05 Image and Microscopy Live Cell Imaging Application

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Live Cell Imaging Applications in Confocal Microscopy

“Introduction to Confocal Microscopy and Image Analysis”

UPDATED April 2003

Reference: J.Paul Robinson, Pawley “Introduction to Confocal Microscopy”,

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Applications

• Organelle Structure

• Probe ratioing

• Conjugated antibodies

• DNA/RNA

• Cytochemical Identification

• Oxidative Metabolism

• Exotic Applications

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Step 1: Cell Culture

Step 2: Cell Wash

Lab-Tek

1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

top view

side view

170 µM coverslip

Step 3: Transfer to Lab-Tek plates

confocal microscopeoilimmersionobjective

37o heatedstage

stimulant/inhibitoradded

Step 4: Addition of DCFH-DA, Indo-1, or HE

Below: the culture dishes for live cell imaging using a confocal microscope and high NA objectives.

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Fluorescence Microscope image of Hoechst stained cells (plus DIC)Image collected with a 470T Optronics cooled camera

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• Use for DNA content and cell viability– 33342 for viability

• Less needed to stain for DNA content than for viability– decrease nonspecific fluorescence

• Low laser power decreases CVs

Measurement of DNA

G0-G1S

G2-M

Fluorescence Intensity

# of

Eve

nts

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Calcium Flux

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0 50 100 150 200

Rat

io: i

nten

sity

of 4

60nm

/ 40

5nm

sig

nals

Time (seconds)Time (Seconds)0 36 72 108 144 180

RA

TIO

[sho

rt/lo

ng]

0 2

00 4

00 6

00 8

0010

00

StimulationStimulation

Flow Cytometry Image Cytometry

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Oxidative Reactions

• Superoxide Hydroethidine

• Hydrogen Peroxide Dichlorofluorescein

• Glutathione levels Monobromobimane

• Nitric Oxide Dichlorofluorescein

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Exotic Applications of Confocal Microscopy

• FRAP (Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching)

• Release of “Caged” compounds

• Lipid Peroxidation (Parinaric Acid) Difficult to do with confocal, but possible with 2P (excitation is 325 nm)

• Membrane Fluidity (DPH)

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“Caged” Photoactivatable Probes

• Ca++: Nitr-5

• Ca++ - buffering: Diazo-2

• IP3

• cAMP

• cGMP

• ATP

• ATP-γ-S

Available Probes

Principle: Nitrophenyl blocking groups e.g. nitrophenyl ethyl ester undergoes photolysis upon exposure to UV light at 340-350 nm

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Release of “Caged” Compounds

UV Beam

Release of “Cage”

Culture dish

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18.2 Calcium Regulation

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Time (seconds) after UV FLASH

Release of Caged Nitric Oxide inAttached PMN

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160Fluo

resc

ence

Em

issi

on a

t 515

nm

Release of Caged Compounds

CDUV excited

Control Region

Time (seconds) CONTROL

0

50

100

150

200

250 CONTROL STUDY

Flu

ores

cenc

e E

mis

sion

at 5

15 n

m

0 100 200 300 400

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