1. 2Mobile Phones and Computer as Parts of Everyday Life in Finland – Reviews 2000/5 Number of mobile phones per 100 population Source: Lea Parjo 2000.

1

Doctor Juha Nurmela

Mobile Phones and Com-puters as Parts of Every-

day Life in FinlandThe Digital Divide ;

Enhancing Access to ICTsOECD, Paris 7 December 2000

2Mobile Phones and Computer as Parts of Everyday Life in Finland – Reviews 2000/5

Number of mobile phones per 100 population

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Finland

Iceland

Norway

Sweden

Austria

Luxembourg

Denmark

Portugal

Italy

The Netherlands

Switzerland

UK

Ireland

Spain

Greece

France

Belgium

Germany

Cyprus

%

1.3.2000

Source: Lea Parjo 2000 / Mobile Communications

2


Persons aged 15 and over with a PC and Internet connection at home in different European countries in autumn 1998, % of total population

0 20 40 60 80 100

Sw eden

The Netherlands

Denmark

Luxembourg

Finland

UK

Belgium

Germany

Austria

Spain

Italy

Ireland

France

Portugal

Greece

%

Internet at home Home Pc

Source: Lea Parjo 2000 / Eurobarometer 50.1 INRA

Internet at home: EU 15average

Home PC: EU 15 average

3

4

Communication capability

Communication capabilities by Doctor Mrs Viherä

Access Competence

Motivation

5

A

A

A

C

C

C

M

M

M

A

CM

Can’t interpret the message

AC

M

No motivation to join the community

A = AccessC = CompetenceM = Motivation

Compatible access, competence and motive for social communication

A

C

M

There is no compatible access

6

Telephone Communication

Index of Access:* numbers of fixed telephones

* numbers of mobile telephones

* answering services

* text message services

Index of Competence:

* technical command - “button techniques“

* management of communication situation

7

Index of Motivation Index of Participation:

* number of friends * number of acquaintances

* desire to know status in circle of friends

Index of Activity: * immediate environment * willingness to participate in municipal decision-making * activity in organisations

Index of Organisation: * telephone discussions * interest in the society * interest in municipal politics

8

Network Communication Index of Access:

number of ISDN and modem connections shared use of laptop computers and mobile phones e-mail and Internet capabilities available at work or place of

study

Index of Competence: dexterity English-language skills technical skills competence in handling communication software

Index of Motivation: same variables as index of motivation for telephone

communication number of visits to the web pages of the municipality

9

Telephone communication capabilities were good, whereas network communication capabilities were still fairly weak.

Average Figures for the Communication Capability Indices

Telephone Communication Indices

Access Competence Motivation1996 1999 % 1966 1999 % 1996 1999 %

Male 59 75 27 67 68 1 42 40 -5Female 49 70 43 72 71 -1 53 49 -12

Network Communication Indices

Access Competence Motivation1996 1999 % 1996 1999 % 1996 1999 %

Male 10 20 100 28 40 43 39 43 10Female 8 18 125 23 37 61 43 50 16


Spread of certain appliances and devices to households in Finland up to autumn 2000 (percentages of households possessing at least one appliance of the given type)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000

%

Colour TV Video recorder CD player Internet connectionPC Mobile phone Microwave oven DVD player

Source: Household Budget Survey and Consumer Survey, Statistics Finland

Access to a car

3


Percentages of households possessing at least one computer, CD-ROM drive or Internet connection, by size, in autumn 1996 and autumn 1999

0 20 40 60 80 100

Home computer

1 person

2 persons

3 persons

4 persons

5+ persons

Total

CD-ROM

1 person

2 persons

3 persons

4 persons

5+ persons

Total

Internet connection

1 person

2 persons

3 persons

4 persons

5+ persons

Total

% in autumn 1996 in autumn 1999

1

Source: The Finns and the Future Information Society surveys 1996 and 1999, Statistics Finland


Expansion of computer and Internet skills among Finnish users between 1996 and 1999 by sex, expressed as percentages unable to use the given programs per cent of computers users

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

not familiar w ith Email

Men

Women

Total

not familiar w ith an Internet brow ser

Men

Women

Total

not familiar w ith w ord processing

Men

Women

Total

%

1996 1999


Percentages of pupils who had used computers for word processing, email and web pages at school in 1996 and 1999.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Used word processing

10-16-yr compr. school

upper sec. school

Total

Used Email


upper sec. school

Total

Used web pages


upper sec. school

Total

%

1996 1999


EU Objective regions existing during the period 1996–1999


Households not possessing a computer in 1999 by EU objective region and size of household, in percentages

0 20 40 60 80 100

1–2persons

Helsinki region

Other 0 regions

Objective 2 regions

Objective 5b regions

Objective 6 regions

Total

3+ persons

Helsinki region

Other 0 regions

Objective 2 regions


Objective 6 regions

Total

%

Size of household and EU objective region (N = 1081 + 734)


Lack of operative preconditions ”Problem:”

Inadequate external conditions condition problem

Inadequate human skills lack of skills

Inadequate knowledge lack of knowledge

Biased interpretations information organisation problem

Weakened motivation lack of will

Impaired functionality illness

Impaired functional capacities some degree of incapability

Problem of the lack of adequate conditions for the use of new technology and lack of competence in its use

Source: Nurmela 1998

17

Informational stage / form of development

Restructured / Newly stuctured capitalism

Global networks of material exchange (instrumental)

InnovationsNew technology

Capital intensityGlobalization

New technologigal and economic paradigm / New paradigm of technology and economy

People and communitiesEveryday processes / everyday life

Local conditions

Basic tension

The tension between the global network and local identity

Uncertainty

Uncontrolla-bility

Conflicts

Democracy deficit

AlienationFalling out / dropping out

Source: Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko

18

Overt/explicit message Overt/explicit message

Inplicit messageIntended /inplicit messace

Idea Thought

Information in physical form


Making conciseConsolidation

Formulation

Coding

Transmission

Decoding

Interpretation

Thinking (process)

Sender Recipient

The transit/transmission/tarnsmittal of the message from sender to recipient

within the communication process forms (correstonds to) the model for/of

communication transmission

19

Overt/explicit message Overt/explicit message

Inplicit messageIntended /inplicit messace

Idea Thought



Making conciseConsolidation

Formulation

Coding

Transmission

Decoding

Interpretation

Thinking (process)

Sender Recipient

A model for communication transmission as culture


Use of mobile phones for the sending and receiving of text messages by persons aged under and over 30 years in November 1999, by sex, in percentages of mobile phone users

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Not used text messages

Women over 30 years

Women 10–30 years

Men over 30 years

Men 10–30 years

Total

More text messages than phone calls

Women over 30 years

Women 10–30 years

Men over 30 years

Men 10–30 years

Total

%


Content of text messages sent by persons under and over 30 years in November 1999, by sex (in percentages)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Greetings

Over 30 yrs

10–30 yrs

Questions

Over 30 yrs

10–30 yrs

Cossiping

Over 30 yrs

10–30 yrs

Intimate

Over 30 yrs

10–30 yrs

Reminders

Over 30 yrs

10–30 yrs

Requests to get in touch

Over 30 yrs

10–30 yrs

Information

Over 30 yrs

10–30 yrs

%

7


Possibilities for distance work as estimated by the employed, unemployed population and students in autumn 1999, by age and sex, in percentages.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Distance work possible

Women aged 31+ years

Women aged 10-30 years

Men aged 31+ years

Men aged 10-30 years

Total

%

1996 1999


Use of the telephone and computer for net banking in the EU objective regions, in percentages of total population by age in 1999

0 20 40 60 80 100

Under 30 years

Helsinki region

Other 0 regions

Objective 2 regions


Objective 6 regions

Total

30+ years

Helsinki region

Other 0 regions

Objective 2 regions


Objective 6 regions

Total

%

2

Age of person and EU objective region (N = 2363 + 1501)


Households not intending to buy a computer in 1999 by EU objective region and size of household, in percentages of those not possessing a computer

0 20 40 60 80 100

1–2 persons

Helsinki region

Other 0 regions

Objective 2 regions


Objective 6 regions

Total

3+ persons

Helsinki region

Other 0 regions

Objective 2 regions


Objective 6 regions

Total

%



Households who said that they cannot afford a computer, in 1999 by EU objective region and size of household, in percentages of all households

0 20 40 60 80 100

1–2 persons

Helsinki region

Other 0 regions

Objective 2 regions


Objective 6 regions

Total

3+ persons

Helsinki region

Other 0 regions

Objective 2 regions


Objective 6 regions

Total

%

2



Experiences of the flood of information and preferred means of organising things in 1996 and 1999, by sex and age (under or over 30 years), expressed as percentages of those in full or partial agreement with the statements given

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

No flood of information



Men aged 31+ years


Total

Prefer telephone



Men aged 31+ years


Total

% (% in full or partial agreement)

1996 1999

1. 2Mobile Phones and Computer as Parts of Everyday Life in Finland – Reviews 2000/5 Number of mobile phones per 100 population Source: Lea Parjo 2000.

Documents

statistics finland slide

number of mobile phones

finland reviews

compatible access slide

municipality slide

mobile phones email

parts of everyday life

statistics finland access