Bringing Agriculture to the Table • September 19, 2011 September 19, 2011 1 Bringing Agriculture to the Table How Agriculture and Food Can Play a Role in Preventing Chronic Disease Rachel Nugent, PhD, Chair Prepared for the United Nations High-Level Meeting on Non-Communicable Disease Prevention and Control
09192011
Dec 16, 2014
A new report released by The Chicago Council on Global Affairs calls on the agriculture and food sectors to play a role in mitigating the global rise in noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Bringing Agriculture to the Table: How Agriculture and Food Policy can Play a Role in Preventing Chronic Disease (PDF), which was presented before this morning’s opening of the UN High-Level Meeting on NCDs, identifies new opportunities for those in heath and agriculture to work together to promote better health. The report was prepared by Dr. Rachel Nugent, University of Washington and project chair for the Chicago Council. The project was guided by an advisory panel of noted agriculture and health experts from academia, private sector and international organizations.
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Bringing Agriculture to the Table • September 19, 2011September 19, 20111
Bringing Agriculture to the TableHow Agriculture and Food Can Play a Role in Preventing Chronic Disease
Rachel Nugent, PhD, Chair
Prepared for the United Nations High-Level Meeting on Non-Communicable Disease Prevention and Control
Bringing Agriculture to the Table • September 19, 2011September 19, 2011
“Plans of action [should] strengthen measures in various sectors to improve nutrition through governmental mechanisms at all levels…and in collaboration with nongovernmental organizations and the private sector.” – World Health Assembly 46.7, 3-14 May 1993
“High priority should be given to influence patterns of diet and physical activity for effective prevention of non-communicable diseases. Intersectoral collaboration…should be encouraged. Such policy should encompass broad measures involving different sectors.” – World Health Assembly A55/16, 27 March 2002
The Time is Now
“Member States [should] give the highest priority to stimulating permanent multisectoral coordination of nutrition policies and programs and to preventing malnutrition.” – World Health Assembly 31.47, 8-24 May 1978
Bringing Agriculture to the Table • September 19, 20113
Male Female
NCDs kill people at a younger age in developing countries
Age-standardized deaths per 100,000 from cardiovascular disease
Source: WHO, 2008
Burkina Faso
Bangladesh Brazil U.K.0
100
200
300
400
500
Age-standardized deaths per 100,000 from cardiovascular disease and diabetes
The highest increases in NCDs are expected in Africa, South-East Asia, and the Southern Mediterranean—an over 20 percent increase expected by 2020.
Source: WHO, 2010
Bringing Agriculture to the Table • September 19, 20114
The economic burden of NCDs will overwhelm health systems and slow economic growth
NCDCOSTS
Health spending on diabetes ranges from 6% of all health costs in China to 15% in Mexico Source: P. Zhang, et al, 2010
Each 10% increase in NCD burden is associated with a 0.5% reduction in annual economic growthSource: WHO
23 high burden countries are projected to lose $84 billion in GDP between 2005-2015 from 3 NCDsSource: Abegunde, et al, 2007
NCDs will cost more than $47 trillion globally between now and 2030Source: D. Bloom, 2011
Bringing Agriculture to the Table • September 19, 20115
● Dietary contributors to NCDs: • Insufficient intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains• Excess intake of salt, saturated fat, and trans-fatty acids
● Lead to:• High blood pressure, high cholesterol • Overweight and obesity
Poor nutrition contributes to poor health
About 44% of all diabetes cases,
23% of heart diseases,
and 7 to 14% of cancers are related to
overweight and obesity
Roughly half of all deaths from stroke
and heart disease are attributed to high
blood pressure
Bringing Agriculture to the Table • September 19, 20116
Multiple stakeholders in the agriculture and food supply chain
Production Agriculture and Aquaculture
Food Wholesaling and Retailing
Secondary Food Storage and Processing
Primary Food Storage, Processing and Distribution
Food Marketing
Source: WHO
Bringing Agriculture to the Table • September 19, 20117
Across geographies, cultures, and populations, common principles guide food supply quality
• Diversify, emphasizing fruits, vegetables, quality carbohydrates, nuts, fish, and healthy oils
• Limit processed foods, sugar-sweetened beverages, and industrial trans fat and salt
• Limit energy-intensive food, such as dairy and meat
Bringing Agriculture to the Table • September 19, 2011September 19, 2011
Avenues of Change:
GovernanceFinancingPolicyResearch and EducationTechnologyPersonal Behavior
Bringing Agriculture to the Table • September 19, 2011
Key recommendations at a glance
Donors: Should assess structural and programmatic opportunities for linked programming among agriculture, nutrition, and health
National governments: Use fiscal, trade, and regulatory instruments to improve food quality where proven effective
International organizations: Should supplement and incentivize countries through development loans and technical assistance that align agriculture and health
Agri-food Businesses: Should develop and manage agriculture food value chains to produce maximum health benefit
Consumers and their representatives: Actively seek and work with agriculture and food companies to build political will for policy change and address consumer needs for affordable healthy options
National governments
businessesDonors
Consumers and their
representatives
International organizations
Agri– food
National governments
International organizations
businessesAgri– food
Consumers and theirrepresentatives
Donors
Bringing Agriculture to the Table • September 19, 201110
Tools for agriculture to improve health
Agriculture and FoodValue Chain Approaches
A value chain reveals social, environmental and health benefits in the production process.EXAMPLES:
• New product formulation and cold chain innovations to reach people at the bottom of the pyramid• Build capacity into local food chains to
raise quality and lower price
Mutual Metrics
Mutual metrics are results indicators shared between agriculture and health. EXAMPLES:
• Volume of fresh fruits and vegetables timely delivered to consumer markets • Substitution of healthier oils for palm oil
in processed foods
Bringing Agriculture to the Table • September 19, 201111
Agriculture can improve health by…
Partnering for New Programs and Policies
EXAMPLES:
• Limit marketing to children and reduce sodium and fat content in products. Report progress to the public and WHO
• Partner with companies in the developing world to help small food processors produce safe, nutritious, affordable food products
Creating New Policy for a Healthy Food Supply
EXAMPLES:
• Voluntary or mandatory reductions in salt and trans fat content of foods
• Limitations on sales and marketing of high-sugar products to children
• Calorie information on restaurant menus
Bringing Agriculture to the Table • September 19, 2011September 19, 2011
“Through the actions of multisectoral governing institutions in place at the UN and in numerous member countries, and the inclusion in the new MDGs of mutual metrics that align agriculture and health objectives, the world has surpassed the WHO target of reducing NCD mortality by 2.5 percent per annum.– Resolution passed for the UN High-Level Meeting to assess progress in preventing and combating NCDs, September 2025
We Can all Play a Role
“Effective NCD prevention and control require leadership and multisectoral approaches for health at the government level, including, as appropriate, health in all policies and whole-of-government approaches.” – Draft political outcome document, September 2011
Bringing Agriculture to the Table • September 19, 2011September 19, 2011
thechicagocouncil.org/HealthyAgandNCD