05.2 Buddhist Councils

7/21/2019 05.2 Buddhist Councils

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The first Three Buddhist Councils

First Buddhist Council

(c. 486 BCE)

Second Buddhist Council

(c. 386 BCE)

Third Buddhist Council

(c. 250 BCE)


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(c. 486 BCE)


(c. 386 BCE)


(c. 250 BCE)


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(c. 486 BCE)


(c. 386 BCE)


(c. 250 BCE)


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(c. 486 BCE)


(c. 386 BCE)


(c. 250 BCE)


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The First Council

Took l!ce 3 "onths !fter the

Buddh!#s $!ssin% (c. 486 BCE).

&eld !t '!!%!h! (the "odern cit

of '!%ir)* in the S!tt!!nni c!+e.

Sonsored , -in% !t!s!ttu*

son of -in% Bi",is!r!.

$resided o+er , /ener!,le !h!

-!ss!! 1ith 500 "onks.


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The First Council










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The First Council










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The First Council



&eld !t '!!%!h! (the "odern citof '!%ir)* in the S!tt!!nni c!+e.






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The First Council

"onk c!lled Subhaddaresented

the strict rules !nd reoiced !t not

h!+in% to follo1 the" !n"ore./en. !h! -!ss!! con+ened the

First Council to re+ent the h!""!

!nd /in!! fro" ,ein% corruted !ndto rotect !nd reser+e the te!chin%s

of the Buddh!.


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The First Council

"onk c!lled Subhaddaresented

the strict rules !nd reoiced !t not

h!+in% to follo1 the" !n"ore./en. !h! -!ss!! con+ened the

First Council to re+ent the h!""!

!nd /in!! fro" ,ein% corruted !ndto rotect !nd reser+e the te!chin%s

of the Buddh!.


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The First Council

The Buddh! told n!nd! th!t

so"e of the "inor rules could ,e

ch!n%ed ,ut n!nd! did not !sk1hich ones.

t 1!s decided th!t no ch!n%es

1ere to ,e "!de* !nd theon!stic rules 1ere reser+ed !s

ori%in!ll l!id do1n.


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The First Council

The Buddh! told n!nd! th!t

so"e of the "inor rules could ,e

ch!n%ed ,ut n!nd! did not !sk1hich ones.

t 1!s decided th!t no ch!n%es

1ere to ,e "!de* !nd theon!stic rules 1ere reser+ed !s

ori%in!ll l!id do1n.


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The First Council

The rest of the 500 "onks then

!%reed on !nd for"!lied the

/in!! !nd h!""!.These 1ere co"iled into the

/in!! $it!k! !nd Sutt! $it!k!

!nd "e"oried* h!ndin% the"do1n , or!l tr!dition.

The rocess took "onths.


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The First Council








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The First Council








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The First Council

There 1!s no 1ritten record of the

te!chin%s et !nd the "onks h!d

to "e"orie the" !nd then te!chthe net %ener!tion of "onks in

the s!"e 1!.

The 1ere recited , %rous ofeole cross7checkin% 1ith e!ch

other to ensure th!t no o"issions

or !dditions 1ere "!de.


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The First Council

There 1!s no 1ritten record of the

te!chin%s et !nd the "onks h!d

to "e"orie the" !nd then te!chthe net %ener!tion of "onks in

the s!"e 1!.

The 1ere recited , %rous ofeole cross7checkin% 1ith e!ch

other to ensure th!t no o"issions

or !dditions 1ere "!de.


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The First Council

round 83 BCE* the Fourth Council

(in the Ther!+!d! tr!dition) 1!s

held in the to1n of !t!le* !t thelu+ih!r! in Sri !nk!.

t this Council* the te!chin%s

h!nded do1n or!ll* 1ere ut do1nin 1ritin% on ol! le!+es.


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The First Council

round 83 BCE* the Fourth Council

(in the Ther!+!d! tr!dition) 1!s

held in the to1n of !t!le* !t thelu+ih!r! in Sri !nk!.

t this Council* the te!chin%s

h!nded do1n or!ll* 1ere ut do1nin 1ritin% on ol! le!+es.


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First Council9 'ecite !nd re!ffir" the

h!""! !nd /in!! to rotect !nd

reser+e the te!chin%s of the Buddh!.

Second Council9 The :0 disuted

oints led to the slit ,et1een the li,er!l

!h!s!n%hik!s !nd the orthodo

Sth!+!ri+!d!ns* the ;


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The Second Council

Took l!ce :00 e!rs !fter the


&eld !t /es!li.

$!tron!%e of -in% -!l!sok!.

$resided o+er , /ener!,le 'e+!t!

1ith 00 "onks.


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The Second Council



&eld !t /es!li.



1ith 00 "onks.


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The Second Council



&eld !t /es!li.



1ith 00 "onks.


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The Second Council



&eld !t /es!li.



1ith 00 "onks.


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The Second Council

>hilst +isitin% /es!li* /en. ?!s! s!1

th!t ! %rou of "onks kno1n !s the

/!i!ns 1ere solicitin% !nd !ccetin%%old !nd sil+er.

&e criticied the" ,ut their resonse

1!s to offer hi" ! sh!re in the hoeth!t he 1ould ,e 1on o+er.


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The Second Council

>hilst +isitin% /es!li* /en. ?!s! s!1

th!t ! %rou of "onks kno1n !s the

/!i!ns 1ere solicitin% !nd !ccetin%%old !nd sil+er.

&e criticied the" ,ut their resonse

1!s to offer hi" ! sh!re in the hoeth!t he 1ould ,e 1on o+er.


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The Second Council

/en. ?!s! reorted these ,re!ches to

the hi%hl resected /en. 'e+!t!*

1ho !d+ised th!t ! council should ,ec!lled.

Ten disuted oints 1ere ,rou%ht

,efore ! council of the "ost senior"onks !t the ti"e.


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The Second Council

/en. ?!s! reorted these ,re!ches to

the hi%hl resected /en. 'e+!t!*

1ho !d+ised th!t ! council should ,ec!lled.

Ten disuted oints 1ere ,rou%ht

,efore ! council of the "ost senior"onks !t the ti"e.


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The Second Council

:. @sin% s!lt in horns.

2. E!tin% !fter "id7d!.

3. To e!tin% once !nd then %oin% !%!in to !+ill!%e for "ore food.

4. &oldin% the @os!th! Cere"on in !

se!r!te ,uildin% (in ! l!r%e si"!).

5. $erfor"in% ! /in!! cere"on first*then %ettin% consent fro" !,sent "onks.


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The Second Council

6. Follo1in% ! cert!in r!ctice ,ec!use it

1!s done , ! "onk#s tutor or te!cher.

. rinkin% sour "ilk !fter the "id7d!"e!l.

8. rinkin% unfer"ented !l" 1ine.

=. @sin% ! "!t th!t h!s frin%es.

:0. ccetin% !nd usin% %old !nd sil+er.


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The Second Council

The Council !ssed ! +erdict !%!inst

the /!i!n "onks !nd decl!red their

conduct unl!1ful. tot!l of 00 "onks resent then

re!ffir"ed the te!chin%s of the

Buddh! , recitin% the h!""! !nd/in!! to%ether.


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The Second Council

The Council !ssed ! +erdict !%!inst

the /!i!n "onks !nd decl!red their

conduct unl!1ful. tot!l of 00 "onks resent then

re!ffir"ed the te!chin%s of the

Buddh! , recitin% the h!""! !nd/in!! to%ether.


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The Second Council

&o1e+er* the /!i!n "onks refused to

!ccet this +erdict !nd left to hold !

council of their o1n.This resulted in the Buddhist Arder

for"!ll slittin% into t1o sects* !nd

,ec!"e kno1n !s the ;


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The Second Council

&o1e+er* the /!i!n "onks refused to

!ccet this +erdict !nd left to hold !

council of their o1n.This resulted in the Buddhist Arder

for"!ll slittin% into t1o sects* !nd

,ec!"e kno1n !s the ;


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The Second Council

The li,er!l /!i!n "onks ,ec!"e

kno1n !s the !h!s!n%hik!s or the

;


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The Second Council

The li,er!l /!i!n "onks ,ec!"e

kno1n !s the !h!s!n%hik!s or the

;


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!h!s!n%hik!s !nd the orthodoSth!+!ri+!d!ns* the ;


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The Third Council

Took l!ce !,out 200 e!rs !fter the


&eld !t sok!r!"! in $!t!liutt!.

$!tron!%e of -in% sok!.

$resided o+er , /en. o%%!liutt!

Tiss! !nd :*000 "onks.


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The Third Council








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The Third Council








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The Third Council








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The Third Council

-in% sok! 1!s ori%in!ll !

!rticul!rl !",itious !nd ruthless

"!n 1ho !tt!ined the throne ,killin% !ll of his f!ther#s sons* ecet

his o1n re!l ,rother.

&e 1ent on to conuer thenei%h,ourin% st!tes* c!usin% untold

de!th !nd destruction.


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The Third Council

-in% sok! 1!s ori%in!ll !

!rticul!rl !",itious !nd ruthless

"!n 1ho !tt!ined the throne ,killin% !ll of his f!ther#s sons* ecet

his o1n re!l ,rother.

&e 1ent on to conuer thenei%h,ourin% st!tes* c!usin% untold

de!th !nd destruction.


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The Third Council

&e e+entu!ll re!lied the sufferin% he

c!used to hundreds of thous!nds of

eole !nd 1!s con+erted to Buddhis", ! oun% no+ice "onk c!lled

i%rodh!.

&e then ruled !ccordin% to the Buddhistide!ls of !cifis" !nd co"!ssion* !nd

his e"ire flourished %re!tl.


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The Third Council

&e e+entu!ll re!lied the sufferin% he

c!used to hundreds of thous!nds of

eole !nd 1!s con+erted to Buddhis", ! oun% no+ice "onk c!lled

i%rodh!.

&e then ruled !ccordin% to the Buddhistide!ls of !cifis" !nd co"!ssion* !nd

his e"ire flourished %re!tl.


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The Third Council

&e rohi,ited !ni"!l s!crifices !nd

e+entu!ll !lso for,!de the killin% of

!ni"!ls in the !l!ce for consu"tion.&e sre!d Buddhis" throu%hout ndi!

throu%h 'ock Edicts !nd $ill!rs 1hich

h!d i"ort!nt te!chin%s inscri,ed onthe". !n of these !rch!eolo%ic!l

tre!sures h!+e sur+i+ed till no1.


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The Third Council

&e rohi,ited !ni"!l s!crifices !nd

e+entu!ll !lso for,!de the killin% of

!ni"!ls in the !l!ce for consu"tion.&e sre!d Buddhis" throu%hout ndi!

throu%h 'ock Edicts !nd $ill!rs 1hich

h!d i"ort!nt te!chin%s inscri,ed onthe". !n of these !rch!eolo%ic!l

tre!sures h!+e sur+i+ed till no1.


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The Third Council

&e used his +!st 1e!lth to ,uild

countless stu!s* te"les !nd +ih!r!s

throu%hout ndi! !nd ro+ided%enerous suort to the S!n%h!.

But this led to "!n un1holeso"e

!nd %reed eole oinin% the S!n%h!1ho held 1ron% +ie1s !nd re!ched

heretic!l te!chin%s.


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The Third Council

&e used his +!st 1e!lth to ,uild

countless stu!s* te"les !nd +ih!r!s

throu%hout ndi! !nd ro+ided%enerous suort to the S!n%h!.

But this led to "!n un1holeso"e

!nd %reed eole oinin% the S!n%h!1ho held 1ron% +ie1s !nd re!ched

heretic!l te!chin%s.


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The Third Council

-in% sok! then !sked the resected

Elder* /en.o%%!liutt! Tiss! to hel

rectif this sorr situ!tion.The Elder selected :*000 "onks to

recite !nd re!ffir" the h!""! !nd

/in!!. This took = "onths toco"lete.


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The Third Council

-in% sok! then !sked the resected

Elder* /en.o%%!liutt! Tiss! to hel

rectif this sorr situ!tion.The Elder selected :*000 "onks to

recite !nd re!ffir" the h!""! !nd

/in!!. This took = "onths toco"lete.


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The Third Council

The -in% !lso uestioned "onks fro"

"!n "on!steries* !nd those 1ho

held 1ron% +ie1s 1ere eosed !ndi""edi!tel eelled fro" the

S!n%h!.

n this 1!* the S!n%h! 1!s ur%ed ofheretics* !nd corrut !nd ,o%us

"onks.


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The Third Council

The -in% !lso uestioned "onks fro"

"!n "on!steries* !nd those 1ho

held 1ron% +ie1s 1ere eosed !ndi""edi!tel eelled fro" the

S!n%h!.

n this 1!* the S!n%h! 1!s ur%ed ofheretics* !nd corrut !nd ,o%us

"onks.


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The Third Council

n !ddition* the fifth ,ook of the

,hidh!""! $it!k! c!lled the

-!th!+!tthu* 1!s co"iled to e!"ine!nd refute heretic!l te!chin%s.

$ossi,l the "ost si%nific!nt

!chie+e"ent of this Council 1!s thesendin% of "ission!r "onks to nine

different re%ions !round ndi!.


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The Third Council

n !ddition* the fifth ,ook of the

,hidh!""! $it!k! c!lled the

-!th!+!tthu* 1!s co"iled to e!"ine!nd refute heretic!l te!chin%s.

$ossi,l the "ost si%nific!nt

!chie+e"ent of this Council 1!s thesendin% of "ission!r "onks to nine

different re%ions !round ndi!.


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The Third Council

B f!r the "ost i"ort!nt !nd

successful "ission 1!s to Sri !nk!.

t 1!s led , -in% sok!#s o1n son*/en. !hind! 1ho con+erted the Sri

!nk!n kin%* !nd e+entu!ll !ll his

su,ects* to Buddhis".

The Tiit!k! 1!s !lso ,rou%ht o+er

!nd e+entu!ll co"iled into 1ritin% in

Sri !nk! !,out 300 e!rs l!ter.


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The Third Council










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The Third Council










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05.2 Buddhist Councils

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