1 2 Welcome to the World of Science with Air Products.

PowerPoint Presentation

What are we going to do today?Talk about TemperatureMatter what is it?Forms of matterProperties of matter

Carry out Experiments!

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Welcome to the World of Science with Air Products

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#4View in presentation mode to see all photos4What is Temperature?Temperature is how hot or cold something isYou can find out the temperature of an object by whether it feels warm or cold

0C 5C

37C 15C Your body!-196C

-18C -68C

#6With this slide, it is nice to have some (laminated) temperature cards: you can make a human temperature scale asking the kids to hold the card at the right place.Quiz:What temperature is room temperature? +20CAt what temperature does water freeze?0CWhat temperature is liquid nitrogen? -196CIs body temperature 37c or 40c?37C

How cold is the coldest place on earth?South Pole, -68C

What is matter?Matter is anything that can be weighed and occupies space

Matter exists in three different phases: Solid Liquid Gas or Vapour

#More about solidsSolids have a definite shape that is not easy to change

WHAT ELSE CAN YOU THINK OF?

#8Demonstration: House brickAsk (strongest) pupil if he/ she can change the shape of a house brick

More about liquidsThe shape of a liquid can change to suit its container

WHAT ELSE CAN YOU THINK OF?

#9Demonstration: Water jug and glassPour water from jug into glass

More about gas or vapourThe shape can change to fill the space it is put into

WHAT ELSE CAN YOU THINK OF?#10Demonstration: BalloonBlow up balloon then let air escape into the surrounding space

Changes of StateThe State of Matter can be changed by altering its surroundings e.g. the temperature or pressure around it

WATERSTEAMICE

#11Demonstration 1: Balloon & lemonade bottle(liquid to gas)Burst balloon using teaspoon of LIN in lemonade bottleDemonstration 2: C02 balloon(gas to solid)Cool a C02 balloon in LIN to form solid C02Demonstration 3: Water(solid to liquid)Pour some water into an ice-block bag and dip it in the nitrogen to create ice cubes. Highlight different time needed to make ice in home freezer and with LIN.

Properties of matterMatter in the same state can behave differently at varying temperatures#12Demonstration 1: Banana HammerCool banana in LIN and drop on floor/use it as a hammer to put nail into balsa wood:Freeze only half of the banana. The advantage of this is that you can then take the banana out, hammer the nail into the wood, peel the other half of the banana and take a bite; hammer the nail again into the wood, peel some more of the other half of the banana and take another bite. This is a real crowd pleaser. If you don't have balsa wood, you should have a pilot hole in the end of the wood or else the experiment will not work and you will shatter the banana.

Demonstration 2: Cryogrinding and Preservation of FlowersStart the demonstration by discussing the practical use e.g. manufacture of freeze dried herbs such as ground cinnamon. Cinnamon comes from the bark of a tree and contains many natural oils. If the bark were to be ground directly, it would produce an oily, sticky mess in the grinding equipment. You can demonstrate this by grinding the unfrozen flower between the palms of your hands. Roll the flower between the palms of your hands for several seconds, then open your hands and let it drop with a thud to the top of the table. You can show the audience the oily mess on your palms. Ask them if this looks like ground cinnamon. Of course they'll say no. Ask them how they think we could better grind the flower. If you're lucky, they'll say "dip it in liquid nitrogen."

Using gloves, repeat the procedure and freeze the flower solid. Then grind the frozen flower between the palms of your gloved hands (palms). With a big flourish, open the palms of your hands scattering the ground petals above the heads of the audience. Preservation Allow a few people in audience to smell/touch the flower. Ask them if they smell the aroma of the flower. Then dip one flower in the liquid nitrogen for about 10 seconds. Remove it from the nitrogen, shaking off residual liquid, and t hen ask the same people to smell the frozen flower. No aroma should be detectable.When thawed, bring it back to the audience, allowing them to smell it once again, and ask them if they can now smell the aroma. Point out the aroma has returned and the condition of the flower looks as nice as it did before it was frozen.

BrittlenessSome solids, such as glass, are brittle at normal room temperature but become a liquid at high temperaturesRubber is stretchy at room temperature but becomes brittle when it is very cold and shatters

#13Demonstration 1: Rubber/ plastic tubeCool tube in LIN and smash with hammerDemonstration 2: PaperObserve no difference after cooling with LIN Demonstration 3: Dry and wet clothObserve difference when cooling with LIN

Demonstration 5 : LIN flowers and banana hammer

Expansion and ContractionWhen solid matter is heated it becomes bigger (expands) and when it is cooled it becomes smaller (contracts)When liquid matter is heated or cooled it may expands or contracts?When gas matter is heated it expands and when it is cooled it contracts

#14Demonstration: Expansion ring and ballShow that ball will pass through ring then cool ring and see that ball no longer passes through

DensityHot air inside an air balloon is lighter (less dense) than the colder air around it.This is what makes the balloon rise.

#15Demonstration 1: House brick & polystyrene blockSame size but ask pupils whether they are the same weightDemonstration 2: Helium balloon Cooling a He balloon in LIN to make it fallDemonstration 3: FlameUsing LIN, He & CO2 to put out a flame in different ways

QUESTIONS#

#APPENDIX IExamples of experimentsExamples of products Air Products supplies gases to#DemonstrationsSolids becoming hard and brittleFlowersBanana HammerGeneral FoodRubber/plastic bandsLiquids FreezingFreezing waterSolids ShrinkExpansion ring and ballSolids ShrinkBalloon ShrinkingLiquid Air Maker

#DemonstrationsExamples of products that Air Products supplies gases to:Helium for filling balloonsOxygen for medical useCarbon Dioxide for fizzy drinksHydrogen for hydrogen fuel cell cars Gases to turn sunlight into energyHydrogen to fuel NASA space shuttleLiquid nitrogen for freezing beef burgers#tell me morewww.airproducts.com#