1 11-1 A vs. anA vs. an 11-2 Count and noncount nounsCount and noncount nouns 11-3 Noncount nounsNoncount nouns 11-4 More noncount nounsMore noncount nouns.

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11-1 A vs. an11-2 Count and noncount nouns11-3 Noncount nouns11-4 More noncount nouns11-5 Using several, a lot of, many/much, and ...11-6 Nouns that be count or noncount11-7 Using units of measure with noncount nouns11-8 Guidelines for article usage11-9 Using the or Ø with names11-10 Capitalization

CONTENTS

2

11-1 A vs. AN

She is wearing a bracelet.

3

11-1 A vs. AN

(a) She lives in a cabin.

(b) He lives in an apartment.

(c) She lives in a large cabin.

(d) He lives in an old apartment.

a

an= “one”

a consonants

an vowels

4

11-1 A vs. AN

(e) I had an uncle named Spiros.

(f) They have an ugly car.

(g) The inch is a unit of measure.

(h) He saw a unique building.

For words beginning with the letter u:

a consonant sound an vowel sound

5

11-1 A vs. AN

(i) I will see you in an hour.

(j) This is a happy day.

For words beginning with the letter h:

a pronounced “h” an silent “h”

6

11-1 LET’S PRACTICE

aan___ ear.An

___ large ear.A

___ enormous ear.An

___ useful ear.A

7

11-1 LET’S PRACTICE

aan___ holiday.A

___ universal holiday.A

___ unique holiday.A

___ unhappy situation.An

8

11-1 LET’S PRACTICE

aan___ honest mistake.An

___ hateful comment.A

___ hour of exercise.An

___ unhappy experience.An

9

11-2 COUNT AND NONCOUNT NOUNS

Yes. Let’s buy a tableand four chairs.

Should we buy some

furniture?

10

11-2 COUNT AND NONCOUNT NOUNS

COUNT NOUN

SINGULAR PLURAL

a table Ø tablesone table five tables some tables

can be countedcan be preceded by a/anhas a plural form (-s or -es)

11

11-2 COUNT AND NONCOUNT NOUNS

NONCOUNT NOUN

SINGULAR PLURAL

Ø furniture Ø

some furniture Ø

one furniture

a furniture

furnitures

cannot be countedis not preceded by a/andoes not have a plural form

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11-2 LET’S PRACTICE

We love to see movies.

count?

?NOUN

noncount

13

11-2 LET’S PRACTICE

I need some new jewelry.

count?

?NOUN

noncount

14

11-2 LET’S PRACTICE

Which utensil do you want?

count ?

?NOUN

noncount

15

11-3 NONCOUNT NOUNS

The river is so beautiful.

All the scenery is beautiful.

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11-3 NONCOUNT NOUNS

mail

letterspostcardsbillsadvertisementsetc.

INDIVIDUAL PARTS = THE WHOLE (Count Nouns) (Noncount Nouns) (a)

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11-3 NONCOUNT NOUNS

fruit

grapesbananasapplesorangesetc.

(b)

INDIVIDUAL PARTS = THE WHOLE (Count Nouns) (Noncount Nouns)

18

11-3 NONCOUNT NOUNS

jewelry

necklacesringsbraceletspinsetc.

(c)

INDIVIDUAL PARTS = THE WHOLE (Count Nouns) (Noncount Nouns)

19

11-3 LET’S PRACTICE

-s-es /

We have really old furniture__./

20

11-3 LET’S PRACTICE

-s-es /

She loves these pearl earring__.s

21

11-3 LET’S PRACTICE

I keep all the information__ on my PDA.

/-s

-es /

22

11-4 MORE NONCOUNT NOUNS

The oil refinery creates lots of air

pollution.

23

11-4 MORE NONCOUNT NOUNS

(a) LIQUIDS

soda juice oil lemonade

24

11-4 MORE NONCOUNT NOUNS

(a) LIQUIDS

soda juice oil lemonade

SOLIDS & SEMI-SOLIDS

copper cement silver gold

25

11-4 MORE NONCOUNT NOUNS

(a) LIQUIDS

soda juice oil lemonade

SOLIDS & SEMI-SOLIDS

GASES

helium smoke oxygen

copper cement silver gold

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11-4 MORE NONCOUNT NOUNS

(b) THINGS THAT OCCUR IN NATURE

moonlight sleet fog

(c) ABSTRACTIONS

joy enthusiasm danger

27

11-4 LET’S PRACTICE

Health __ and happiness __ often go together.

/ /

-s-es /

28

11-4 LET’S PRACTICE

-s-es /

Ginny has all the luck__.Thing__ always go well for her.

/s

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11-4 LET’S PRACTICE

-s-es /

The project is going well.

We have made a lot of progress __.

Having patience __ has paid off.

/

/

30

11-5 USING SEVERAL, A LOT OF, MANY / MUCH, AND A FEW / A LITTLE

We have new furniture. We have a table and many

chairs.

31

several count nouns

COUNT NONCOUNT(a) several apples Ø

11-5 USING SEVERAL, A LOT OF, MANY / MUCH, AND A FEW / A LITTLE

32

COUNT NONCOUNTCOUNT NONCOUNT(a) several apples

(b) a lot of apples

Ø

a lot of fruit

a lot count/noncount

11-5 USING SEVERAL, A LOT OF, MANY / MUCH, AND A FEW / A LITTLE

33

COUNT NONCOUNT(a) several apples

(b) a lot of apples

(c) many apples

Ø

a lot of fruit

much fruit

many count

much noncount

11-5 USING SEVERAL, A LOT OF, MANY / MUCH, AND A FEW / A LITTLE

34

COUNT NONCOUNT(a) several apples

(b) a lot of apples

(c) many apples

(d) a few apples

Ø

a lot of fruit

much fruit

a little fruit

a few count a little noncount

11-5 USING SEVERAL, A LOT OF, MANY / MUCH, AND A FEW / A LITTLE

35

11-5 LET’S PRACTICE

CORRECTINCORRECT

I hope to get several jewelries for my birthday.

INCORRECT

I hope to get some jewelry for my birthday.CORRECT

36

11-5 LET’S PRACTICE

CORRECTINCORRECT

We need many furnitures for our new house.INCORRECT

We need a lot of furniture for our new house.CORRECT

That store has a few couches that I like.CORRECT

37

11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT

He did a lot of work today.

38

11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT

USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN

(a) The jar is made of glass.

USED AS A COUNT NOUN

(b) Do you want a glass of milk?

(c) Barb has new glasses.

39

11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT

USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN

(d) Jenn has blue hair !

USED AS A COUNT NOUN

(e) There is a hair in your food!

40

11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT

USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN

(f) These beams are made of iron.

USED AS A COUNT NOUN

(g) He bought a new iron.

41

11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT

USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN

(h) That bulb produces a lot of light.

USED AS A COUNT NOUN

(i) Please turn on the light.

42

11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT

USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN

(j) May I borrow some paper ?

USED AS A COUNT NOUN

(k) I wrote a long paper for my PhD.

(l) He reads the paper every morning.

43

11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT

USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN

(m) This homework is taking so much time.

USED AS A COUNT NOUN

(n) She’s been sick many times.

44

11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT

USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN

(o) He only did a little work today.

USED AS A COUNT NOUN

(p) Cooking for his family is a work of love.

45

11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT

USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN

(q) Brazil produces a lot of coffee.

USED AS A COUNT NOUN

(r) I’d like a coffee with cream.

46

11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT

USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN

(s) I eat a lot of chicken and fish.

USED AS A COUNT NOUN

(t) I bought one chicken and one fish.

47

11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT

USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN

(u) I have experience writing software.

USED AS A COUNT NOUN

(v) There are many experiences to enjoy when traveling.

48

11-6 LET’S PRACTICE

asome

Travis has ____ chicken as a pet.a

49

11-6 LET’S PRACTICE

a/

I like to get my hair __ cut once a month./

50

11-6 LET’S PRACTICE

timetimes

I tried to call my friend six ______.times

51

11-7 USING UNITS OF MEASURE WITH NONCOUNT NOUNS

She has a bowl of cereal, a glass of

milk, and a piece of fruit for breakfast.

52

11-7 USING UNITS OF MEASURE WITH NONCOUNT NOUNS

(a) He put some oil on the salad.

53

11-7 USING UNITS OF MEASURE WITH NONCOUNT NOUNS

(a) He put some oil on the salad.

(b) He had three drops of oil on his salad.

54

11-7 USING UNITS OF MEASURE WITH NONCOUNT NOUNS

(a) He put some oil on the salad.

(b) He had three drops of oil on his salad.

(c) He eats some toast with fruit every day.

55

11-7 USING UNITS OF MEASURE WITH NONCOUNT NOUNS

(a) He put some oil on the salad.

(b) He had three drops of oil on his salad.

(c) He eats some toast with fruit every day.

(d) He had two pieces of toast with berries.

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11-7 LET’S PRACTICE

bagbottleboxI need a _____ of vinegar.bottle

57

11-7 LET’S PRACTICE

I have a _________ of spaghetti.containerbag

bottlecontainer

58

11-7 LET’S PRACTICE

I’d like to eat a _____ of tortilla chips.bag

bagbottle

container

59

11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE

Please tell me a story.

You tell the best stories.

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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE

TO MAKE A GENERALIZATION

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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE

SINGULAR COUNT NOUNS: A/an

(a) A computer is helpful for homework.

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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE

SINGULAR COUNT NOUNS: A/an

(a) A computer is helpful for homework.(b) An orange is round.

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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE

SINGULAR COUNT NOUNS: A/an

(a) A computer is helpful for homework.(b) An orange is round.(c) A tornado can be dangerous.

64

a/an + singular count noun

11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE

generalization -any, all, in general

SINGULAR COUNT NOUNS: A/an

(a) A computer is helpful for homework.(b) An orange is round.(c) A tornado can be dangerous.

65

11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE

(d) Ø Computers are helpful for homework.

PLURAL COUNT NOUNS: Ø

66

11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE

PLURAL COUNT NOUNS: Ø

(d) Ø Computers are helpful for homework.(e) Ø Oranges are round.

67

11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE

(f) Ø Tornadoes can be dangerous.

PLURAL COUNT NOUNS: Ø

(d) Ø Computers are helpful for homework.(e) Ø Oranges are round.

plural count noun

Generalizations:no article

(Ø)

68

11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE

NONCOUNT NOUNT: Ø

(g) Ø Exercise increases energy.(h) Ø Fruit contains vitamins.(i) Children need Ø attention.

noncount noun

Generalizations:no article

(Ø)

69

11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE

TO TALK ABOUT NON-SPECIFIC PERSON(S) OR THINGS(S)

70

a + singular count noun

11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE

SINGULAR COUNT NOUNS: A/An

(j) We have a computer at home.(k) I brought an orange for dessert.(l) There was a tornado in Kansas last week.

one thing(not specific)

71

11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE

some + plural count noun

things(not specific)

PLURAL COUNT NOUNS: Some

(m) We have some computers at school.(n) I brought some oranges for dessert.(o) There were some tornadoes last week.

72

11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE

NONCOUNT NOUNS: Some

(p) I need some exercise.(q) The children would like some fruit.(r) I think the cat needs some attention.

some (Ø) +noncount

noun

Something, not specific

73

11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE

THE SPEAKER AND THE LISTENER ARE THINKING

ABOUT THE SAME SPECIFIC PERSON(S) OR THING(S)

74

the + noun

11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE

SINGULAR COUNT NOUNS: THE

(s) Do you like the computer you bought? (t) I enjoyed the orange you gave me.(u) The tornado that hit yesterday was awful.(v) The moon is full.(w) The window is open.(x) Are you in the garage?

specific person(s) or thing(s)

75

11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE

PLURAL COUNT NOUNS: THE

(y) The computers were expensive. (z) I enjoyed the oranges you gave me.(aa) The tornadoes that hit Mexico were awful.(bb) The moons of Saturn are beautiful.

the + noun

specific person(s) or thing(s)

76

11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE

NONCOUNT NOUNS: THE

(cc) The mail came early today.(dd) The fruit wasn’t ripe yet.(ee) The love of a mother is very strong.(ff) The smog is bad this year.

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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE

something specific

NONCOUNT NOUNS: THE

(cc) The mail came early today.(dd) The fruit wasn’t ripe yet.(ee) The love of a mother is very strong.(ff) The smog is bad this year.

the + noncount

noun

78

11-8 LET’S PRACTICE

Do you have ____ recipe for Mom’s lasagna?

aanthe

the

79

11-8 LET’S PRACTICE

No, but I have ___ recipe from a magazine.

aanthe

a

80

11-8 LET’S PRACTICE

Too bad. Mommakes ___ bestlasagna.

aanthe

the

81

11-8 LET’S PRACTICE

I do have ___ extra special spaghetti recipe that you might like.

aanthe

an

82

11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES

The Himalayas are in Asia.

83

11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES

(a) Ø Ms. Albert is on the phone. She is waiting to speak to Ø Dr. Simmons.

84

11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES

(a) Ø Ms. Albert is on the phone. She is waiting to speak to Ø Dr. Simmons. Ø Prime Minister Thompson was re-elected.

The titled names.

85

11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES

(b) I taught English in Ø Asia.

86

11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES

(b) I taught English in Ø Asia. Ø Australia is a large island.

87

11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES

(b) I taught English in Ø Asia. Ø Australia is a large island. Over 20% of the earth’s land is in Ø Africa.

88

11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES

(b) I taught Ø English in Asia. Ø Australia is a large island. Over 20% of the earth’s land is in Ø Africa.

The names of continents.

89

11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES

(c) Madrid is the capital of Ø Spain. Ø Chile has some beautiful mountains. Ø Madagascar is a small country.

The names of most countries.

(d) The Dominican Republic is a small country. There are windmills in the Netherlands. The United States has 50 states.

The a few countries.

90

11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES

(e) I love Ø Paris in the spring time. Ø New York has wonderful museums. We visited Ø Johannesburg last winter.

The names of cities.

91

11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES

(f) The Mississippi River is very wide. The most important river that feeds the Black

Sea is the Danube.

The rivers, oceans & seas.

(g) Ø Lake Vostok is the largest lake in the world. A large lake in Canada is Ø Lake Huron.

The names of lakes.

92

11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES

(h) We saw the Virunga Mountains in Africa. The Andes Mountains are in South America.

The names of mountain ranges.

(i) Ø Elbrus Mountain is in Russia. A beautiful mountain in Alaska is Mount Denali.

The individual mountains.

93

11-9 LET’S PRACTICE

___ Mediterranean Sea is located to the north of ___ Africa.

Øthe

TheØ

94

11-9 LET’S PRACTICE

___ Professor Keely teaches in ___ Czech Republic. She loves working in ___ Prague.

Øthe

ØØ the

95

11-9 LET’S PRACTICE

It is illegal to climb ___ Himalayasin ___ Bhutan. Ø

theØ

the

96

11-10 CAPITALIZATION

Barbara Barns studied business at Brac

University in Bangladesh.

97

11-10 CAPITALIZATION

CAPITALIZE

1. The first word of a sentence.(a) There are no clouds in the sky. It is a beautiful day.

98

11-10 CAPITALIZATION

CAPITALIZE

1. The first word of a sentence.

Capitalize = a BIG letter, not a small one

(a) There are no clouds in the sky. It is a beautiful day.

99

11-10 CAPITALIZATION

CAPITALIZE

2. The names of people.(b) Jimi Hendrix was a rock musician in the 60’s.

100

11-10 CAPITALIZATION

CAPITALIZE

3. Titles used with the names of people.(c) Dr. Gilroy lives near me. Were you in Professor Gilroy’s class?

COMPARE

I saw a professor.I saw Professor Gilroy.

101

11-10 CAPITALIZATION

CAPITALIZE

4. Months, days, holidays(d) Zoe’s birthday is in December. She was born on a Saturday. It was on New Year’s Eve.

springsummer fall/autumnwinter

notcapitalized

102

11-10 CAPITALIZATION

CAPITALIZE

5. The names of places:

(e) Ottawa is the capital city of Canada, which is in North America. It is in the provinceof Ontario.

city, state/province,country, continent

103

11-10 CAPITALIZATION

CAPITALIZE

6. The names of school courses

(f) Professor Mackey teaches my Women’s History course.

104

11-10 CAPITALIZATION

CAPITALIZE

7. The titles of books, articles, movies

(g) My favorite movie is Shirley Valentine. My favorite book is The Sweetest Dream.

105

11-10 CAPITALIZATION

CAPITALIZE

8. The names of languages and nationalities(h) I speak Spanish. I love Mexican food.

106

11-10 CAPITALIZATION

CAPITALIZE

9. The names of religions(i) Buddism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism are some of the major

religions of the world. One of my friends is a Muslim, and the other is a Buddhist.

107

11-10 LET’S PRACTICE

Should the underlined word be capitalized?

yesno

Boxing day is a holiday in canada.

108

11-10 LET’S PRACTICE

Why should the underlined word be capitalized?

first in sentencepersonholidayplace

coursebook

language

Boxing Day is a holiday in canada.

109

11-10 LET’S PRACTICE

Should the underlined word be capitalized?

yesno

Boxing Day is a holiday in canada.

110

11-10 LET’S PRACTICE

Why should the underlined word be capitalized?

first in sentencepersonholidayplace

coursebook

language

Boxing Day is a holiday in Canada.

111

11-10 LET’S PRACTICE

Should the underlined word be capitalized?

yesno

I taught information Systems 202.

112

11-10 LET’S PRACTICE

Why should the underlined word be capitalized?

I taught Information Systems 202.

first in sentencepersonholidayplace

coursebook

language

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