09 f smeets

4TH MERIAL FORUM

HAVE WE GOT PCVD &

SWINE INFLUENZA UNDER

CONTROL?

PCVD session 3

Moderator: Dr Thaïs Vila

• PCVD in 2012: a special focus on sub clinical forms, Pr. J. Segalés

• CIRCOVAC piglet vaccination: successful field experience in Spain, Dr A. Finestra

• PCVD control in 2012: how to design the best PCV2 vaccination programme? Drs F. Smeets & G. Perreul

How to choose the best PCV2 vaccination plan?

Dr Frédéric SMEETS, SELAS « La Hunaudaye »

Dr Jean-Bernard HERIN, Merial France

Dr Guillaume PERREUL, Merial France

Dr Benoit BOIVENT, Merial France

The team…

• Frédéric works as veterinarian

• for pig farmers members of the most important French cooperative

• 5,7 millions pigs sold/year (24% of national production)

• French technical and marketing Merial team

THE question

« How to choose the best PCV2 vaccination programme ?»

Why this question?

• PCV2 is ubiquitous and the disease has changed:

– from PMWS to chronic and sub-clinical forms

– great variability of clinical signs

• Bad acclimatization of gilts

• Reproductive disorders

• Piglet heterogeneity

• Moderate mortality rate

• 3 major potential PCV2 vaccination programmes:

– Sow vaccination

– Piglet vaccination

– Sow and piglet vaccination

Agenda

• PCV2 vaccination programme project: objectives

• Validation of PCV2 antibodies in oral fluids

– Aim of the study

– Material and methods

– Results

• Conclusions and perspectives

Objectives of the project

• To provide the appropriate tool to choose the best PCV2 vaccination programme

• Global approach including

– Farm parameters:

• Farm characteristics (size, buildings, manpower…),

• Farm management,

• Expectations from the farmer

– Technico economic performance

– Health status

• PCV2 epidemiology in the farm

Assessment of PCV2 infection dynamics

• Different tools available

– PCV2 antibodies profile (serology)

– PCV2 DNA copy profiles (PCR)

• Need for a reliable, convenient and affordable method for sampling

– antibodies in oral fluids: already used for other pathogens

Oral fluid sampling

• SANI TEST (diagnostic kit) all the material for oral fluids sampling

• A piece of rope

• Plastic bags

• Gloves

• Test tubes

• Procedure of sampling

Agenda

• PCV2 vaccination programme project: objectives

• Validation of PCV2 antibodies in oral fluids

– Aim of the study

– Material and methods

– Results

• Conclusions and perspectives

Aim of the study

• To evaluate PCV2 infection dynamics in sows and piglets using an innovative, easy and economic tool

• By validating the use of oral fluids in comparison with serum for the detection of PCV2 antibodies

– Is SANI TEST a good method to collect saliva?

• Piglet behaviour: do they chew correctly the rope?

• How many ropes per pen are needed?

– Is SANI TEST a suitable method to detect PCV2 antibodies?

• Is there a good correlation between oral fluid and serum?

Materials and methods: the farms

• 7 farrow to finish farms:

– clinical signs related to PCV2 (4 herds), or NOT

– vaccinated (3 herds with PCV2 piglet vaccination only) or NOT

– located in Western part of France, variable pig density areas

Sampling per farm

• 16 SERA – from 4 parities groups :

• 4 gilts in quarantine for less than 2 weeks

• 4 sows parity 1

• 4 sows parity 2

• 4 sows parity > 4

– 5 ORAL FLUIDS: 1/ group, 5 groups of age:

• 4 weeks old

• 8-10 weeks old

• 12-14 weeks old

• 16-18 weeks old

• > 20 weeks old

– SERA: all the piglets which are likely to chew, were blood sampled

1 oral fluid 1 pool of all the

sera

Laboratory analysis

• Sera of sows were analysed individually

• Sera of pigs were pooled by age

• Oral fluids were pooled by pen

• ELISA PCV2:

– Quantitative results for sera

– Semi quantitative method for oral fluids (+) to (+++++)

• PCV2 antibodies in sera and oral fluids were compared using a linear regression test

Is SANI TEST a correct method to collect oral fluids?

The proof in pictures

Video (extract for 30 sec’)

Did all the pigs chew the rope?

Chewing is representative of all the pigs in the pen tested!

A too long rope

=

It will be dirty at the bottom

A diameter less than 12mm

for weaned piglets

To make noise

when they are chewing

To leave the rope for 30 minutes

A rope for 8 pigs

A strong knot

A rope at level (snout)

The best place to put the rope =

the door of the box

Adapted diameter

Change your gloves

When you squeeze the rope

Yes

No

Oral fluid sampling: procedure

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

Collecting the oral fluid A strong knot

Oral fluids need to be kept at cold T°

Because oral fluids contain:

• Enzymes • Dust • Food • Inhibitors • AND Immunoglobulins like

• IgA: protected by a secretion piece • IgG: they are the ones we want to detect them

•Take care with 3 steps:

• Transport from farm to vet office (+4°C +8°C) • Storage in your office ( - 20°C) • Transport from office to laboratory (ice)

If you do not take care…

Results: farm 1 to 4 ORAL

FLUIDS Blood

sample

Results: farm 5 to 7

• Il y a les mêmes graphes à la page d’avant

• Sont-ils par vaccinés et non vaccinés?

ORAL FLUIDS

Blood sample

Results

• Good correlation between sera and oral fluids PCV2 antibodies titres – 90.8% (r²=0.908)

• No difference in the sensitivity of both methods – McNemar test: p=0.174

• Same profiles with sera and oral fluids

• Different profiles according to the farm – PCV2 vaccinated or not

– Clinical signs

Conclusion

• Detection of antibodies in oral fluids:

– an innovative method

– YES, it works!

• Next step: • To give the best recommendation for PCV2 vaccination

program according to this profile and characteristics of the farm (health status, clinical signs and risk factors, technico economic performance)

• Further investigations are still needed

– Large scale field study on going

• This is the first episode of the story…

What do you prefer? Chewing or blood sampling?

Thanks for your attention!