1-3: WORLDS COLLIDE, 1491-1607 · 1-3: WORLDS COLLIDE, 1491-1607. Early Explorations Columbian Exchange Exchange between old and new worlds Demographic, economic, and social changes.

1-3: WORLDS COLLIDE,

1491-1607

Early Explorations

Columbian Exchange

Exchange between old and new worlds

Demographic, economic, and social changes

Early Explorations

Columbian Exchange

Negative Effects

• Smallpox

• Forced relocation

• Enslavement

• Exploitation

• Resources plundered

Early Explorations

Columbian Exchange

Positive Effects

• Trade—horses, cows, guns, cotton

• Increased longevity

• Technological improvements

• Better education

• Model of a more stable government

• Christianity (morals, no more human sacrifice, etc.)

Early Explorations

Dividing the Americas

Treaty of Tordesillas(1494)

Competition

Early Explorations

Spanish Conquest

Search for gold

Haciendas

Encomienda System

• Limited long-term use due to spread of disease

Intermarriage and Caste System

Early Explorations

English Claims

Individuals or families seeking social mobility

Focus on agriculture

Removal of Indians, not subjugation

Early Explorations

French and Dutch Claims

Search for Northwest Passage

Trading outposts and alliances with Native Americans

• Used alliances to thwart England’s colonies

Treatment of American Indians

English Policy

Removal, not subjugation

Little intermarriage

• Arrived as families

French Policy

Posed less threat

Economic and military allies

Treatment of American Indians

Spanish Policy

Valladolid Debate

• Sepulveda

– Indians less than human so encomienda system was beneficial

• Las Casas

– Indians human and morally equivalent to Europeans

– Enslavement not justified

Pueblo Revolt