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1Network of Excellence in Training
Oil and Gas Well Completions
Tubinghead and X-mas tree
Ref: Well Completion and Servicing, by D. Perrin
pages 115 to 121
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Objectives
By the end of the session you will:
•understand and identify the various types andcomponents of the tubing head and X-mas tree
•understand the connection methods for sub-surface tools, such as hydraulic control lines
and electric cables
• know the function of the valves on a X-Mas tree
•have a basic understanding of the types offlange connections that can be found on the
wellhead / X-Mas tree
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Tubinghead and X-mas tree
Tubinghead
•Surface equipment from which the tubing issuspended
Xmas tree or valve array
•Used to control well during production•Mounted above wellhead•Typically sourced from same manufacturer
API Spec. 6A: Specification for WellheadEquipment
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Wellead ! "#P d$ring completion
Casing Head Housing
Casing Head Spool(s)
Tubing Head Spool
BOP's Stack
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Tubinghead Functions
Primary f$nctions of t$bingead
•S$spend t$bing %it anger
•Seal bet%een t$bing and ann$l$s
•Provide access ports to ann$l$s gaslift gas inibitor in&ection
circ$lating te %ell
•Provide mo$nting for adapter flange or 'mastree
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Tubing Hanger Types
•Threaded Hanger Flange–used in low pressure wells (e.g. Pumping wells)
•Boll Weevil Type
•Ram Type Tubing Hanger
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Network of Excellence in Training
Tubing Hanger Types
•Boll Weevil TypeTubing Hanger for Bowl Type Tubing Head.
–Less suitable to land tubing in tension
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"oll(Weevil type anger and o$sing
Hanger tie-down bolt
Seal
)$bing
*nn$l$s connection
"oll(Weevil
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Spool and +anger
Thread for plug or check valve
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+angers for D$al Completion
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Tubing Hanger Types
•Ram Type Tubing Hanger–allows free tubing manipulation to latch tubing in
tension
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Tubing tension hanger Cameron SRT
anger
rams
loc bolt
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14Network of Excellence in Training
Tubing Hanger/Xmas Tree Interface
Tubing hanger neckextends inside base ofXmas tree or adapter
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15Network of Excellence in Training
Adapter Flange
•Cross-over between tubing hanger spool and x-mastree
•It can receive the extended tubing hanger neck•Feed through for:– electrical cables (ESP or sensors)
– hydraulic controllines (sc-sssv)
–sensor lines etc
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Adapter Flange
+anger %it etended nec and controlline feed tro$g
Do$ble St$dded *dapter 0langeDS*0 %it controlline o$tlet
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Surface Wellhead Connectors
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)e completed %ell
Wellhead
Xmas TreeThe BOP's are removed
After the tubing is installed :
The X mas tree isinstalled to control theflow from the well
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Xmas Trees
Primary flow control system for well once inproduction
Features and access requirements
•Outflow from well - production•Inflow to well - injection or killing•Vertical access to tubing - wire line, coiled tubing
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Flanged Xmas Tree
Tree cap
Lubricator valve
Productionwing valve
Choke
Upper master valve(operational valve)
Lower master valve
(back-up)
Kill valve or servicevalve with blankplate during normal
service
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Xmas Tree Components
•Pressure gauges (accessory)
– safety hazard / potential wrong pressure readings
•Gauge flange or tree cap–provides seal for top of tree
•Lubricator valve–isolate pressure, well access for intervention tools
•Flow tee
–used to direct flow, enable thru-tubing access
•Production wing valve–used to isolate well for most routine operations
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Xmas Tree Components
•Kill wing valve–enables connection of pumping equipment
•Choke (accessory)–controls rate of flow from well
•Master valves (main isolation valves)–Upper Master Valve (operational valve),optional: hydraulic / pneumatic controlled
Surface Safety Valve–Lower Master Valve (back-up valve)
manually operated
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The stem rotates
The gate moes upand do!n
'(mas tree valve
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Choke
"ean
Cap
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Categories of Xmas Tree
Flanged tree
•Several flanged components– each connection is a potential leak path
•Much more common than monoblock design•More flexible than monoblock design
•takes up more space (height)
Monoblock construction tree
•Single block construction•Fewer possible leak paths•Used in high pressure/leak sensitive locations
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Monoblock Xmas Tree
Comprises inline or "Y" shaped block ofsingle casting/forging
Valving arrangement
•Lower Master Valve (manual)
•Upper Master Valve (Surface Safety Valve)
•Y piece or side outlet flanges
–houses both production and kill wing valves
•Uppermost valve (manual swab valve)
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Monoblock Xmas Tree
Tree cap and gauge
Swab valve
Production wing valve
Upper Master Valve
Kill wing valve
3o%er 4aster alve
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Well cluster in shallow water
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W-33 6/ C-33*R
* %ell cellar is aconfined space7
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Wellead, tree and flo% line %ic miss a fe% parts
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)ree oo($p
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Well head platform
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Multiple Completions
Cases where more than one completion
string installed
•Each string independently suspended
•Must seal off tubing casing annulus–either independently or collectively
•Independent control of fluid flow in each
string
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Multiple Completion Tree
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Xmas Tree Selection
-produce a listing of the parameters of theanticipated process or operating envelope
-Classify the Well Type
Water Well ( low or medium pressure, Rate )Oil Well (low, medium or high pressure, GOR, Rate )
Gas Well ( low, medium or high pressure, WGR, Rate)
This will be the basis for the design and theselection of equipment type and rating
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Xmas Tree Selection
Well Type Water Oil Gas
3000 3000 30005000 5000 50001000010000Rating (psi)
Tree Type
Flanged
Monoblock
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
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KEYWORDS•tubing suspension
•annulus access•hanger flange
•boll weevil
•ram type•LMG, UMG, Swab valve
•production and kill wing valve
•surface safety valve•flanged and monoblock tree
•pressure rating
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END OF SESSION