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IEA, Parker & Sweatman, Slide 1
6th IEA Wellbore Integrity Network Meeting
Session 3: Projects and Practical Experiences
CO2 EOR Well Remediation
M.E. Parker, ExxonMobil and R.E. Sweatman, Halliburton
American Petroleum Institute CCS Task Force
6th IEA Wellbore Integrity Network Meeting
28-29 April, 2010 Palace Hotel Noordwijk, The Netherlands
IEA, Parker & Sweatman, Slide 2
Great Success!Great Success!
• 40 years of experience40 years of experience• Safe and environmentally friendly• Large scale operations• Large scale operations
• 655 Millions of tons CO2 geo-sequestered
6th IEA Wellbore Integrity Network Meeting
CO2 EOR Facility in Carmito, MexicoSeparates, Compresses, Distributes CO2
IEA, Parker & Sweatman, Slide 3
CO2 Injection ProjectsCO2 Injection Projects
I d t h f i i j ti CO2 i titiIndustry has years of experience injecting CO2 in quantities comparable to that produced from a large coal-fired power plant.
25000
O2
15000
20000
of In
ject
ed C
O No EOR; Captured CO2
EOR; Captured CO2
EOR; Geologically Sourced CO2
500 MW Coal-fired Electric Power Plant Emissions
5000
10000
Tons
/day
o
0
Sleipn
er
In Sala
hSalt
Cree
k/Mon
ell
Wey
burn
Rangle
y
Semino
le
Sacroc
Wasso
n
6th IEA Wellbore Integrity Network Meeting
SaCO2 Injection Projects
IEA, Parker & Sweatman, Slide 4
HSE PerformanceHSE Performance
• More than 15 000 wells (94% in world)• More than 15,000 wells (94% in world)• Monitored, measured, verified,
A d d t d f 4 d d• And documented–for 4 decades• Operational flow incident frequency rate:
estimated 0 0087% of wells per year estimated 0.0087% of wells per year • No significant leakage issues
S di i l k di t d• Sporadic, minor leaks remediated
6th IEA Wellbore Integrity Network Meeting
IEA, Parker & Sweatman, Slide 5
CCS and CO2 EOR StudiesCCS and CO2 EOR Studies
Simulated geochemical conditions in laboratory tests of pH values vs. time (GCCC/BEG/UT) show higher than expected pH conditions due to buffering by
reservoir fluids and formation surfaces
6th IEA Wellbore Integrity Network Meeting
IEA, Parker & Sweatman, Slide 6
Well and Reservoir IntegrityWell and Reservoir Integrity
b hi d i i i k l i i f il (f l /fbehind casing communications, caprock seal integrity failure (faults/fracturesperforated interval flow-control, and CO2 mobility control for sweep efficiency
6th IEA Wellbore Integrity Network Meeting
IEA, Parker & Sweatman, Slide 9
Remediation• Challenge: Re Plugging old wells • Challenge: Re-Plugging old wells
– Old P&A standards may not meet needs for CO2 EOR or CCS
• Solution:– Standard wellbores: re-enter drill out old plugs clean wellbore to – Standard wellbores: re-enter, drill out old plugs, clean wellbore to
adequate depth, MIT & diagnostic logs, re-plug with cement, re-test each
– Non-standard (sub-grade pipe, cement, etc) wellbores: re-enter, drill out old plugs, clean wellbore to required depth, MIT + logs, run wireline out old plugs, clean wellbore to required depth, MIT logs, run wireline pipe inspection, mill out damaged casing in required intervals, plug cement at milled-out intervals & those in regulations, re-test each (bottoms up)
6th IEA Wellbore Integrity Network Meeting
IEA, Parker & Sweatman, Slide 10
Remediation• Challenge: Tubing and Casing Leaks• Challenge: Tubing and Casing Leaks
– May occur in old and new wells
• Solution:– Diagnostics to pinpoint detection: pressure communications, MIT, pipe
inspection logs, pulsed neutron or other logs, downhole camera, etc– Repair: pull/replace-or-repair/re-run/re-test pipe or squeeze
• Pinpoint leak flow path in fracture or fault between wells– Design/Execute
• If needed, coil-tubing drilling into leak pathIf needed, coil tubing drilling into leak path• Treatments (squeeze sealants)
– CO2 resistant cement squeezes or gel-cement stages squeezed– CO2 resistant chemical sealants: gels, resins, etc
– Repeat diagnostics to validate success: sealed leak for CO2 sweep & p g 2 pcontainment
Inter-well communication outside the injection pattern due to fractures
Well 5 Well 3 Well 4 Well 1 Well 2
Tansill, Yates, Seven Rivers
971’
1,980’
Well 5 Well 3 Well 4 Well 1 Well 2Well 5 Well 3 Well 4 Well 1 Well 2
Tansill, Yates, Seven Rivers
971’
1,980’
the injection pattern due to fractures
Glorietta
San Andres2,807’
3,100’
3 700’Glorietta
San Andres2,807’
3,100’
3 700’
6th IEA Wellbore Integrity Network Meeting
Wichita Albany
Clearfork3,700’
4,840’Wichita Albany
Clearfork3,700’
4,840’
IEA, Parker & Sweatman, Slide 13
Remediation• Challenge:• Challenge:
– Injection/production perforation-flow profile control (sweep efficiency)
• Solution:A l di ti t l ( d li i i i d f ti WL – Apply diagnostic tools (modeling, seismic, micro-deformation, WL logs, etc)
– Design/Execute:• Treatments (squeeze sealants)
t t l f t l– CO2 resistant cement squeezes to seal perf tunnels– CO2 resistant chemical sealants (gels, resins, etc) to seal perm
• Mechanical devices: flow control valves, etc to control flow into perfs
– Repeat diagnostic monitoring to confirm success
Gel system shuts offCO2 breakthrough
CO2 breakthrough
6th IEA Wellbore Integrity Network Meeting
IEA, Parker & Sweatman, Slide 14
Remediation• Challenge: CO2 mobility control for sweep efficiency
• Solution:A l di ti t l (M d li i i i d f ti WL l – Apply diagnostic tools (Modeling, seismic, micro-deformation, WL logs, etc)
• Predict or identify poor sweep efficiency– Design/Execute
• Treatments of injected CO with co injectants and/or fluid stages • Treatments of injected CO2 with co-injectants and/or fluid stages – Mobility control agents: gels, foam, etc– Materials to improve miscibility, reduce friction pressure, etc– Stages of treated fluids between stages of CO2: WAG, etc
– Repeat diagnostic monitoring to validate sweep improvementsRepeat diagnostic monitoring to validate sweep improvements
6th IEA Wellbore Integrity Network Meeting
IEA, Parker & Sweatman, Slide 15
ConclusionsConclusions
• O&G experience is relevant• O&G experience is relevant– Technologies
S l f i j ti– Scale of injection– Isolation integrity
6th IEA Wellbore Integrity Network Meeting
IEA, Parker & Sweatman, Slide 16
ConclusionsConclusions
• API best practices• Current projects prove the point