07 Islamic Philosophy

8/12/2019 07 Islamic Philosophy

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How much do you know about

Islam?

1. How many Muslims are there in the world?

2. What man is usually considered the founder ofIslam?

3. How many children does the average Muslimwoman have?

4. What does the Arabic word "islam" literallymean?

5. What five countries have the largest Muslim

populations?6. What is the name of Islam's holy book?

7. What language was this book written in?



ISLAMIC PHILOSOPY OF

EDUCATION

BY

Dr. Chua Lee Chuan



8. What province in India has the largest percentage ofMuslims?

9. What are the five pillars (central practices) of Islam?

10. What nation in South America is more than 15%

Muslim?11. What city do Muslims face when they pray?

12. Where is this city?

13. What five countries in Europe (excluding Russia) have

the largest percentage of Muslims?14. What are the two main branches of Islam?

15. What do Muslims call the building where they worship?



1. 1 billion2. Mohammed3. Six4. The "Way of Submission", or "Surrender"5. Indonesia, Pakistan,Bangladesh, India, Nigeria6. Qur'an (Koran)7. Arabic8. Kashmir

9. The confession, ritual prayer, giving alms, observingRamadan, making the pilgrimage to Mecca.10. Suriname11. Mecca12. Saudi Arabia

13. Albania, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, France, WestGermany14. Sunni and Shi'a15. Mosque



Islamic philosophy

– Philosophy which is based on the teaching of

Islam or revealed knowledge (obtained from

the holy book, al-Quran and As-Sunnah)

– The role of Islamic Philosophy is to explainthe relationship between man and his

Creator (Allah), between man and man, and

between man and his environment.



Islamic Education

• is a process to educate and train the mind, body, souland emotion of man based on revealed knowledge (al-Quran and As-Sunnah), experiences of salaf al-Salihand prominent educators in the hope to produce human

beings who is knowledgable, believes in God, pious,performed good deeds, and has good personality inorder to carry out his responsibilities as caliph asspecified by Allah onto mankind to develop oneself,society, environment, and country in order to achieve

happiness in this world and the world after.• Islamic education is a process to consciously guide

educators mould students based on the teachings ofIslam



Goals and Aims of Islamic

Education• The goal of Islamic Education, based on al-Quran and

As-Sunnah, is to mould and develop human being as aMuslim who is knowledgeable, believes in God,performs good deeds, and has good personality in an

effort to equip himself and be responsible as a servant toGod and be a pious leader.

• The aims of Islamic Education is to educate students: – to be of good behaviour

– to achieve perfection in their soul

– to do good and noble deeds – to practise refined culture

– to get use to cleanliness, sincerity and good practices



Islamic Philosophy of Education

– Philosophy of education is based on the teaching of Islam orrevealed knowledge.

– Islamic Philosophy of Education , Malaysian Ministry ofEducation states that Islamic education is a continuous effort

to deliver knowledge, skills and practices of Islam based on al-Quran and as-Sunnah in developing attitude, skills, personality,and views of life as a servant of God who is responsible todevelop oneself, society, environment, and country to achievehappiness in this world and the world after.

– It aims to prepare man with sufficient experiences andknowledge so that he knows who he is, his roles andresponsibilities as a servant to God and a leader so as to bedevoted human being.



Islamic Philosophers

• Ibnu Khaldun 1332-1406,

• Muhammad Iqbal 1877-1938 (pakistan)

• Al-Ghazali 1058-1128 (Iran)• Al-Kindi 800-873 (Iraq)



Ibnu Khaldun

• Regarded knowledge and education as one industry• Reproduction of values

– Inculcation of religious values

• Training in knowledge and know-how (to achieve perfectionin human)

– Learning of trades – Teaching of arts and sciences

• Teaching both theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge

• Using good examples as models (learning through directobservations)

• Believe in continuous repetition (Limited receptivity)

• Learning should take place at a very young age

• at the beginning the student is literally incapable ofunderstanding anything at all



• Against the teaching of more than one subject once

• Moderate use of authority and punishment

– the need to ‘ instruct without afflicting the pupil and killinghis or her spirit’

– Uses of force are enemies to learning, and that they lead tolaziness, lying and hypocrisy

• Examples used should be drawn from the sensoryexperience

• teacher should make sure that what is taught iscompletely assimilated before moving on to the nextarea (mastery)

• Does not believe in overloading the students with work



Mohammad Iqbal

• A reformer of Islamic society

• Did not believe in mere belief in God

• Against Sufism ( which says, “ Accept your destiny evenif it is against you”)

• human should arise against destiny that tied one down• human must change the world, instead of succumbing to

„heavenly fate‟ stated in Quranic Islam

• Opposed theocracy and dictatorship and consideredthem against the free spirit of Islam

• Only education will be able to – Improve the life of the muslim community

– Transform a muslim into a perfect human being

– Encourage members of the society to work collaboratively



Al Ghazali

• employed Plato and Aristotle‟s Philosophy

• Education includes intellectual aspect,physical training, moral (noble, brave and

respectful character) and religion• Aim of education – cultivate man so that he abides by the

teachings of religion

– assured of salvation and happiness in futurelife

– love of knowledge



• learning must be put into practice

• teachers should honour and praise

students who excel and have good attitude

– encourage and incite other students to follow

the good example



• teachers should consider the differences incharacter and ability between students – should not push the pupils beyond their capacity

– nor attempt to bring them to a level of knowledge that

they cannot absorb• teachers should allow students play games

(after school) – recover the fatigue of study

– freed from constraints – prevent students from playing and burdening themwith lessons – weary their heart, blunt their mind andmake then despise of studying



• True knowledge – knowledge of God, His books, His

prophets and the kingdoms of heaven and earth.

• Purpose of knowledge – help man achieve plenitude and

attain true happiness

• Value of learning lies in its usefulness and veracity

• Distinguishes clearly between two types of curriculum

– obligatory science (must be studied by everyone)

– optional science (studied according to the wishes andcapacities of student)



• education is not merely imparting knowledge to students

• education is an interaction, affecting and benefiting both

the teacher and students(active learning)

• teacher – a model and an example, not only a medium of

knowledge

• teaching should be linked to concrete situations

• teachers should move to next topic after student mastersit

• teacher should pay attention to interconnectedness

• Gradual and patient approach in teaching



• students should: – be spiritually pure before receiving knowledge

– respect teachers and behave in a civil mannertowards them

– beware of paying too much attention to doctrinalcontroversies

– master the fundamental of praiseworthy science andstudy deeper on those fields

– choose useful subjects that are conducive to salvation

in the hereafter – study each subject thoroughly before going on to

another



• art and artistic education

– condemns listening to music and singing – associated with gatherings where one is

drunk – religious and heroic songs are allowed –

revive one‟s spirit, rejoice the heart and helpone to carry on the work of the world

– dancing must be practiced and watched inappropriate places – does not arouse desireor encourage sinful acts



Al-Kindi

(Arab Muslim Philospher)• Born in iraq

• He was a Arab philosopher, mathematician,physician, scientist

• Best known as the philosopher of the Arabs

• Greatest Islamic philosopher during his time

• greatly influence by Aristotle‟s philosophythrough translation movement (employed totranslate greek texts but he did not understand

greek. He polished translation made by others) – World is divided into 2 parts (similar to aristotle‟s view)

• Earth –subject to disintegration

• Above earth – not subjected to disintegration



• Adopts a scientific approach

• Learners should not accept information without

proof• He pushed for supremacy of reason

• His ideas were revolutionary during his time

• Emphasis on rationalism

• Believe in reasoning over revealed religion• Mind and soul is more important than the body

(Intellectal and spiritual development is moreimpt than physical aspect – worldly goods,material world)

• His ideas were related to our philosophy ofeducation and vision 2020

07 Islamic Philosophy

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