Smart Cities and Big Data- 1 SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS Smart Cities and Big Data Smart Cities and Big Data Based in part on material from Professor Pang-Ning Tan Dept of Computer Science & Engineering Michigan State University Website: http://www.cse.msu.edu/~ptan
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“Smart cities, founded on the use of information and communication technologies, aim at tackling many local problems, from local economy and transportation to quality of life and e-governance.”Martínez-Ballesté et al. IEEE
Communications 2013.
Smart Cities and Big Data- 6
Should cities bother
to collect big data?
• Pros
Can lead to better management of resources,
services, etc.
Can lead to better predictions of patterns of
use, of trouble, of resource demand.
• Cons
Hard to identify key data to collect.
Expensive to measure in the field.
Requires expertise to build such systems.
Smart Cities and Big Data- 7
Quality of the data
Stamp's Statistical Probability
The government [is] extremely fond of amassing great quantities of statistics. These are raised to the nth degree, the cube roots are extracted, and the results are arranged into elaborate and impressive displays. What must be kept ever in mind, however, is that in every case, the figures are first put down by a village watchman, and he puts down anything he damn well pleases.(Attributed to Sir Josiah Stamp, 1840-1941, H.M. collector of
inland revenue.
Smart Cities and Big Data- 8
How can big data lead
to better performance?
• Command and Control approach
Measure current system behavior
Compare to target (desired) behavior
Issue commands to meet targets
• C&C diagram
Feedback link is critical
Smart Cities and Big Data- 9
C&C diagram: general
Compare
and act
Actual
system
Sensors
inputs outputstargets
measured
data
actual
data
Smart Cities and Big Data- 10
Example: vehicle
speed control
Compare
and act
Actual
vehicle
Sensors
(tach)
gas
pedal
actual
speed
target
speed
measured
speed
Whether a driver or an automated speed control system
is in charge, the same structure works.
Smart Cities and Big Data- 11
Example: traffic management
in an urban environment
Compare
and act
Street
grid
Sensors
set
traffic
lightsactual
flows
target
flows
measured
flows
Consider the amount of data involved.
Smart Cities and Big Data- 12
NASA EOSDIS growing
source of ‘Big Data’
NASA’s Earth Observing System Data and Information System
(EOSDIS) is in the middle of a critical project prototyping, testing,
and evaluating a significant change in the way data users access
and use NASA Earth Observation (EO) data. Ironically, data users
likely will not even notice if this change is implemented. What they
will notice is more efficient access to more data and the ability to do
more with these data.
The change being considered is moving EOSDIS data to the cloud.
This move would not only be a logical technical evolution for
EOSDIS, but also a proactive effort to provide broader access to a
data archive that is expected to grow significantly over the next