1-2 Notes – The Cell (Part 2) Chapter 1, Lesson 2
Dec 14, 2015
Golgi Apparatus
• Makes, sorts, and ships molecules
• Modifies, stores, and directs molecules made in the ER
Vesicles
• Small, ball-like organelles
• Transport molecules through cytoplasm
• Transport molecules to cell membrane for release
Vacuoles
• Store food, water, or waste products
• Central vacuoles are only in plant cells, and they store water
Prokaryotic Cells
• Lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
• Single-celled organisms known as bacteria
• No nucleus – just a loop of DNA
Prokaryotic Cells
• Evidence suggests they were the first living things to inhabit Earth, and were the only life forms for billions of years
Prokaryotic Cells
• Can be harmful (Salmonella causes food poisoning)
• Can be beneficial (Streptomyces helps us make antibiotics, E. coli helps us digest)
• Essential to environmental processes such as decomposition
Eukaryotic Cells
• Have a nucleus and other organelles
• Larger than prokaryotic cells
• Include protists, fungi, plants, and animals
• May have evolved from prokaryotic cells (one prokaryotic cell joined another)
What is another name for prokaryotes?
A eukaryotes
B chloroplasts
C bacteria
D mitochondria
1.2 The Cell
What organelle transports substances in the cytoplasm?
A ribosomes
B lysosomes
C vacuoles
D vesicles
How are eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells similar?
A size
B both contain membrane-bound organelles
C both have a cell membrane
D both have a nucleus