1 1 1 Babar TM and © Nelvana David Hitlin Caltech SLUO Annual Meeting July 6, 2004
Dec 21, 2015
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BabarTM and © Nelvana
David HitlinCaltech
SLUO Annual MeetingJuly 6, 2004
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Finding New Physics
We are all certain that there is New Physics beyond the Standard ModelFinding New Physics, and characterizing what is found, will be the main thrust of HEP activities in the next several decades
The LHC has a roleThe LC has a roleHigh intensity neutrino experiments have a roleNon-accelerator experiments have a roleHigh statistics experiments in flavor physics have a role
There is clear, specific motivation for obtaining a ~50 ab-1 data sampleThere is adequate sensitivity to isolate New Physics effectsFlavor experiments yield unique information not obtainable by other technique
The pattern of deviations from Standard Model predictions is diagnostic of the type of SUSY breaking
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The expected mass scale in MSUGRA
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BABAR and Belle have shown that the Standard Model CKM phase can account for the CP-violating asymmetry measured in b ccs decays
The origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry remains a mystery
A successful quantitative application of the Sakharov conditions requires CPV sources beyond the Standard Model
There are two approaches to an answerStipulate that the asymmetry is produced by leptogenesis – this is intriguing, speculative and hard to explore experimentally
The main thrust
Search for new CP-violating phases in the quark sectorIf SUSY is the New Physics, we know exactly where to look:
and decays
It is intriguing that this is exactly where there are current experimental anomalies in B decay
What does it take to explore this sector at a level where we can make statistically significant measurements that would unambiguously indicate the presence of New Physics ?
b sss®b uud®
_
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New CP Violating effects must be there
CP effects in the flavor sector that are not accounted for by the CKM phase must exist, and may be measurable at a Super B Factory
If they do not exist, SUSY and other models constructed with the same motivation will be ruled out, or strongly constrained
Assume that evidence for SUSY is found at the LHC or NLCA new world will open: we will be asking different experimental questionsWhat will we actually know?
The masses of some of the SUSY partners: gluino, squark, ……..Something about coupling constantsPerhaps the identity of the LSPWhen the evidence for SUSY comes from LHC, it will be important to study CPV due to loop effects of the new particles in flavor physics at the scale of 1010 to 1011 B decays
Many of the interesting branching fractions are very smallMany measurements depend on the “recoil method” – unique to e+e- B Factories - to reduce background or get a kinematic handle on decays with missing neutrinos
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Many SM extensions yield measurable effects in B physics
Little Higgs wMFV UV fix
Extra dim wSM on brane
SupersoftSUSY breakingDirac gauginos
SM-like B physics New Physics in B data
MSSMMFV
low tan
Generic Little Higgs
Generic extra dim w SM in bulk
SUSY GUTs
Effective SUSY
MSSMMFV
large tan
after G. Hiller
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Effects of SUSY breaking on CPV in flavor physics
Specific SUSY-breaking models produce specific CPV patterns Many of the models on the market generate specific, calculable CP-violating effects in hadronic and rare B decaysOther extensions (extra dimensions, Little Higgs,….) have the same sorts of effects, although they often have distinguishable patternsIn order to exploit CP violation as a tool to search for physics beyond the Standard Model we must do two things:
Achieve the highest meaningful precision on CPV () measurements of the B unitarity triangle
This requires several x 10 ab-1
Measure and CP-violating (and sometimes CP-conserving) asymmetries and kinematic distributions in very rare decays with branching fractions of <<10-5, both inclusive and exclusiveThese are decay modes such as where we have at present only a handful of events
0B K + -®
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Randall-Sundrum Standard Model
Warped extra dimensions yield striking signatures in B decay
SM 1 (1)Bsm O
SMBsm(1)O
2c
sin 2 (0.2) O
( )b s B
(1)O
(1)O
sin 2
SMB
2(sin 2 , )sc
b
m
m
2(sin 2 , )dc
b
m
m
Bsm
d SS B K
( )sS B yf®
( )*, ,d sS B K f g®
SM 1 (1)B O
( )*, ,d sS B Kr g®
Agashe, Perez, Soni hep-ph/0406101
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-1 .5
-1
-0 .5
0
0 .5
1
1 .5
-1 0 1 2
|V /V |u b cb
| | K
1 m s
m d
m d
s in 2
s in 2
Improve calculations of |Vub|, |Vcb|,
Lattice
Improving precision of the B Unitarity Triangle
Measure sides and angles of the Unitarity Triangle to best possible precision
Improve measurements of |Vub| and |Vcb|essentially independent of new physicsSuper B Factory using the recoil technique
Measure ms
Hadron machine
Improve measurement of md
Super B Factory
Measure sin2Super B Factory using 00
Measure sin2eff
Super B FactoryHadron machine
Measure Super B FactoryHadron machine
Measure sin2Super B FactoryHadron machine
Test to ~5%
ˆ ,KB ˆ ˆ/s s d d
B B B BB f B fx=
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Projected uncertainties in lattice QCD calculations are a good match to projected measurement uncertainties
Lattice uncertainty projections – R. Sugar (LQCDEC)
Lattice QCD Uncertainty (%)
Quantity Now 1-2 years 5-8 years3-5 years
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Measurement precision of a Super B Factory experiment
The following tables summarize the precision that can be achieved at a Super B factory experiment with data samples of 3, 10 and 50 ab-1 in several areas:
Unitarity triangle measurementsSidesAngles
CP asymmetries in rare decaysRare decay branching fractions Kinematic distributions in rare decays
The tables include estimates of The size of New Physics effectsThe precision of Standard Model predictions
Comparisons with hadronic accelerator B experiments (LHCb, BTeV)
Key
no published difficult or impossible estimate at a hadron experiment
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Measurement precision – sides of the Unitarity Triangle
Unitarity Triangle - Sides e+e- Precision 1 YearPrecision
Measurement Goal 3/ab 10/ab 50/ab LHCb BTeV
Vub (inclusive) syst =5-6% 2% 1.3%
Vub (exclusive) () syst=3% 5.5% 3.2%
Vcb (inclusive)
Vcb (exclusive)
fb (B) SM: ~5x10-7 15%
fb (B) SM: ~2-3x10-6 15%
fb (B) SM: ~5x10-5 3.3 6
Vtd /Vts ( Theory 12% ~3% ~1%
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Measurement precision – angles of the Unitarity Triangle
Unitarity Triangle - Angles e+e- Precision 1 Year Precision
Measurement 3/ab 10/ab 50/ab LHCb BTeV
SBR’s isospin) 6.7 3.9 2.1
() (Isospin, Dalitz) (syst 3) 3, 2.3 1.6, 1.3 1, 0.6 2.5 -5 4
() (penguin, isospin) (stat+syst) 2.9 1.5 0.72
(J/ KS) (all modes) 0.6 0.34 0.18 0.57 0.49
(BD(*)K) (ADS) 2-3 ~10 <13
(all methods) 1.2-2
Theory: ~5%, ~ 1% ~0.1%
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A projection to 2010 by the CKM Fitter group
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The Unitarity Triangle – is there room for New Physics?
The usual Unitarity Triangle (B triangle) is only one of six such relationsIt has been the most extensively studied because it is the most sensitive to Standard Model CP violationIt may be sensitive to new physics that violates CKM unitarity, since it can be studied with the highest experimental (and theoretical) precision
The B UT is sensitive to bd and sd transitions, but not particularly to bsThese processes are used precisely because they are the cleanest in the Standard Model, so it is difficult for New Physics to compete with them
Thus increases in experimental precision of the B UT, which are certainly warranted, especially in view of expected improvements in the precision of lattice QCD calculations, are not the most likely to be the most direct approach to study new flavor physics
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A better probe of new physics
1) Measure the CP asymmetry in modes other than that measure sin2 in the Standard Model
Precision of benchmark sin2 in can improve to the ~1% levelExpect the same value for “sin2 ” in “but different SUSY models can produce different asymmetriesA great deal of luminosity is required to make these measurements to meaningful precision
0 0/ SB J Ky®
, ,b ccs b ccd b sss® ® ®
0 0/ SB J Ky®
* *2
* *( 1) itb td cb cs
treetb td cb cs
q A V V V Ve
p A V V V Vbl h -= = = -
* *2
* *( 1) itb td tb ts
penguintb td tb ts
q A V V V Ve
p A V V V Vbl h -= = = -
0 0SB Kf®
0 0/ SB J Ky®
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Gluino contribution to BKS
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Mass insertion approximation: model-independent
KS BABAR (now)
KS 30 ab-1
The scale of New Physics
Ciuchini, Franco, Martinelli, Masiero, & Silvestrini
23 mass insertion13 mass insertion
ACP (J/ KS-0KS) ACP (J/ KS-KS)
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Measurement precision – rare B decays
Rare Decays – New Physics – CPV e+e- Precision 1 Year Precision
Measurement Goal* 3/ab 10/ab 50/ab LHCb BTeV
S(B0KS) Difference
between S in these modes and
S(B0JKS)
is < ~5%
16% 8.7% 3.9%
S(B0KS+KL) - -
S(B'Ks )5.7% 3% 1% - -
S(BKs) 8.2% 5% 4% (?) - -
S(BKs) 11.4% 6% 4% (?) - -
ACP (bs SM: <0.5% 2.4% 1% 0.5% (?) - -
ACP(BK*) SM: <0.5% 0.59% 0.32% 0.14% - -
CPV in mixing (|q/p|) <0.6% - -
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Measurement precision – rare decays
Rare Decays – New Physics e+e- Precision 1 Year Precision
Measurement Goal 3/ab 10/ab 50/ab LHCb BTeV
bd / (bs - -
BD(*)) SM: : 8x10-3 10.2% 5.6% 2.5% - -
Bs) (K-,0, K*-,0)
1 exclusive mode: ~4x10-6
~3 - -
Binvisible) <2x10-6 <1x10-6 <4x10-7 - -
Bd ) - - 1-2evt 1-2evt
Bd ) - - - -
) <5x10-7 - -
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Measurement precision - s+-
New Physics – K+-, s+- e+e- Precision 1 YearPrecision
Measurement 3/ab 10/ab 50/ab LHCb BTeV
(BK/(BKe+e-) ~8% ~4% ~2%
ACP(BK* +-) (all) (high mass)
~6%
~12%
~3%
~6%
~1.5
~3%
~1.5%
~3%
~2%
~4%
AFB(BK*+-) : s0
AFB(BK*l+l-) : ACP
~20% ~9% 9% ~12%
AFB(Bs+-) : ŝ0
AFB (Bsl+l-) : C9 , C10
~27%36-55%
~15%20-30%
~7%9-13%
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Physics summary
A Super B Factory can provide a wide variety of measurements having the potential to show New Physics effects
It can demonstrate that there are effects in rare B decays that cannot be accounted for in the Standard ModelThrough a series of measurements in different processes, and through an interplay with the LHC and LC, we can learn the details of the New Physics in the flavor sector
Bd unitarity
ms
ACP
BKs
B Ms indirect CP
bs direct CP
mSUGRA closed small small small small small
SU(5) SUSY GUT + R (degenerate)
closed large small small small small
SU(5) SUSY GUT + R (non-degenerate)
closed small large large large small
U(2) Flavor symmetry large large large large large sizable
Unitarity triangle
Rare decays
Okada – SLAC 1036 Workshop
If the New Physics is SUSY, Super B can determine the type of SUSY-breaking from the pattern of effects
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Projecting Physics ReachProjecting Physics Reach
Working assumptionsLHCb starts in January 2008 with 50% of design for 2 years, achieving design in January 2010
BTEV starts in January 2010 with 50% of design for 2 years.achieving design in January 2012 (does not included effect of staging)
Super B Factory
October 2011 = 2.5x1035 (50% of design) (as with PEP-II)October 2012 = 5x1035
October 2013 = 7x1035 (replacement of inner SVT by thin pixel device and complete installation of 952MHz RF)
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Tagged sample projections for K0Eff
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Error Projections for K0Err
or
on
sin
e a
mp
litu
de
PEP-II, KEKB
Super B Factory 10/2011
SuperBLHCbBTEV
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1.00E+03
2.00E+03
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(S) int
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mp
litu
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PEP-II, KEKB Super B Factory 10/2011
SuperBLHCbBTEV
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even
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or
on
delt
a [
deg
rees]
SuperB
PEP-II, KEKB Super B Factory 10/2011
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PEP-II, KEKB Super B Factory 10/2011
SuperB
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PEP-II, KEKB Super B Factory 10/2011
SuperB
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Conclusions
Prospects of a Super B Factory initiative rest on its discovery potentialThis potential has generated much interest – SLAC Workshops in May & Oct 03
At a 10 ab-1/year machine, B Unitarity Triangle-related measurements will be brought to exquisite precision
There may yet be new physics effects in the classical UT. Theory errors will be reduced, motivating improved measurements
At 10-50 ab-1, there is interesting sensitivity to New Physics effect in CPV, rare decays BR’s and kinematic distributions
In many cases, SM predictions are sufficiently under control as to motivate these highly sensitive measurementsSUSY (meant generically) effects on B and physics are measurableThe pattern of New Physics effects in the flavor sector is diagnostic of the type of SUSY-breakingThe prize is new sources of CP violation
The Bottom Line: Can SUSY CPV account for the matter-antimatter asymmetry? In some SUSY-breaking models, the answer is Yes.
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The Proceedings of the May/October 2003 Workshop will The Proceedings of the May/October 2003 Workshop will be ready by the end of Julybe ready by the end of July
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EXTRA SLIDESEXTRA SLIDES
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The “Snowmass Year” was defined in 1988, based on data from CESR/CLEO:
1 Snowmass Year = 107 s
The Snowmass Year factor is meant to account forThe difference between peak and average luminosityAccelerator and detector uptimeDeadtime………………………..
PEP-II performance April 2003-April 2004 (Dec 03 Trickle LER, Feb 04 Trickle HER)
Given the excellent performance of PEP-II/BABAR and KEK-B/Belle, and the advent of trickle injection, the modern B factory Snowmass Year constant is 1.4 x 107
Thus PEAK = 1036cm-2s-1 is not required to integrate 10 ab-1/year ; it can be done with 7 x 1035cm-2s-1
The New Snowmass Year
2 1PEAK
1Year
(cm s ) SnowmassYear (s)dt - -= ´ò e eL L
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Unitarity Triangle - Sides e+e- Precision 1 YearPrecision
Measurement Goal 3/ab 10/ab 50/ab LHCb BTeV
Vub (inclusive) syst =5-6% 2% 1.3%
Vub (exclusive) () syst=3% 5.5% 3.2%
Vcb (inclusive)
Vcb (exclusive)
fb (B) SM: ~5x10-7 15%
fb (B) SM: ~5x10-6 15%
fb (B) SM: ~5x10-5 3.3 6
Vtd /Vts ( Theory 12% ~3% ~1%
Measurement precision – sides of the Unitarity Triangle
Grinstein and Pirjol
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Unitarity Triangle - Sides e+e- Precision 1 YearPrecision
Measurement Goal 3/ab 10/ab 50/ab LHCb BTeV
Vub (inclusive) syst =5-6% 2% 1.3%
Vub (exclusive) () syst=3% 5.5% 3.2%
Vcb (inclusive)
Vcb (exclusive)
fb (B) SM: ~5x10-7 15%
fb (B) SM: ~5x10-6 15%
fb (B) SM: ~5x10-5 3.3 6
Vtd /Vts ( Theory 12% ~3% ~1%
Measurement precision – sides of the Unitarity Triangle
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Unitarity Triangle - Angles e+e- Precision 1 Year Precision
Measurement 3/ab 10/ab 50/ab LHCb BTeV
SBR’s isospin) 6.7 3.9 2.1 - -
() (Isospin, Dalitz) (syst 3) 3, 2.3 1.6, 1.3 1, 0.6 2.5 -5 4
() (penguin, isospin) (stat+syst) 2.9 1.5 0.72
(J/ KS) (all modes) 0.3 0.17 0.09 0.57 0.49
(BD(*)K) (ADS) 2-3 ~10 <13
(all methods) 1.2-2
Measurement precision – angles of the Unitarity Triangle
(radians)(radians)
dt = 2 ab-1 dt = 10 ab-1
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Unitarity Triangle - Angles e+e- Precision 1 Year Precision
Measurement 3/ab 10/ab 50/ab LHCb BTeV
SBR’s isospin) 6.7 3.9 2.1 - -
() (Isospin, Dalitz) (syst 3) 3, 2.3 1.6, 1.3 1, 0.6 2.5 -5 4
() (penguin, isospin) (stat+syst) 2.9 1.5 0.72
(J/ KS) (all modes) 0.3 0.17 0.09 0.57 0.49
(BD(*)K) (ADS) 2-3 ~10 <13
(all methods) 1.2-2
Measurement precision – angles of the Unitarity Triangle
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Rare Decays – New Physics – CPV e+e- Precision 1 Year Precision
Measurement Goal 3/ab 10/ab 50/ab LHCb BTeV
S(B0KS) SM: <0.25% 16% 8.7% 3.9% 16 ?? 7 ??
S(B0KS+KL) SM: <0.25% - -
S(B'Ks )SM: <0.3% 5.7% 3% 1% - -
S(BKs) SM: <0.2% 8.2% 5% 4% (?) - -
S(BKs) SM: <0.1% 11.4% 6% 4% (?) - -
ACP (bs SM: <0.5% 2.4% 1% 0.5% (?) - -
ACP(BK*) SM: <0.5% 0.59% 0.32% 0.14% - -
CPV in mixing (|q/p|) <0.6% - -
Measurement precision - rare B decays
02
00( ) |1 | 0.79 0.07( )
S EW
S
B K PR PB Kpp-
G ®= @ - = ±G ®Theoretical valueof the ratio
is significantly smaller thanin the data: R00
exp =1.18 0.17 (2.1R00exp =1.18 0.17 (2.1
= +0.1 in SM
393939
BabarTM and © Nelvana
Rare Decays – New Physics – CPV e+e- Precision 1 Year Precision
Measurement Goal 3/ab 10/ab 50/ab LHCb BTeV
S(B0KS) SM: <0.25% 16% 8.7% 3.9% 16 ?? 7 ??
S(B0KS+KL) SM: <0.25% - -
S(B'Ks )SM: <0.3% 5.7% 3% 1% - -
S(BKs) SM: <0.2% 8.2% 5% 4% (?) - -
S(BKs) SM: <0.1% 11.4% 6% 4% (?) - -
ACP (bs SM: <0.5% 2.4% 1% 0.5% (?) - -
ACP(BK*) SM: <0.5% 0.59% 0.32% 0.14% - -
CPV in mixing (|q/p|) <0.6% - -
Measurement precision - rare B decays
404040
BabarTM and © Nelvana
Rare Decays – New Physics – CPV e+e- Precision 1 Year Precision
Measurement Goal 3/ab 10/ab 50/ab LHCb BTeV
S(B0KS) SM: <0.25% 16% 8.7% 3.9% 16 ?? 7 ??
S(B0KS+KL) SM: <0.25% - -
S(B'Ks )SM: <0.3% 5.7% 3% 1% - -
S(BKs) SM: <0.2% 8.2% 5% 4% (?) - -
S(BKs) SM: <0.1% 11.4% 6% 4% (?) - -
ACP (bs SM: <0.5% 2.4% 1% 0.5% (?) - -
ACP(BK*) SM: <0.5% 0.59% 0.32% 0.14% - -
CPV in mixing (|q/p|) <0.6% - -
Measurement precision - rare B decays
414141
BabarTM and © Nelvana
Rare Decays – New Physics e+e- Precision 1 Year Precision
Measurement Goal 3/ab 10/ab 50/ab LHCb BTeV
bd / (bs - -
BD(*)) SM: : 8x10-3 10.2% 5.6% 2.5% - -
Bs) (K-,0, K*-,0)
1 exclusive mode: ~4x10-6
~3 - -
Binvisible) <2x10-6 <1x10-6 <4x10-7 - -
Bd ) - - 1-2 1-2
Bd ) - - - -
) <5x10-7 - -
Measurement precision – rare decays
Masiero, Vempati, Vives
424242
BabarTM and © Nelvana
Rare Decays – New Physics e+e- Precision 1 Year Precision
Measurement Goal 3/ab 10/ab 50/ab LHCb BTeV
bd / (bs - -
BD(*)) SM: : 8x10-3 10.2% 5.6% 2.5% - -
Bs) (K-,0, K*-,0)
1 exclusive mode: ~4x10-6
~3 - -
Binvisible) <2x10-6 <1x10-6 <4x10-7 - -
Bd ) - - 1-2 1-2
Bd ) - - - -
) <10-8 - -
Measurement precision – rare decays
Belle
434343
BabarTM and © Nelvana
New Physics – K+-, s+- e+e- Precision 1 YearPrecision
Measurement 3/ab 10/ab 50/ab LHCb BTeV
(BK/(BKe+e-) ~8% ~4% ~2%
ACP(BK* l+l-) (all) (high mass)
~6%
~12%
~3%
~6%
~1.5
~3%
~1.5%
~3%
~2%
~4%
AFB(BK*l+l-) : s0
AFB(BK*l+l-) : ACP
~20% ~9% 9% ~12%
AFB(Bsl+l-) : ŝ0
AFB (Bsl+l-) : C9 , C10
~27%36-55%
~15%20-30%
~7%9-13%
Measurement precision - s+-
Hiller and Krüger
444444
BabarTM and © Nelvana
New Physics – K+-, s+- e+e- Precision 1 YearPrecision
Measurement 3/ab 10/ab 50/ab LHCb BTeV
(BK/(BKe+e-) ~8% ~4% ~2%
ACP(BK* l+l-) (all) (high mass)
~6%
~12%
~3%
~6%
~1.5
~3%
~1.5%
~3%
~2%
~4%
AFB(BK*+-) : s0
AFB(BK*l+l-) : ACP
~20% ~9% 9% ~12%
AFB(Bsl+l-) : ŝ0
AFB (Bsl+l-) : C9 , C10
~27%36-55%
~15%20-30%
~7%9-13%
Measurement precision - s+-