Page 1
1© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 3
Ethernet Technologies/ Ethernet Switching/ TCP/IP
Protocol Suite and IP Addressing
Page 2
222© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Objectives
Page 3
333© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Types of Ethernet
Page 4
444© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Parameters for 10 Mbps Ethernet Operation
Page 5
555© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Ethernet Frame
Page 6
666© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Manchester Encoding Examples
Page 7
777© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
10BASE5 Architecture Example
Page 8
888© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
10BASE2 Network Design Limits
Page 9
999© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
10BASE-T Modular Jack Pinouts
Page 10
101010© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
10BASE-T Repeated Network Design Limits
Page 11
111111© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Parameters for 100-Mbps Ethernet Operation
Page 12
121212© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Ethernet Frame
Page 13
131313© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
MLT-3 Encoding Example
Page 14
141414© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
100BASE-TX Modular Jack Pinout
Page 15
151515© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
NRZI Encoding Examples
Page 16
161616© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
100BASE-FX Pinout
Page 17
171717© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Example of Architecture Configuration and Cable Distances
Page 18
181818© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Types of Ethernet
Page 19
191919© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Parameters for Gigabit Ethernet Operation
Page 20
202020© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Ethernet Frame
Page 21
212121© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Outbound (Tx) 1000Base-T Signal
Page 22
222222© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Actual 1000Base-T Signal Transmission
Page 23
232323© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Benefits of Gigabit Ethernet on Fiber
Page 24
242424© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Gigabit Ethernet Layers
Page 25
252525© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
1000BASE-SX and LX
Page 26
262626© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Gigabit Ethernet Media Comparison
Page 27
272727© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Gigabit Ethernet Architecture
Maximum 1000BASE-SX Cable Distances
Maximum 1000BASE-LX Cable Distances
Page 28
282828© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Parameters for 10-Gbps Ethernet Operation
Page 29
292929© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
10GBASE LX-4 Signal Multiplexing
Page 30
303030© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
10-Gigabit Ethernet Implementations
Page 31
313131© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Future of Ethernet
The Expanding Scope of Ethernet
Page 32
323232© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Summary
Page 33
33© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Ethernet Switching
Page 34
343434© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Objectives
Page 35
353535© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Layer 2 Bridging
Page 36
363636© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Bridges
Page 37
373737© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Switch Operation
Page 38
383838© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Full Duplex
Page 39
393939© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Network Latency
Page 40
404040© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Switch Modes
• Store and Forward - A switch receives the entire frame before sending it out the destination port.
• Cut-Through - A switch starts to transfer the frame as soon as the destination MAC address is received.
Page 41
414141© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Spanning-Tree Operation
Page 42
424242© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
STP States
Page 43
434343© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Types of Networks
Page 44
444444© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Collisions in Collision Domain
Page 45
454545© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Collision Domain Segmentation
Page 46
464646© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Increasing a Collision Domain
Page 47
474747© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Four Repeater Rule
Page 48
484848© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Round-Trip Delay Calculation
Page 49
494949© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Layer 1 Devices Extend Collision Domains
Page 50
505050© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Limiting the Collision Domains
Page 51
515151© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Segmenting a Collision Domain with a Bridge
Page 52
525252© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Broadcasts in a Bridged Environment
Page 53
535353© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Effects of Broadcast Radiation on Hosts in a IP Network
Page 54
545454© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Average Number of Broadcasts and Multicasts for IP
Page 55
555555© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Broadcast Domain Segmentation
Page 56
565656© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Data Flow Through a Network
Page 57
575757© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Segments
Page 58
585858© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Summary
Page 59
59© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite and IP Addressing
Page 60
606060© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Objectives
Page 61
616161© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
The TCP/IP Model
Page 62
626262© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
TCP/IP Applications
Page 63
636363© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Transport Layer Protocols
Page 64
646464© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Transport Layer Protocols
Page 65
656565© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Transport Layer Protocols
Page 66
666666© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Internet Layer Protocols
Page 67
676767© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Internet Path Determination
Page 68
686868© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Network Access Protocols
Page 69
696969© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Comparing TCP/IP with the OSI Model
Page 70
707070© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Router Connects Two Networks
Page 71
717171© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Routers Connect Local and Remote Networks
Page 72
727272© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Users See TCP/IP Cloud
Page 73
737373© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Physical Details Hidden from Users
Page 74
747474© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Host Address
Page 75
757575© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Dual-homed Computer
Page 76
767676© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
IP Addressing Format
Page 77
777777© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Consecutive Decimal and Binary Values
Page 78
787878© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Two Byte (Sixteen Bit Number)
Page 79
797979© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Two Byte (Sixteen Bit Number)
Page 80
808080© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
One Byte (Eight Bit Number)
Page 81
818181© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Decimal to Binary Conversion
Page 82
828282© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Two Byte (Sixteen Bit Number)
Page 83
838383© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Binary to Decimal Conversion
Page 84
848484© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Network Layer Communication Path
Page 85
858585© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Network and Host Addressing
Page 86
868686© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Internet Addresses
Page 87
878787© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
IP Address Classes
Page 88
888888© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Identifying Address Classes
Page 89
898989© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Address Class Prefixes
Page 90
909090© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Network and Host Division
Page 91
919191© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Class A Address
Page 92
929292© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Class B Address
Page 93
939393© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Class C Address
Page 94
949494© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Class D Address Architecture
Page 95
959595© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Class E Address Architecture
Page 96
969696© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
IP Address Range
Page 97
979797© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Network Address
Page 98
989898© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Broadcast Address
Page 99
999999© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Network Address
Page 100
100100100© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Unicast Transmission
Page 101
101101101© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Broadcast Address
Page 102
102102102© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Broadcast Transmission
Page 103
103103103© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Required Unique Address
Page 104
104104104© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Private IP Addresses
Page 105
105105105© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Using Private Addresses in the WAN
Page 106
106106106© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Addressing with Subnets
Page 107
107107107© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Subnet Addresses
Page 108
108108108© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Quick Reference Subnetting Chart
Page 109
109109109© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
IPv4 Address Allocation
Page 110
110110110© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
IPv4 and IPv6
Page 111
111111111© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
IPv4 and IPv6 Addresses
Page 112
112112112© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Internet Addresses
Page 113
113113113© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Assigning IP Addresses
Page 114
114114114© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
TCPIP/IP Configuration for Windows 7
Page 115
115115115© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
IP Address
Page 116
116116116© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
ARP/RARP Message Structure
Page 117
117117117© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
BOOTP Message Structure
Page 118
118118118© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
DHCP Message Structure
Page 119
119119119© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
ARP Table Entry
Page 120
120120120© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
ARP Table Funtions
Page 121
121121121© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
The ARP Process
Page 122
122122122© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
ARP Request
Page 123
123123123© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Proxy ARP Request
Page 124
124124124© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Default Gateway
Page 125
125125125© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Summary
Page 126
126126126© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Question/Answer
Thank you