1 12 Aug 2008 Dan Högberg et al. Dan Högberg 1 Lars Hanson 2 Daniel Lundström 3 Maria Jönsson 4 Dan Lämkull 5 1 The School of Technology and Society, University of Skövde, Sweden 2 Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Sweden 3 Semcon Caran AB, Gothenburg, Sweden 4 ArjoHuntleigh R&D Center, Lund, Sweden 5 Volvo Car Corporation, Manufacturing Engineering, Gothenburg, Sweden e-mail: [email protected]Representing the Elderly in Digital Human Modelling
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1 12 Aug 2008 Dan Högberg et al. Dan Högberg 1 Lars Hanson 2 Daniel Lundström 3 Maria Jönsson 4 Dan Lämkull 5 1 The School of Technology and Society, University.
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1 12 Aug 2008 Dan Högberg et al.
Dan Högberg 1
Lars Hanson 2
Daniel Lundström 3
Maria Jönsson 4
Dan Lämkull 5
1 The School of Technology and Society, University of Skövde, Sweden2 Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
3 Semcon Caran AB, Gothenburg, Sweden4 ArjoHuntleigh R&D Center, Lund, Sweden
5 Volvo Car Corporation, Manufacturing Engineering, Gothenburg, Sweden
Representing the Elderly in Digital Human Modelling
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“Visualisering av brukarkaraktäristik vid produktutveckling inom fordons- och hälsoindustrin“
“Digital Albert”
Carried out within Virtual Ergonomics Centre [www.vec.se]
Financially supported by the Knowledge Foundation (KK-stiftelsen) in Sweden and by the participating organisations
The Research Project
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Enhanced knowledge about how to design tools for people that are designing products and environments for people
• Designers, architects and engineers• Understand the user• People unlike oneself• People who are sometimes considered a less important group
of customers when designing products
Get the Aha I didn’t knew that, I see, OK good
Overall Purpose
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Designers, architects and engineers are people - with different knowledge, attitudes, interests, tasks…
Design is in itself a complex activity
Users and their tasks are different
THE design tool is hard to establish
Begin by a certain application and by using existing design tools and methods
Overall Complexities
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Application
Health care solutions design (products) at ArjoHuntleigh
To the Details
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Computer Aided Design Tool• Modification of Digital Human Modelling (DHM) tools to
better represent elderly people• Manikin has the characteristics and appearance of an able
healthy young or middle-aged human
To the Details
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User representation methodUtilisation of Arjo’s established method “The Mobility Gallery”
• A communication tool structured according to five different levels of functional mobility.
• Residents are classified according to their degree of functional mobility, from the most mobile and independent to the most dependent and entirely bedridden resident.
• Labelled Albert, Barbara, Carl, Doris and Emma.• Each resident is described with different personal
characteristics and background details and an illustration.
To the Details
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The Mobility Gallery – Barbara (B)
The resident is partly capable of performing daily activities independently. However, the assistance that is required is in general not physically demanding for the carer. The assistance may consist of verbal support, feedback or indications, but light physical assistance is also possible. This assistance can be given in combination with smaller aids (walking aids, support or grips and handles) or adaptations in the environment of the resident (grips and handles). Barbara’s remaining capacity should be stimulated. Characteristics• Uses walking frame or similar• Can support herself to some degree• Dependent on carer who is present in demanding situations• Not physically demanding for carer• Stimulation of remaining abilities (e.g. ambulation) is very important
(Arjo, 2005)
To the Details
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The Mobility Gallery – Barbara (B)
To the Details
Barbara, an 82-year-old (62 kg) widow, has lived in the care home for three years. Her husband died seven years ago. In her working life she was a primary school teacher. Her children and grandchildren live nearby and like to visit her. She seems happy in the care home.
There is a combination of medical problems. Due to a heart condition, she occasionally gets very dizzy, and a rheumatic disease makes her joints, especially her knees, stiff and painful. She also gets tired quickly. Because of her dizziness and knee pains she is afraid of falling. The doctor encourages her to keep moving as much as possible: "If you rest, you will rust", he says.
(Arjo, 2005)
[Circa one third of the personal description of Barbara]
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1 – Anthropometry
2 – Range of motion data
3 – Mapping of Mobility Gallery descriptions
4 – Age-corresponding appearance
Approach
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Manikin family structure based on recommendations from Speyer (2005)
Emma Male 1 12 10 24 1 134 10 146Female 1 19 10 32 1 148 10 157
ROMShoulder FlexionShoulder Extension
Supported ROM Supported
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Preliminary Results – Range of Motion
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Results - Mapping of Mobility Gallery Descriptions
Barbara (B)
Mobility DescriptionThe resident is partly capable of performing daily activities independently. However, the assistance that is required is in general not physically demanding for the carer. The assistance may consist of verbal support, feedback or indications, but light physical assistance is also possible. This assistance can be given in combination with smaller aids (walking aids, support or grips and handles) or adaptations in the environment of the resident (grips and handles). Barbara’s remaining capacity should be stimulated.
Characteristics• Uses walking frame or similar• Can support herself to some degree• Dependent on carer who is present in demanding situations• Not physically demanding for carer• Stimulation of remaining abilities (e.g. ambulation) is very important
Link to Personal Description
Anthropometry – Manikin F2Stature 1449 mm, Weight 61 kg, Sitting height 756 mm
Range of Motion dataShoulder Extension 38 deg. (Supported 42 deg.)Shoulder Flexion 161 deg. (Supported 164 deg.)
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Preliminary Results – Appearance
An attempt to create Albert in the illustration software Poser 7.
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According to a study by Goodman et al. (2007), based on literature review, observations and interviews with designers, designers prefer information that is:
- Quick and easy to find and use- Visual and stimulating- Flexible and open-ended and- Relate clearly to design issues
We consider that our prototype tool meet these requirements.
Discussion
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Fine tune anthropometry and range of motion data
Continue work on age-corresponding appearance
Development of a illustrative demonstrator
Evaluation
Coming Steps
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Dan Högberg
The School of Technology and Society, University of Skövde, Swedene-mail: [email protected]