1-05 Management Thoughts

Management thoughts

Empirical or case approachStudies experience through cases . Identifies

success and failure.Situations are all different .no attempts to

identify principles .limited values for developing management theory.

To find out the problem and to identify the steps to solve the problems and to give an appropriate solution to the problem.

Case approach

es

Case situatio

n

success

Why ?

failure

Managerial approachOriginal study consists of observations of chief

executives on the basis of the studyManagerial roles were identified and grouped into -- interpersonal---informational---decision roles.Activities are evidence of planning , staffing,

leading ,and controlling.Some important managerial activities are the

requirement of the managerial skills.

Informational roleDecision rolesInterpersonal role

Contingency or situational approachManagerial practice dependence on the

circumstances .contingency or situation recognizes the influence of given solutions on organizational behavior patterns

Managers have long realized that there is no one best way for doing things.

Difficulty in determining all relevant contingency factors and showing their relationship can be very complex.

It highlights how to face the unexpected circumstances and how to take a decision .

It highlights the cause and effect relationship.

contingency

effectcause

situation

Management science approach or mathematical approachManagement is seen as mathematical

processes. Concepts, symbols , and models.It expresses management as in mathematical

symbols and relationshipPreoccupation with mathematical models.It deals the techniques .

A B C

D

Decision theory approachIt focus on making decisions . Persons or

groups making decisions and the decision making process.

Some theorists use decision making process as to study all enterprises activities.

There is more to managing than making decisions

Decision theory

Individual decision making

Group decision making

Information of decision

Entire area of business activities

Value decisio

n makin

g

Process of

decisionmaki

ng

Nature of organisatio

n

organizational decisio

n making

Reengineering approachFundamental rethinking process analysis

radical redesigning dramatic results.Neglect of external environment ,possibly

ignoring customers needsNeglect of human needs ignores total.

management systems as in the management process

It highlights on the transformation of the raw materials into a finished product by using different techniques indulged in producing a product

inputs

transfor

mation

output

OPERATIONS

Systems approachSystems approach have broad applicability.

Systems have boundaries .but they also interact with the external environment .

Organizations are open systems.Recognizes importance of studying

interrelatedness of planning, organizing ,and controlling in an organization .

It highlights on the organizational systems to be followed in the company depending on the companies objectives and the expansion of the business.

CEO

Director HR Director finance

Director marketing

Group behavioral approachEmphasis on behavior people in

groups .based on sociology and social psychology.

The study of large groups is often called as organization behavior

It often integrates with management concepts ,principals, theory and techniques.

Need for closer integration with organization structure design. Staffing, planning and controlling.

Study of a group and group interactions.

A

B

C

D

Interpersonal behavior approachOn interpersonal behavior ,human

relation ,leadership , and motivation , based on individual psychology .

Ignores planning, organizing, and controlling .

Psychological training is not enough to become an effective manager

focus on study

A B

Total quality management approachDependable satisfying products and servicesConformance to quality requirementsProducts and services that is fit for use Continuous improvement attention to

detailed teamworkQuality educationFocus on consumer needs, quality products ,

and services concern for quality and cost

A

B

C

Team work

Management approach operational approachDraws together the

concepts ,principles ,techniques, and knowledge form the other field and management approaches .

The attempt is to develop science and theory with practical application .

Distinguishes between managerial and non managerial knowledge.

Develops classification systems built around the managerial functions of planning, organizing ,staffing , leading and controlling.

Draw knowledge from approaches above

Integrates the approaches with science and theory in practical

Operational approach