05 human resources management

Project Human Resources Management

Waleed El-Naggar, MBA, PMP

“Project Human Resource Management

includes the processes that organize and

manage the project team. The project team is

comprised of the people who have assigned

roles and responsibilities for completing the

project.” PMBOK Page 214

Human Resources Management

5/19/2009 2Prepared by: Waleed El-Naggar

Human Resources

Management

Develop Human

Resource Plan

Acquire Project Team

Develop Project Team

Manage Project Team

Project HRM Processes


Project HRM Process Flow


Determine project roles and responsibilities

Identify staffing requirements

Determine project relationships

Determine how and when the team members

will be acquired and released

Plan for recognition and rewards

9.1 Develop HR Plan


1. Enterprise Environmental FactorsOrganizational

Technical

Interpersonal

Logistical

Political

Constraints to HR Planning

Organizational Structure

Collective Bargaining Agreements

Economic Conditions

Develop HR Plan: Inputs (1)


2. Organization Process Assets

Templates

Checklists

3. Activity Resource Requirements

HR Planning: Inputs (2)


1. Organizational Charts and Position Description

Hierarchical-type charts

Matrix-based Charts

Text-oriented Formats

Other Sections of the Project Plan

Develop HR Plan: T & T (1)


2. Networking

3. Organizational Theory

Develop HR Plan: T & T (2)


1. Human Resource Plan

Roles and Responsibilities: Project Manager, Team Members, Functional Manager, Business Analyst, Sponsor, … etc.

Role

Authority

Responsibility

Competency

Develop HR Plan: Outputs (1)


Project Organization Charts



Staffing Management Plan:

Describes the entrance and release criteria human resources into the project.

Includes resource Histograms and time-tables which illustrate resource usage in the project



Understand the key environmental factors and the

three constraints that can impact the Human

Resource Planning process

Using templates and checklists is one way to

ensure that you don’t miss any key responsibilities

when planning the project and will help reduce the

amount of time spent in planning

RAM relates the OBS to WBS to assure that every

component of work is assigned to an individual

Exam Spotlights


You have been assigned as a project manager for a software development project. The project team consists of 15 team members. You want to understand who is responsible for doing what in the project. Where can you find this information?

A. Responsibility Assignment Matrix

B. Resource Histogram

C. Bar Chart

D. Project Organization Chart

Quiz 1

5/19/2009

The answer is A14Prepared by: Waleed El-Naggar

What type of organization is BEST for managing complex projects involving cross disciplinary efforts?

A. Projectized

B. Functional

C. Line

D. Matrix

Quiz 2

5/19/2009

The answer is D

15Prepared by: Waleed El-Naggar

Attain & assign human resources to the project.

Staff may come from inside or outside the organization

Project Manager does not always have control over team members selection.

Beware of Halo Effect: “You are a great programmer, so when we hire you project manager we expect you to be great”.

9.2 Acquire Project Team


1. Project Management Plan Roles & Responsibilities

Project Organization Chart

Staffing Management Plan

2. Enterprise Environmental Factors Availability

Ability

Experience

Interests

Cost

Location

3. Organizational Process Assets

Acquire Project Team: Inputs

5/19/200917Prepared by: Waleed El-Naggar

1. Pre-Assignment

2. Negotiation

3. Acquisition

4. Virtual Teams

Acquire Project Team T&T


1. Project Staff Assignment

2. Resource Calendar: documents the time periods

each project team member can work on the

project.

3. Project Management Plan Updates.

Acquire Project Team Outputs


Should understand the importance of the availability, experience levels, interests, cost, and abilities of the resource.

Exam Spotlight


The MOST common causes of conflict are project schedules, project priorities and:

A. Personalities

B. Resources

C. Cost

D. Management

Quiz 3

5/19/2009

The Answer is B


During project planning in a matrix organization, the project manager determines that additional human resources are needed. From whom would he/she request these resources?

A. Functional Manager

B. Team

C. Project Sponsor

D. Human Resources Department

Quiz 4

5/19/2009

The Answer is A


A project manager must publish a project schedule.

Activities, start/end times and resources are identified.

What should the project manager do NEXT?

A. Distribute the schedule according to communication

plan.

B. Confirm availability of resources

C. Refine the project plan to reflect more accurate cost

information.

D. Publish a bar chart illustrating the timeline.

Quiz 5

5/19/2009

The Answer is B


Creating and open, encouraging environment

for your team

Developing & enhancing the team into an

effective, functioning, and coordinated group.

It’s complicated in matrix structures where

there are dual reporting relationships.

9.3 Develop Project Team


1. Project Staff Assignments

2. Project Management Plan

3. Resource Calendar

Develop Project Team: Inputs


1. Interpersonal Skills (Soft Skills):

Understand sentiments of TMs, anticipate

actions, acknowledge concerns and follow up

their issues.

2. Training:

Technical

Soft skills

Develop Project Team: T&T (1)


3. Team Building Activities: to improve interpersonal

relationships and team cohesiveness, may be by

involving team members in planning.



4. Ground Rules: decreases conflicts and

increases productivity.

5. Co-location: Placing team members or most

of them in the same location.

6. Recognition & Reward: Formal actions to

promote high performance and involve

effective systems to link between

performance and reward.



Theory X : Workers need to be watched, hate work and responsibility. Managers must use coercion, threats & various control schemes to get workers to meet objectives.

Theory Y : Workers can work without supervision, they want to achieve, and can make their own decisions. Workers enjoy the satisfaction of esteem and self-actualization needs.

Motivational Theory

5/19/2009

1. McGregor’s Theory : X and Y

Ouchi’s Theory Z: based on the participative management style of the Japanese. workers are motivated by a sense of commitment, opportunity & advancement.


Motivational Theory

5/19/2009

2. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs


There are two factors that

contribute to motivation:

Hygiene factors deal with

work environment issues.

Those factors prevent

dissatisfaction but do not

necessarily bring satisfaction.

Motivational factors: factors

produce job satisfaction

Motivational Theory

5/19/2009

3. Hygiene Theory


The expectation of a positive outcome drives

motivation. People will behave in certain ways if they

think there will be good rewards for doing so

This theory also says that people become what you

expect of them.

Motivational Theory

5/19/2009

4. Expectancy Theory


Achievement Theory says that people are motivated by the need for three things: achievement, power, and affiliation.

The achievement motivation is obviously the need to achieve or succeed.

The power motivation involves a desire for influencing the behavior of others.

The need for affiliation is relationship oriented. Workers want to have friendships with their coworkers and a sense of camaraderie with their fellow team members. The strength of your team members’ desire for each of these will drive their performance on various activities.

Motivational Theory

5/19/2009

5. Achievement Theory


Power is the potential ability to influence behavior to get people to do things they would not otherwise do.

Types of power include:

Coercive power (Penalty)

Legitimate power (Formal)

Expert power

Reward power

Referent power

Powers of the Project Manager


1. Team Performance Assessment:

Improvement in skills to allow for higher

performance.

Improvement in competencies and moral.

Reduced turnover rates

2. Enterprise Environmental Factors Updates

Develop Project Team: Outputs



Different teams progress through the stages of development at different rates. When new team members are brought onto the team, the development stages start all over again.

Remember that Herzberg was the inventor of the Hygiene Theory and that this theory claims that hygiene factors prevent dissatisfaction while motivators lead to satisfaction

Understand the theories of motivation.

Understand the different types of project manager powers

Exam Spotlights


Project performance appraisals are different from team performance assessment in that project performance appraisals focus on:

A. How an individual team member is performing on the project

B. An evaluation of the project team’s effectiveness

C. A team building effort

D. Reducing the staff turnover rate

Quiz 6

5/19/2009

The Answer is A


A PM is trying to settle a dispute between team members. One says

the systems should be integrated before testing, and the other wants

each system be tested before integration. The project involves 12

systems that need to be integrated and deadline of the project is of

high priority. What is the BEST statement the PM can make to

resolve the conflict?

A. Do it my way

B. Let’s calm down and get the job done

C. Let’s discuss this issue in our next meeting.

D. Let’s do some limited testing before integration and finish the

testing after the integration.

Quiz 7

5/19/2009

The Answer is D - Compromise


Tracking & reporting on the performance of

individual team members. Performance

appraisals are prepared and conducted, issues

are identified and resolved & feedback is given to

the team members

9.4 Manage Project Team


1. Project Staff Assignments.

2. Project Management Plan.

3. Team Performance Assessment: formal and

informal.

4. Work Performance Information: e.g. CPI & SPI.

5. Organizational Process Assets.

Manage Project Team: Inputs


1. Observation and conversation: PMs talk to

people to understand what is going on.

2. Project Performance Appraisals: Evaluation of

employees from people who supervise them.

3. Issue Log: document issues, deadlines and

issue owner.

4. Interpersonal Skills

Manage Project Team: T&T (1)


4. Conflict Management

Manage Project Team: T&T (2)


Sources of Conflict


1. Enterprise Environmental Factors Updates

2. Organizational Process Assets Updates

3. Requested Changes.

4. Updated Project Plan.

Manage Project Team: Outputs


Take note that the PMBOK states that one of the outcomes or results of the Manage Project Team process is an update to the staffing management plan. However, staffing management plan updates are not listed as an output of this process

Understand the different conflict resolution techniques

Exam Spotlights


Create a project team directory

Negotiate with resource managers for the best available resources.

Understand the team members’ needs for training related to the project and make sure they get it.

Create a formal staffing plan.

Prepare reports for team members’ performance.

Make sure team members are motivated.

Create a reward system.

PM HRM Responsibilities


Q: What conflict Resolution technique is a project

manager using when he says, “ I cannot deal with this

issue now!”

A. Problem Solving

B. Forcing

C. Withdrawal

D. Compromising

Quiz 8

5/19/2009The Answer is C


All the following forms of powers are derived from the

project manager’s position except:

A. Formal

B. Reward

C. Penalty

D. Expert

Quiz 9

5/19/2009The Answer is D


05 human resources management

Documents

project planning

project roles

project schedule

project plan5192009prepared

project relationships

project priorities

project teamconsists

project sponsord