08-01 W. W. Norton. 08-03 Petersen, L.R., and Petersen, M.R., Short-term retention of individual verbal items, Journal of Experimental Psychology 58 (1959):

W. W. Norton

Pet

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and

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W. W. Norton

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Dr. Brenda Milner

Patient H.M.

Amnesia

• Retrograde Amnesia impairment of memory for events before the injury

• Anterograde Amnesia impairment of memory for events after injury; that is, an impairment in learning

Memory Systems in the Brain

Memory Systems in the Brain

Memory Systems in the Brain

Memory Systems in the Brain

Patient H.M.“Right now I'm wondering, Have I done or said anything amiss? You see, at this moment everything looks unclear to me, but what happened just before? That's what worries me. It's like waking from a dream; I just don't remember.”

“Every day is alone in itself, whatever enjoyment I've had, and whatever sorrow I've had.”

-- H.M.

• Working/Short-term Memory– Can carry on a normal conversation– Normal memory span

• Intelligence and Language Normal– Note that some of these rely on spared

retrograde memory (vocabulary, math rules, etc)

• Skill Learning– “motor, perceptual, or cognitive operations or

procedures that are typically acquired through an incremental and slow process of repetition.

– Mirror reading– Rotary Pursuit– Artificial Grammar Learning– Perceptual Classification– Tower of Hanoi (not reliable!)

Memory Systems in the Brain

Memory Systems in the Brain

Memory Systems in the Brain

Medial temporal lobe amnesia• Inability to form new explicit memories

(anterograde amnesia)

• Good IQ, good implicit learning

• Loss of memories from before injury

(retrograde amnesia)

Medial temporal (contains hippocampus) lesions and DNMS performance (working memory)

Medial Temporal Lobe Memory System

Visual Cortex

VentralStream

InferotemporalCortex

Perirhinalcortex

Parahippocampalcortex

Entorhinalcortex

hippocampus

SRT Results

before a f te r

Shi e t a l, Sc ie nc e 2 84 : 1 81 1 (11 J un 19 99 )

HippocampalDysfunction or lesion