1 2008 Population Census of Cambodia By Mrs. Hang Lina DDG-NIS, MOP Regional Workshop on the 2010 World Program on Population and Housing Census: Census.

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2008 Population Census 2008 Population Census of Cambodiaof Cambodia

By Mrs. Hang LinaBy Mrs. Hang Lina

DDG-NIS, MOPDDG-NIS, MOP

Regional Workshop on the 2010 World Program on Population and Housing Census: Census Evaluation and PES,

Bangkok Thailand, 10-14 May, 2010

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ContentsContents BackgroundBackground ObjectivesObjectives Time-lineTime-line Legal Basis of 2008 Population CensusLegal Basis of 2008 Population Census Pre-census activitiesPre-census activities Census organization and administrationCensus organization and administration Advocacy and public information campaignAdvocacy and public information campaign Census methodology, questionnaires and manualsCensus methodology, questionnaires and manuals Recruitment and training of personnelRecruitment and training of personnel Enumeration phaseEnumeration phase Post Enumeration SurveyPost Enumeration Survey First census outcomeFirst census outcome Editing, coding, data entry, tabulation Editing, coding, data entry, tabulation Lessons learnedLessons learned Constraints and problemsConstraints and problems Planned reportingPlanned reporting DisseminationDissemination Census funding sourcesCensus funding sources

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Background Background

1962 Census (pop. = 5.7 million)1962 Census (pop. = 5.7 million) 1998 Census: the 1998 Census: the firstfirst censuscensus post Khmer post Khmer

Rouge. 36 year interval since last census.Rouge. 36 year interval since last census. 2008 Cambodia Population Census: 10 year 2008 Cambodia Population Census: 10 year

interval since 1998 census.interval since 1998 census. The majority of the 1998 Population Census The majority of the 1998 Population Census

was supported by UNFPAwas supported by UNFPA 2008 Population Census is supported by United 2008 Population Census is supported by United

Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Japan, Japan Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Japan, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Germany, and Cambodia Germany, and Cambodia

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ObjectivesObjectives

Provide basic demographic information Provide basic demographic information Provide updated population and development Provide updated population and development

indicators indicators Provide trends and patterns in fertility, Provide trends and patterns in fertility,

mortality, migration and other demographic and mortality, migration and other demographic and socio-economic variables. socio-economic variables.

To monitor and formulate the National and To monitor and formulate the National and decentralized plans decentralized plans

Provide a sampling frame.Provide a sampling frame. Establish a population database.Establish a population database.

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TimelineTimeline

– Dec 07 to Feb 08: Final Census TrainingsDec 07 to Feb 08: Final Census Trainings– 29 Feb to 2 Mar 08: Final Household listing 29 Feb to 2 Mar 08: Final Household listing

– 3-13 March 08: Full census enumeration3-13 March 08: Full census enumeration

– Sept 08: Preliminary census resultsSept 08: Preliminary census results

- Sep. 2009 - Sep. 2009 Release of final results Release of final results

- Sep. 2010 - Sep. 2010 Analyze, evaluate, and Analyze, evaluate, and disseminate main census disseminate main census

resultsresults

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Legal Basis of 2008 Population CensusLegal Basis of 2008 Population Census

Statistics Law enacted 19 May, 2005Statistics Law enacted 19 May, 2005 Sub-Decree on The Organization and Sub-Decree on The Organization and

Functioning of The National Statistics Functioning of The National Statistics System, 26 January, 2007System, 26 January, 2007

Sub-Decree on The Organization and Sub-Decree on The Organization and Implementation of The General Population Implementation of The General Population Census of Cambodia 2008, 30 January, Census of Cambodia 2008, 30 January, 20062006

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Pre-census activities (1)Pre-census activities (1)

Census mapping: (fully supported by JICA)Census mapping: (fully supported by JICA)– 30 National Institute of Statistics (NIS) staff 30 National Institute of Statistics (NIS) staff

have been trainedhave been trained– Base on available maps from1998, and Base on available maps from1998, and

additional some satellite commune maps from additional some satellite commune maps from JICA.JICA.

– 30 NIS staff were visiting all over the country30 NIS staff were visiting all over the country– Updated the maps by 28,258 handwritten Updated the maps by 28,258 handwritten

Enumeration Area (EA) maps (smaller than Enumeration Area (EA) maps (smaller than village)village)

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Pre-census activities (2)Pre-census activities (2)

– One EA = 120 households or lessOne EA = 120 households or less– EA is a part of village or a full villageEA is a part of village or a full village– GPS has been used for pointing village chief’s GPS has been used for pointing village chief’s

places.places.– In 1998 Population Census, maps were In 1998 Population Census, maps were

sketched drawing by hand only.sketched drawing by hand only.– In 2008 Population Census, maps have been In 2008 Population Census, maps have been

developed with Geographical Information developed with Geographical Information System (GIS) technologies and digital maps System (GIS) technologies and digital maps with villages boundaries.with villages boundaries.

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Census OrganizationCensus Organization– National Level: National Census Committee, Census National Level: National Census Committee, Census

Technical Committee, Census Advocacy Committee Technical Committee, Census Advocacy Committee

– Provincial and District Level Census CommitteesProvincial and District Level Census Committees

– 120 regional census officers (1 regional census 120 regional census officers (1 regional census officer and 4 assistant regional officers per officer and 4 assistant regional officers per province).province).

– 72 provincial census officers, 500 field trainers, 370 72 provincial census officers, 500 field trainers, 370 district census officers, 1,621 commune census district census officers, 1,621 commune census officers, 14,088 village census officers, 28,054 officers, 14,088 village census officers, 28,054 enumerators, 7,014 supervisors, 500 translators and enumerators, 7,014 supervisors, 500 translators and additional supervisors/enumerators for special additional supervisors/enumerators for special settlements. settlements.

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Census AdvocacyCensus Advocacy

Commence in June 2007.Commence in June 2007. TV and Radio were a main channel for TV and Radio were a main channel for

census publicity.census publicity. Other means were newspapers, street Other means were newspapers, street

banners, T-shorts, bags, leaflets and banners, T-shorts, bags, leaflets and posters.posters.

Census publicity materials were Census publicity materials were successfully distributed throughout the successfully distributed throughout the country in advancecountry in advance..

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Census Methodology, Questionnaires Census Methodology, Questionnaires and Manualsand Manuals

The The de factode facto method was adopted. method was adopted.

Questionnaires and manuals were finalized Questionnaires and manuals were finalized based on user requirements, lessons based on user requirements, lessons learned and international/UN guidelines.learned and international/UN guidelines.

Add new survey items (disability, economic Add new survey items (disability, economic activities, maternal mortality data)activities, maternal mortality data)

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Census RecruitmentCensus Recruitment

Local Enumerators and Supervisors Local Enumerators and Supervisors recruited based on an agreed criteria. recruited based on an agreed criteria.

The majority of supervisors and The majority of supervisors and enumerators are primary teachers at the enumerators are primary teachers at the local areas.local areas.

As some people may not understand As some people may not understand Khmer in some places, translators were Khmer in some places, translators were appointed.appointed.

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Census TrainingCensus Training

Sensitization of senior officials of the Ministry of Sensitization of senior officials of the Ministry of Planning on key census concepts and Planning on key census concepts and questionnaire contents;questionnaire contents;

National level training of NIS senior National level training of NIS senior officers/PCO and deputies, ROs, AROs, and officers/PCO and deputies, ROs, AROs, and trainers of training (TOT) with assistance from trainers of training (TOT) with assistance from census advisers;census advisers;

Provincial training of selected supervisors and Provincial training of selected supervisors and trainerstrainers

District level training of supervisors, District level training of supervisors, enumerators, district, and commune officers.enumerators, district, and commune officers.

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The Enumeration PhaseThe Enumeration Phase

Mapping and house listing 29 Feb -2 Mar 08Mapping and house listing 29 Feb -2 Mar 08

Enumeration homeless pop. Midnight 3 Mar08Enumeration homeless pop. Midnight 3 Mar08

Census EnumerationCensus Enumeration 03-13 Mar 08 03-13 Mar 08

Receive completed forms 16-20 Mar 08Receive completed forms 16-20 Mar 08

Check and verificationCheck and verification 16 Mar-16 Apr08 16 Mar-16 Apr08

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Post-Enumeration Survey (1)Post-Enumeration Survey (1)

Conducted immediately after the Conducted immediately after the census.census.

It was conducted in 100 selected EAs. It was conducted in 100 selected EAs.

The main objective is to estimate the The main objective is to estimate the coverage and contents errors in the coverage and contents errors in the censuscensus

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Post-Enumeration Survey (2)Post-Enumeration Survey (2)

The PES was implemented in three distinct The PES was implemented in three distinct stages of operation:stages of operation:

– Enumerated all households in selected EAs.Enumerated all households in selected EAs.– Matched the census forms with the PES forms.Matched the census forms with the PES forms.– Checked unmatched forms in the field.Checked unmatched forms in the field.

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First census outcomeFirst census outcome

Preliminary results were released in 3 Sep.2008Preliminary results were released in 3 Sep.2008 Draft report on the PES, 9 Dec. 2008Draft report on the PES, 9 Dec. 2008

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Editing and codingEditing and coding

EditingEditing 63 staff including supervisors63 staff including supervisors CodingCoding 39 staff including supervisors39 staff including supervisors Industry coding uses UN’s ISIC Rev. 4Industry coding uses UN’s ISIC Rev. 4 Occupation coding uses UN’s ISCO-08Occupation coding uses UN’s ISCO-08

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Data EntryData Entry

Data entry : 134 operators + supervisors. Data entry : 134 operators + supervisors. Traditional key-in data capture was Traditional key-in data capture was adopted. 100 PCs were planned and 140 adopted. 100 PCs were planned and 140 PCs were actually used to capture the data PCs were actually used to capture the data of population more than 13 millions in 7 of population more than 13 millions in 7 months (Aug. 2008 – Feb. 2009)months (Aug. 2008 – Feb. 2009)

CSPro is used for data entry and cleaning. CSPro is used for data entry and cleaning. IMPS is used for tabulationIMPS is used for tabulation

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TabulationTabulation

National level of 67 priority tables were National level of 67 priority tables were printed and have been being checked.printed and have been being checked.

Sub-national level of 67 priority tables will Sub-national level of 67 priority tables will be produced and divided into 62,000 sub-be produced and divided into 62,000 sub-tables.tables.

Other than the priority tables, JICA Experts Other than the priority tables, JICA Experts have been assisting the NIS in producing a have been assisting the NIS in producing a number of supplementary tables.number of supplementary tables.

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Lessons learned (1)Lessons learned (1)

Local primary school teachers served as Local primary school teachers served as enumerators and supervisors.enumerators and supervisors.

District and commune official assisted PCO in District and commune official assisted PCO in census administration and supervision.census administration and supervision.

The census advocacy broadcast by TV and The census advocacy broadcast by TV and Radio are more effective.Radio are more effective.

The Prime Minister message released during The Prime Minister message released during the enumeration operation.the enumeration operation.

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Lessons learned (2)Lessons learned (2) Training was arranged at three levels:Training was arranged at three levels:

– National level (120 ROs/AROs, and PCOs)National level (120 ROs/AROs, and PCOs)– Provincial level (500 field trainers)Provincial level (500 field trainers)– Selected training center in districts(7,014 Selected training center in districts(7,014

supervisors and 28,054 enumerators)supervisors and 28,054 enumerators) The field supervision led by Senior Minister of The field supervision led by Senior Minister of

the MOP with UNFPA, JICA, Embassy of the MOP with UNFPA, JICA, Embassy of Germany, and senior officers of the MOP was Germany, and senior officers of the MOP was very effective to get the understanding of the very effective to get the understanding of the public at large. public at large.

The reports from field supervisory staff helped The reports from field supervisory staff helped the NIS understand the real situation of census the NIS understand the real situation of census operation and data quality.operation and data quality.

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Constraints (1)Constraints (1)

Low allocation of funds in the Low allocation of funds in the government budget.government budget.

Transportation and cost to remote Transportation and cost to remote areas and islands.areas and islands.

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Constraints (2)Constraints (2)

National capacity building is achieved National capacity building is achieved notably in the areas of questionnaire notably in the areas of questionnaire design, logistics arrangement, data design, logistics arrangement, data collection, training of field staff, editing collection, training of field staff, editing and coding of census schedules, data and coding of census schedules, data entry and dissemination of results. In the entry and dissemination of results. In the more technical areas like census analysis more technical areas like census analysis and computer programming, however, and computer programming, however, capacity building is limited.capacity building is limited.

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Problems facedProblems faced

There were some problems at the household There were some problems at the household listing as households increased. In some EAs, listing as households increased. In some EAs, the households increased to three or four the households increased to three or four times as compared with the results of the times as compared with the results of the census mapping. Therefore the NIS faced the census mapping. Therefore the NIS faced the problem to print and send additional forms to problem to print and send additional forms to the relevant EAs.the relevant EAs.

Printing a large volume of census forms and Printing a large volume of census forms and distributing them to the field on time was distributing them to the field on time was very crucial.very crucial.

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Planned ReportingPlanned Reporting

Census Tables and Main Census Census Tables and Main Census results– July 2009results– July 2009

Release of final results – Sep. 2009Release of final results – Sep. 2009 Printing tables and analytical reports – Printing tables and analytical reports –

from Dec. 2009from Dec. 2009 Holding dissemination seminars for Holding dissemination seminars for

government planners, stakeholders, government planners, stakeholders, and data users – from Sep. 2009and data users – from Sep. 2009

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Dissemination (1)Dissemination (1)

Hard Copy: Hard Copy: – Final Census ReportFinal Census Report– Provincial Census ReprtsProvincial Census Reprts– Census AtlasCensus Atlas– PamphletPamphlet– Analytical reports - fertility, mortality, Analytical reports - fertility, mortality,

Nuptiality, Disability, migration, gender, Nuptiality, Disability, migration, gender, labor, employment, literacy, and labor, employment, literacy, and education, Housing amenity, Population education, Housing amenity, Population Projections, Urban DevelopmentProjections, Urban Development

– Statistical maps Statistical maps

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Dissemination (2)Dissemination (2)

Electronic Media (Website and Electronic Media (Website and CD/DVD): CD/DVD): – Tables and Table retrieval systemTables and Table retrieval system– Micro-data retrieval systemMicro-data retrieval system– Statistical maps Statistical maps – CamInfo/SuperstarCamInfo/Superstar (CamInfo using Census (CamInfo using Census

Data, and potential use of SuperStar online Data, and potential use of SuperStar online and offline)and offline)

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Dissemination (3) Dissemination (3)

WorkshopWorkshop– National levelNational level– Provincial levelProvincial level– District levelDistrict level

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Census fundingCensus funding

Original budget isOriginal budget is US$US$ 5,956,4805,956,480 UNFPA:UNFPA: US$US$ 1,464,7111,464,711 German:German: US$US$ 1,549,0001,549,000 JICA:JICA: US$US$ 568,230568,230 JCPF: US$JCPF: US$ 1,686,6561,686,656 ((1,968,2121,968,212 includingincluding

establishment listing and furniture of building )establishment listing and furniture of building ) Royal Government (including cars): US$Royal Government (including cars): US$ 746,758746,758 Govt. of Japan provided one new NIS buildingGovt. of Japan provided one new NIS building (US$(US$

946,433946,433). ). It was inaugurated by Deputy Prime It was inaugurated by Deputy Prime Minister and Vice Minister of Japan, in January, Minister and Vice Minister of Japan, in January, 2008.2008.

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION