083_JanHelsen_MechnicalTransmission

Mare Wint Lectures Trondheim Sept 2013

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Mare Wint Lectures Trondheim Sept 2013 3


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Transfer Path


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Damping

Frequency

Am

pli

tud

e


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Picture source: RWE

Wind turbine

drivetrain

influenced by

and has

influence on all

factors


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Wind turbine

drivetrain


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Drivetrain

mass and stiffness


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Picture source:

ZF Wind Power

Enercon


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Picture source:

ZF Wind Power

Enercon


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Picture source:

ZF Wind Power

Enercon


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Picture source:

ZF Wind Power

Enercon


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Picture source:

ZF Wind Power

Enercon


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Drivetrain

mass and stiffness


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1

·

.

Transferred

Gearbox

Gearbox Gearbox Gearbox

n

i

i

PGPD

m V


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Picture from

www.upwind.eu


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Mare Wint Lectures Trondheim

Speed

To

rqu

e

Sept 2013

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wind

Grid

Slide courtesy of ZF Sales Department


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Mare Wint Lectures Trondheim

Speed

Start up

To

rqu

e

Start up

Normal operation

Shut down

Emergency stop

Grid loss

Slide courtesy of ZF Sales Department

Sept 2013

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Sept 2013 Mare Wint Lectures Trondheim

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Transfer Path


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Excitation is mostly low frequency

Higher frequency excitation during

dynamic events


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Time

Gear Mesh

Stiffness

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Planet carrier (PC)

Low Speed Shaft (LSS)

Intermediate Speed Shaft (ISS)

High Speed Shaft (HSS)

Low Speed Stage

Medium Speed Stage

High Speed Stage


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T.Eritenel, R.G.Parker: Modal parameters of three-dimensional helical planetary gears, Journal of

Sound and Vibration vol.325 (2009) p.397-420

State-of-the-

art


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Housing Range Of Influence Planet Carrier Range Of Influence LSS Range Of Influence No Coupling overall gearbox modes


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Receiver


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TO ADD

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• Meshing orders fully propagate throughout gearbox

• Not only lower meshing orders important


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Gearbox housing

Is a propagation path


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Housing

P

C

LSS

ISS

Low Speed

Stage

Orders

Medium Speed Stage Orders

High Speed Stage Orders

Low Speed Orders

Only Housing flexibility can be excited

Medium Speed Orders

Housing, PC and LSS can be excited

High Speed Orders

All structural flexibilities can be excited


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Load case

Blade

design

Drive train

design

Tower and nacelle

design

Wave

loads

Generator

loads

Wind

loads

Blade

loads

Drive train loads

Tower and nacelle

loads


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Early design

Detailed design

Flexible multibody

models of full turbine

Detailed

subcomponent

models: blades,

gearbox, nacelle,…

Static Dynamic

Finite

element

model

Multibody

model

Full turbine models

Dynamic


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Kinematic constraint:

• Hinge

• Slider

• Revolute

• …

Dynamic constraint:

• Spring

• Damper

• …


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Kinematic constraint:

• Hinge

• Slider

• Revolute

• …


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Dynamic constraint:

• Spring

• Damper

• …


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MB Model


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Multibody (MB) modelling

Finite Element modelling (FE)

Reaction Forces of internal gearbox components

Deformation of internal gearbox components

V

X

Calculation times

Combination: Flexible MB model:

• Craig Bampton (CMS)[12] reduced FE models included in MB model

• Deformation of internal gearbox components accounted for

• Acceptable calculation times

V

V

< < < <

[12] R.R.Craig, A review of time domain and frequency domain component mode synthesis methods,

Proceedings of the joint mechanics conference Albuquerque USA, 1985, pp. 1-30

Flexible multibody modelling suggested


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MB Model

FE Model

Interface needed between both


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MB Model

FE Model

Multipoint constraints suggested


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k o o okx x r

:

: Displacement of interface node

: Displacement of condensation node

: Orientation of condensation node

: Vector from condensation node to interface node k

k

o

o

ok

with

x

x

r

kx

k ky

kz

x

x x

x


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1

2

1

n

k ok k

ko n

k ok

k

w r x

w r

1

1

n

k k

ko n

k

k

w x

x

w

:

: Displacement of interface node

: Displacement of condensation node

: Orientation of condensation node

: Vector from condensation node to interface node k

: Weighting factor

k

o

o

ok

k

with

x

x

r

w

ox

o oy

oz

x

x x

x


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Flexible multipoint constr

Significant difference in static behaviour


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The coupling structure should be chosen carefully keeping the physics of the

problem in mind

Significant difference in dynamic behaviour


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Grid


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Voltage equations in the qd0-reference frame Voltage equations

Flux equations

Torque, Active and Reactive Power


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Sept 2013

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Excitation

Source

Gearbox

Gearbox mounts

Gearbox mounts

Gear contacts

Torque

Non-Torque

Loads Non-

Torque

Loads

Sept 2013

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Countermeasures are necessary


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Airborne noise

Structure

borne

noise


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Sept 2013 Mare Wint Lectures Trondheim 96

Excitation Transfer path

Overall gearbox

modes

Coupled modes

freq ranges

External excitation


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Housing Range Of Influence Planet Carrier Range Of Influence LSS Range Of Influence No Coupling overall gearbox modes


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Housing

P

C

LSS

ISS

Low Speed

Stage

Orders

Medium Speed Stage Orders

High Speed Stage Orders

500 1000 0 1500 Sept 2013 Mare Wint Lectures Trondheim

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Housing and PC influence becomes more and more important


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Sept 2013 Mare Wint Lectures Trondheim 103


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083_JanHelsen_MechnicalTransmission

Documents

picture source

rwe wind turbine drivetrain

drivetrain mass

dynamic events

journal of sound

normal operation