08 Respiratory Physiology

RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY

By Sawiji Amani

Mobile phone: 081 328 028333

E-mail: [email protected]

Lecturer and Researcher

Nursing Basic Science Department

Muhammadiyah Gombong University

2012

Respiratory System

• The upper respiratory system :

consists of the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx

• The lower respiratory system :

consists of the larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli of the lungs

area konduksi : hidung brochiolus

area respirasi : alveoli

Conducting Zone

Insert fig. 16.5

• All the structures air passes through before reaching the respiratory zone.

• Warms and humidifies inspired air.

• Filters and cleans:– Mucus secreted to trap

particles in the inspired air.

– Mucus moved by cilia to be expectorated.

• Pulmo : terdapat 10 segmen lobular

• Dari bronchus tertier/segmentalis , berlanjut sebagai bronchiolus – bronchiolus terminalis.

• Selanjutnya dinding tidak mengandung cartilago lagi (bronchiolus respiratorius, ductus alveolaris, sacculus alveolaris, alveoli )

Respiratory Zone

• Region of gas exchange between air and blood.

• Includes respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs.

• Must contain alveoli.

1

2

34

5

Thoracic WallsMuscles of Respiration

1

2

OTOT INSPIRASI

1. m. sternocleidomastoideus

2. m. serratus anterior

3. m. skalenus

4. m. interkostalis eksternus

5. Diafragma

1,2,3,4 pernafasan thoracal

5 pernafasan abdominal

OTOT EKSPIRASI

1. m. interkostalis internus

2. m. rectus abdominal

3. m. transversus

4. m. obliquus

• 1 pernafasan thoracal

• 2,3,4 pernafasan abdominal

Control

• Medullary Resp Centers– Dorsal Resp Group (DRG) – Pacemaker

(inspiration)– Ventral Resp Group (VRG) – Forced

breathing

• Pons Resp Center– Pneumotaxic Center – Depth– Apneustic Center – Breath holding

Figure 8b: During normal quiet inhalation

Figure 8c: During strenuous breathing

Respiration

• Ventilation: Movement of air into and out of lungs

• External respiration: Gas exchange between air in lungs and blood

• Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood

• Internal respiration: Gas exchange between the blood and tissues

Figure 8a: Overview of external and cellular respiration

Figure 8d: Total pulmonary and alveolar ventilation