05 Deuteronomy 102

DeuteronomyDr. Rick Griffith, Singapore Bible College

www.biblestudydownloads.com

 Renewal of the Mosaic Covenant

1. Numbers can be described in terms of its key word which is: _______________________.

2. Because of the people's rebellion, their journey from Sinai to the Promised Land required ____ years

Preparation

39

REVIEW QUIZ ON NUMBERS

Walk Through The Bible ©1989

"Duet-Run-On-Me"

• Historical review• Instructions for a new

generation

Deuteronomy Basic Outline

1000

2000

AD

1000

2000

3000

Flood

Creation

AbrahamDavid

Jesus

Today

New Creation

ChurchKings

Tribes

DEUTERONOMYTimeline

ExodusApril 1445

DeuteronomyFebruary 1, 1405

1410

1405

1415

1 4 2 0

1425

1430

1435

1440

1445

40 years

Wilderness Wandering Chronology

Mt. Sinai

Kadesh- barnea

Mt. Hor

Geographical Start of Deuteronomy

Moab

Moses & Aaron

and sons

MeraritesGershonites

Kohathites

ES

NWEphraimManasseh

Benjamin

JudahIssacharZebulun

GadSimeon

Reuben

DanAsher

Naphtali

Numbers 2

142

Locations of Tribes & Levites

©2003 TBBMI 7.5.03c.42Handbook pg. 26-29

ANCIENT JERICHO

DEAD SEAJORDAN RIVER

From Jericho...Looking East Across the Jordan River

MODERN JERICHOJOSHUA

Jericho/Ai

Crossing to Jericho

Most quoted Old Testament book:• 356 times in the OT• 49 times in the NT

One Uniqueness of Deuteronomy

142

Episode 1

Ancient Near East Productions

presents…

to be continued…E P I S O D E

1

Deuteronomaire?

Who Wants to Be a…

"Elleh haddebarim," the Hebrew title of the book we call

"Deuteronomy," means what?

a. 2nd law

d. 5th book

c. God speaks

b. These are the words

Which one of the Ten Commandments includes a promise?

Deuteronomy 5:16

a. You shall not murder

d. None of the above

c. Honor your father & mother

b. You shall not steal

Promise Commandment

Deuteronomy 6:4-9 "Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is one…." is known as the…?

a. Shema

d. Debarin

c. Aaronic benediction

b. Mezzuzah

Monotheism

Deuteronomy 29:29 "The secret things belong to the LORD our God, but the things revealed belong to _____ forever…"

a. us who learn them

d. All of the above

c. us & our children

b. us & those near to us

Secret Things

Who did Moses appoint to succeed him?

Deuteronomy 31:1

a. Aaron

d. Miriam

c. Caleb

b. Joshua

Successor to Moses

Where did Moses die?Deuteronomy 32:49-50; 34:1, 5

a. Mt. Sinai

d. Mt. Nebo

c. Mt. Faber

b. Mt. Horeb

Where Moses Died

a. Joshua

d. Aaron

c. God

b. Israelites

Who buried Moses?

Ancient Near East Productions

presents…

E P I S O D E 2

Episode 2

WELCOME

to the

deuteros = "second"nomos = "law"

Book of the Law 2nd Edition

Meaning of the Title

The "Book of the Law" motivated Josiah"Then Shaphan the scribe told the king, saying, 'Hilkiah the priest has given me a book.' And Shaphan read it before the king… when the king heard the words of the Law, that he tore his clothes" (2 Chron. 34: 18-19).

BOOK KEY IDEA

THE NATION

THE PEOPLE

GOD'S CHARACTER

GOD'S ROLE

GOD'S COMMAND

Genesis Beginnings Chosen Prepared Powerful Sovereign

Creator "Let there be"

Exodus Redemption Delivered Redeemed Merciful Deliverer "Let my people go"

Leviticus Worship Set Apart Taught Holy Sanctifier "Be holy"

Numbers Wandering Directed Tested Just Sustainer "Go in!"

Deut. Renewed Covenant

Made Ready

Retaught Loving Lord Rewarder "Obey!"

Bruce Wilkinson & Kenneth Boa, Talk Thru the Bible (Nashville, TN: Nelson, 1983)

The Pentateuch 55a

Introduction & Title Author

Date & Setting

these are the words

Moses except Deut 34

1405 B.C. at the plains of Moab

148The Basics

147

Key Word Renewal

Key Verse"Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God,

the LORD is one. Love the LORD your God with all your heart and

with all your soul and with all your strength" (Deut. 6:4-5)

Keys to the Book

Summary Statement

147

Moses preaches & records sermons which expound the Law in order to

encourage Israel's new generation in renewal of the covenant at Sinai,

resulting in blessing in Canaan for obedience, not cursing for disobedience.

Characteristics149-150

A. Deuteronomy is one of the most influential books in the OT with many quotations by the prophets & is most quoted in the NT.  

B. Deuteronomy has the famous Shema ("Hear"): "Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is one" (6:4).  

C. This final book of Moses includes the greatest commandment–that Israel is to love the LORD with totality of heart, soul, and strength (6:5).

Characteristics149-150

D. This writing also is the 1st to mention the Great Tribulation (4:29-31).

E. The test for determining true & false prophets is found only in Deuteronomy (18:20-22).

F. Deuteronomy explains the Land Covenant more than any book of Scripture (chs. 29–30).

G. The structure is unique in Scripture as it most closely follows a similar (but not identical) pattern of the 15th century vassal treaty.

1st 1–4

4th 31–34

Historical

3rd 27–30

Christ: The Prophet Deuteronomy 18:18-19

2nd 5–26

Prol

ogue

1:6

–4:4

9G

ener

al la

ws

5

–11

Spec

ific

law

s

12–

26

Cove

nant

Fare

wel

l

DeathLegislative

Moses' Sermons

Prophetic

Prea

mbl

e 1:

1-5

Book Chart

149-150

Element Explanation Parallel in Deuteronomy

1. Preamble Introduction to the treaty

Introduction: Historical Setting / Moses as

Covenant Mediator (1:1-4)

2. Historical PrologueHistory of the king's

dealings with the vassal

Sermon #1: Historical Prologue(1:5–4:43)

3. General Stipulation Call for wholehearted allegiance to the king

Sermon #2: Covenant Obligations (4:44–11:32)

4. Specific StipulationsDetailed laws required

of vassal to show allegiance

Sermon #2 cont'd: Specific Laws (Chs. 12–26)

Suzerain-Vassal FormatGeorge E. Mendenhall, Law and Covenant in Israel and the Ancient Near East (The Biblical Archaeologist, 17.2 [May 1954], 26-46 and 17.3 [Sept. 1954], 49-76; repr. Pittsburgh: The Presbyterian Board of Colportage of Western Pennsylvania, 1955), 878-79

George E. Mendenhall, Law and Covenant in Israel and the Ancient Near East (The Biblical Archaeologist, 17.2 [May 1954], 26-46 and 17.3 [Sept. 1954], 49-76; repr. Pittsburgh: The Presbyterian Board of Colportage of Western Pennsylvania, 1955), 878-79

Element Explanation Parallel in Deuteronomy

5. Divine Witnesses Deities called to witness the treaty

Heaven & earth witness since no deities exist

(4:26; 30:19; 31:28; 32:1)

6. Blessings & CursesResults for obeying or disobeying the treaty

Sermon #3: Blessings & Curses

(Chs. 27–28)

Sermon #4: Covenant Summary

(Chs. 29–30)

Narrative / Sermons: Transition of the

Covenant Mediator from Moses to Joshua

(Chs. 31–34)

Suzerain-Vassal Format 149-150

Where Does the Idea of Covenant Come From? Genesis

1:1–2:3

"A Great King in authority over lesser rulers, with a historical background of doing good to them, with commands and with blessings, but also a curse in case of disobedience. These facts about the Genesis creation account are the stuff of covenant, and primordially so."

Jeffrey J. Niehaus, "Covenant: An Idea in the Mind of God," JETS 52 (2009): 61

What God has Done-Expects-Will Do147

At the plains of Moab…The book of Deuteronomy was added to the canon by the time Moses died

East of the Jordan in the territory of Moab, Moses tells the story…The Desert Years"The LORD your God has blessed you in all the work of your hands. He has watched over your journey through this vast desert. These forty years the LORD your God has been with you, and you have not lacked anything" (Deut. 2:7).

God's Watch Care

Historical Introduction (1:1-5)

40-years of Desert Wandering (1:6-46)

The Conquest of Sihon & Og (2:1–3:11)

Tribes of Reuben & Gad (3:12-20)

Review of God's Acts (3:21-29)

Moses Exhortation (4:1-43)

Sermon #1: Historical Review (1:5–4:43)

Introduction to Decalogue (4:44–5:33)

The Shema (6–11)

Religious & Ceremonial Laws (12:1–16:17)

Civil and Social Laws (16:18–26:19)

Sermon # 2: Stipulations (4:44–26:19)

Hear now, O Israel, the decrees and LAWS I am about to teach you…

4 Hear (SHEMA), O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is one.5 Love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength.6 These commandments that I give you today are to be upon your hearts.7 Impress them on your children. Talk about them when you sit at home and when you walk along the road, when you lie down and when you get up.

Deuteronomy 6:4-7

The Jewish Shema

"Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God,

the LORD is one"(Deut. 6:4)

Islam's Daily Proclamation

"I attest that there is no God if not God Himself, and I attest

that Muhammad is the Messenger of God"

Let's contrast the Bible with writings sacred to other religions…

• This penetrating work in 2003 minces no words concerning the Koran and Islam

The Qur'an According to Edward Gibbon

"[The Qur'an is an] incoherent rhapsody of fable and precept and declaration which seldom excites a sentiment or an idea, which sometimes crawls in the dust and is sometimes lost in the clouds. . . . The use of fraud and perfidy, of cruelty and injustice, were often subservient to the propagation of the faith, . . . Mohammed commanded or approved the assassination of Jews and idolaters, . . .

The Qur'an According to Edward Gibbon

"Mohammed indulged the appetites of a man and abused the claims of a prophet. A special revelation dispensed him from the laws which he had imposed upon his nation. The female sex, without reserve, was abandoned to his desires."

--Edward Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, vol. 5

(cited in Don Richardson, Secrets of the Koran, 65-66)

How Qur'an begins

"In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. Praise be to Allah, the Cherisher

and Sustainer of the worlds; Most Gracious, Most Merciful; Master of the Day of

Judgment. You (alone) do we worship, and Your aid we seek.

Show us the straight way, The way of those on whom You have bestowed Your Grace,

those whose (portion) is not wrath, and who go not astray."

But Not All Monotheism is the Same…Biblical

Non-Trinitarian TrinitarianNo Relationship within Himself

Attributes Stem from His Will

Essentially ArbitraryCan't Be Known or

Trusted

In Relationship within Himself

Attributes Stem from Holy Nature

Inherently ConsistentCan Be Both Known

and TrustedImad Shehadeh, "The Predicament of Islamic Monotheism," Bibliotheca Sacra

161 (April-June 2004): 162.

Islamic

is

isisSon

GOD

Father

Spirit

H. Wayne House, Charts of Christian Theology and Doctrine, 45

The Trinity Diagrammed

Hear & ObeyDeuteronomy 6:4-12 (ESV)

4"Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one. 5You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might.

6And these words that I command you today shall be on your heart.

7 You shall teach them diligently to your children, and shall talk of them

when you sit in your house, and when you walk by the way, and when

you lie down, and when you rise. 8You shall bind them as a sign on your hand, and they shall be as

frontlets between your eyes.

9 You shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates. 10

"And when the Lord your God brings you into the land that he swore to your

fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, to give you—with great and good cities that you did not build,

11 and houses full of all good things that you did not fill, and cisterns that you did not dig, and vineyards and

olive trees that you did not plant—and when you eat and are full, 12 then take

care lest you forget the Lord, who brought you out of the land of Egypt,

out of the house of slavery.

Remember the Lord Your GodDeut. 8:1-5 (ESV)

"The whole commandment that I command you today you shall be

careful to do, that you may live and multiply, and go in and possess the land that the LORD swore to give to

your fathers (8:1).

"And you shall remember the whole way that the LORD your God has led

you these forty years in the wilderness, that he might humble you, testing you

to know what was in your heart, whether you would keep his

commandments or not" (8:2).

"And he humbled you and let you hunger and fed you with manna, which you did not know, nor did your fathers

know, that he might make you know that man does not live by bread alone,

but man lives by every word that comes from the mouth of the LORD" (8:3).

"Your clothing did not wear out on you and your foot did not swell these forty

years.

5 Know then in your heart that, as a man disciplines his son, the Lord your

God disciplines you" (8:4-5).

Ceremony to admonish the Law (27)

"Blessing" tribes on Mt. Gerizim (28)

Sermon #3 : Blessings & Curses (27–28)

Mount Gerizim Looking East

Mount Ebal

(cursing) Mount Gerizim

(blessing)

Ceremony to admonish the Law (27)

"Blessing" tribes on Mt. Gerizim (28)

"Cursing" tribes on Mt. Ebal (28)

Sermon #3 : Blessings & Curses (27–28)

Blessings & Curses

Your towns and your fields will be blessed (3)

Your children and your crops will be blessed (4)

Your fruit baskets and bread-boards will be blessed (5)

Wherever you go and whatever you do, you will be blessed (6)

Your enemies will attack you from one direction, but they will scatter

from you in seven! (7)

You will lend to many nations, but you will never need to borrow

from them (12)

Your towns and your fields will be cursed (16)

Your children and your crops will be cursed (17)

Your fruit baskets and bread-boards will be cursed (18)

Wherever you go and whatever you do, you will be cursed (19)

You will attack your enemies from one direction, but you will scatter

from them in seven! (25)

They will lend to money to you, but you will not lend to them

(44)

154220Deut. 28

154220Prophetic Curses

Why?

ExileDeut. 28

Appeal for covenant obedience (29)

Scattering & Restoration of Israel (30:1-10)

Ratification of LAND COVENANT (30:11-20) - Prosperity for Obedience (life) - Destruction for Disobedience (death)

Sermon # 4: Covenant Renewal (29–30)

©2003 TBBMI 7.5.03b.

Abrahamic CovenantGen. 12:1-3

LAND SEED BLESSING

7

• UNCONDITIONAL

• ETERNAL• LITERAL

Gen. 13:15; Gen. 15

L - S - BThe CALL

ABRAHAM

316

Handbook pg. 19-24

Literal * Eternal * Unconditional

©2003 TBBMI 7.5.03c.

1 When all these blessings and curses I have set before you come upon you and you take them to heart wherever the Lord your God disperses you among the nations, 2and when you and your children return to the Lord your God and obey him with all your heart and with all your soul according to everything I command you today, 3then the Lord your God will restore your fortunes and have compassion on you and gather you again from all the nations where he scattered you. 4Even if you have been banished to the most distant land under the heavens, from there the Lord your God will gather you and bring you back (NIV).

EXILE & RETURN PROMISED7

27

44Deuteronomy 30:1-4

©2003 TBBMI 7.5.03c.

5 He will bring you to the

land that belonged to your fathers, and you will take possession of it. He will make you more prosperous and numerous than your fathers. 6 The Lord your God will circumcise your hearts and the hearts of your descendants so that you may love him with all your heart and with all your soul, and live. (NIV)

THE LAND PROMISES7

40

MOSES

SinaiM - C - C

Kadesh Barnea40

5 Sermons

Exodus

27Handbook pg. 26-29

Deuteronomy 30

©2003 TBBMI 7.5.03c.

Abrahamic CovenantGen. 12: 1-3

LAND SEED BLESSING

7

Deut 30:1-10

Land 40

MOSES

SinaiM - C - C

Kadesh Barnea40

5 Sermons

Exodus

28Handbook pg. 26-29

The Land Amplification

Noahic Covenant

Adam rules with God

(Gen. 1:26, 28; 2:19)

Satan rules as god of this world (Gen.

3:15; 2 Cor. 4:4)

Abra

ham

ic

Cove

nant

Land Covenant

Davidic Covenant

New Covenant

Mosaic Covenant

God covenants with Abraham to reestablish man's rule via Israel as a "kingdom of priests" (Gen.

12:1-3; Exod. 19:6)

Kingdom Teaching...

Fall of Man (Gen. 3)

Israel's failure to witness to nations as a kingdom of priests is judged via exile under

foreign rule

Jeremiah 31:31-34 promises:• Forgiveness• Indwelling Spirit• New heart, nature, mind• Reunification of Israel and Judah• No need for evangelism

2 Samuel 7:12-16 promises perpetual:• Sons ("house" never wiped out)• Kingdom (political dynasty)• Throne (right to rule by descendants)• Temple (son to build it)

Genesis 15:18 (cf. Deut. 30:1-10) promises:• Land from Wadi of Egypt to Euphrates River (Isa. 27:12)• Eternal possession of land (Gen. 17:8) after

exile/restoration• Whole world blessed via the land (Isa. 14:1-2)

Jesus extends His kingdom in mystery form to

the Church (Matt. 13)

Israel rejects Messiah's offer of

kingdom (Matt. 12:41-42; 23:37-

39)

Christ subdues Israel's enemies

and nation believes (Rom.

11:26-27)

Israel judged for rejecting Messiah by dispersion away from land for 19 centuries

(AD 70–AD 1948) but now partially restored (Ezek. 37:1-7)

Christ is Head over His Church, which is a

spiritual temple (Eph. 2:19-22; 2 Cor. 6:16)

Mosaic Law replaced with first three elements

of the New Covenant (Luke 22:20; 2 Cor. 3:6)

MESSIANIC KINGDOMMillennial Eternal

Full restoration

(Ezek. 37:8-28) Jerusalem

world capital(Isa. 2:1-5)

New Jerusalem(Rev. 21–

22)

Christ reigns over the world (Isa. 11)

with saints (Rev. 5:10;

20:4-6)

Christ rules over everything with saints (Eph. 1:9-10; Rev. 20:1-6;

22:5b)

land

seed

bles

sing

Gen

esis

12:

1-3

Christ hands

kingdom over to

Father (1 Cor. 15:24)

Scripture has a dual kingdom-covenant emphasis. Israel's role from Abraham to Christ expands to include the Church (continuity) yet the Church never replaces the nation as the "new Israel" (discontinuity). Israel will again enjoy world prominence after trusting in Christ at His second coming.

ISRAEL CHURCH(National Focus) The "New Man" (Eph. 2:15)

Sixth Edition15 June 2012

All 5 elements fulfilled in national

restoration (Zech. 8)

All things made new! (Rev. 21:5)

Temporary (Gal. 3:19) and conditional (Deut. 28) to reveal sin (Rom. 7:7) and regulate Israel (Gal. 3:23-25)

Law abolished, fulfilled, and replaced at the cross (Rom. 7:1-

6;1 Cor. 9:19-21; Heb. 8:13)

Genesis 6:18; 9:8-17

Kingdom & Covenants Timeline

22 &337

Joshua & Book of Law (31)

Song of Moses (32)

Moses blesses Israel (33)

Moses rests in peace (34)

Transition: Leadership Succession (31–34)

LOVE & O B E Y

What does it have to do with me?

Black

• Criminal • Civil• Family• Religious• Charitable

Categories of the Mosaic Law

• Apodictic laws (absolute, unconditional commands or prohibitions)

• Casuistic laws (case law, "If A, then B," representative, illustrative)

Kinds of Law in the Mosaic Covenant

• a distinctive geographical and climatic condition

•  the culture of the ancient Near East

• a specific religious context of the ancient Near East

The law was designed for people living in . . .

• The Mosaic Law is not binding on Christians today since its covenant authority has ended.

• Some provisions are repeated or renewed in the new covenant.

•  The Mosaic Law has been personalized in Jesus Christ

• The people of God are now internationalized beyond ethnic Israel, so a new covenant is needed

Mosaic Law Today?

It reveals: • Who God is• What God expects• What sin is

The Law is not regulatory, but it is revelatory.

Covenants of Promise

Administrative CovenantsHow to experience the blessing

Abrahamic Davidic

Mosaic Israel's terms of

obedience

New Terms of obedience

under Messiah

Walt Russell, Playing with Fire, p. 121BLESSING

Superceded by

Amplified by

Two Basic Types of Covenants for Blessing

Adapted from Walt Russell, Biola University

Black

(Deuteronomy 6:4-5)"Hear O Israel:

The LORD our God, the LORD is one.

Love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength"

A Song

• The Hebrew title is "These Are The Words" (~yrib;D]hæ hL,a, 'elleh haddebarim) from the first two words according to ancient methods of titling. This is a better title as the book records Moses' sermons to expound the Law (1:5).

Name of the Book 148

• Deuteronomy means "second law" (Greek: deu,teroj, second, and no,moj, law) – the book actually adapts & expands upon the original law given on Mount Sinai.

• This English title stems from the Septuagint mistranslation of Deuteronomy 17:18 as "this repetition of the Law" (correctly rendered "this copy of the Law" in English translations).

Authorship –External Evidence

The ancient Jewish, Samaritan, & Christian testimonies uniformly attribute the authorship of Deuteronomy to Moses.

Other Old Testament passages refer to the entire Pentateuch as Mosaic.

Christ Himself considered the book authoritative in His quotations of Deuteronomy during His temptation.

148

Internal Evidence148

Mosaic authorship of Deuteronomy has been held almost universally by both Jews & Christians until the rise of the 19th century liberal critics. They don't know who wrote it, but they still assume it cannot be Moses for 4 reasons: 

2. They claim the book commands a central sanctuary (12:1-14) at Jerusalem to combat the worship at the "high places" in Israel's later history.

1. These liberals believe the "book of the Law" found 800 years after Moses in Josiah's reign was a "pious forgery" of Deuteronomy written in Josiah's era (2 Chron. 34:14ff.).The book does not claim that Jerusalem is this central

sanctuary, but rather cites Mount Ebal (27:1-8). This would be a significant oversight for a forger seeking to

motivate Israel to replace the high places for true worship in Jerusalem.

No one knows the identity of the "book of the Law" & the production of "pious frauds" is virtually unknown in the Near East as well as unethical. The structure of the

book also fits the time of Moses, not Josiah.

3. Some material is post-Mosaic (2:10-12, 20-23; 3:13b-14; ch. 34).

Internal Evidence 148

The Mosaic authorship of Deuteronomy has been held almost universally by both Jews & Christians until the rise of the 19th century liberal critics. They don't know

who wrote it, but they still assume this cannot be Moses for 4 reasons: 

4. It contains accurate predictions concerning Israel's exile and regathering (4:25-31; 28:20-68; 29:22-28; 30:1-10; 32:23-43).

It is true that these are later additions but this does not provide convincing evidence that Moses did not record

the bulk of the book. Neither is inspired editorial activity incompatible with the doctrine of inspiration. Liberals reveal their anti-supernatural bias here, which

supposes that even God cannot know the future!

These four arguments are also unconvincing since the book explicitly claims Mosaic authorship over 40 times. The book also

views Canaan from the outside, assumes the hearers remember the wilderness, describes Israel as living in tents, indicates firsthand knowledge of geographical and historical

details, & follows the suzerain treaty form of the 15th and 14th centuries.

Circumstances 149

DateMoses died before Israel entered the Promised Land (Deut. 34) in 1405 BC. The

Book of Deuteronomy records his last words to the nation in this strategic year.

Recipients

The original readers

comprised the new

generation of Jews in

Moab with Moses who

heard him preach the

sermons recorded in

Deuteronomy.

OccasionThe nation had been elected by God (Genesis), redeemed from Egypt with a completed tabernacle (Exodus), instructed for a

month in holy living (Leviticus), and prepared for possession of the land through forty years in the wilderness (Numbers).

At this point the new generation was poised for subduing the land, having arrived at the plains of Moab just across from the

Jordan River. Seeing his imminent death and the strategic time in the nation's history, Moses preached several significant sermons,

then wrote them down to encourage Israel to love, believe, and obey God in order to receive His blessings.

Argument150

Deuteronomy follows the suzerain-vassal treaty format common in its time.

In this book, the LORD (the suzerain) uses Moses as His covenant mediator to guide the new generation of Israel (the vassal) into a renewal of the Mosaic Covenant made with the former generation which died in the desert.

After the introduction (1:1-4), this covenant renewal is accomplished by reminding Israel of what the LORD had already done for the nation (1:5–4:43).

Argument150

Moses then expounds upon the stipulations to which Israel as the vassal must agree for the renewal to be instituted (4:44–26:19), and the results of both obeying or defaulting upon the covenant (chs. 27–28).

The final appeal for obedience (chs. 29–30) is followed by the transition from Moses to Joshua as the covenant mediator (chs. 31–34) since the final chapter records Moses' death.

Synthesis150-151

1:5–4:43#1: Historical Prologue

1:1-4Preamble: Setting / Mediator

Renewal of the covenant

4:44–26:19#2: Stipulations

Synthesis 150-151

29–30 #4: Covenant Summary

27–28 #3: Blessings and Curses

Renewal of the covenant

31–34 Leadership Transition

Outline 151-155

I. (1:1-4) Preamble: The historical setting of Moses' sermons is the desert east of Canaan after the new generation has conquered the Transjordan and before it possesses Canaan, which provides the context for the Palestinian Covenant.

II. (1:5–4:43) Historical Prologue: Moses' first sermon provides an historical review of God's deliverance and provision when the people obeyed and judgment when they rebelled to exhort them to obey the Law and resist idolatry.

III.(4:44–26:19) Stipulations: Moses' second sermon delineates the general covenant obligations and specific laws that God expects of the nation to help Israel show total allegiance to the LORD as King.

Outline 151-155

IV. (Chaps. 27–28) Moses' third sermon commands renewal of the covenant and pronounces blessings for obedience and curses for disobedience to motivate obedience to the covenant.

V. (Chaps. 29–30) Moses' fourth sermon appeals for covenant obedience and assures ultimate blessing to motivate Israel to obey the covenant.

VI. (Chaps. 31–34) The transition from Moses to Joshua as the covenant mediator instructs Israel in God's faithful provision for the continuity of the covenant while warnings of apostasy assert Israel's need to obey the covenant.

Major Social Concerns in the Mosaic CovenantThe Bible Visual Resource Book, 39

156

PersonhoodEveryone's person is to be secure (Exod. 20:13; 21:16-21, 26-31; Lev. 19:14; Deut. 5:17; 24:7; 27:18).

Fruit of the GroundEveryone is to share the fruit of the ground (Exod. 23:10-11; Lev. 19:9-10; 23:22; 25:3-55; Deut. 14:28-29; 24:19-21).

False AccusationEveryone is to be secure against slander & false accusation (Exod. 20:16; 23:1-3; Lev. 19:16; Deut. 5:20; 19:15-21).

Rest on SabbathEveryone, down to the humblest servant & the resident alien, is to share in the weekly rest of God's Sabbath(Exod. 20:8-11; 23:12; Deut. 5:12-15).

WomanNo woman is to be taken advantage of within her subordinate status in society(Exod. 21:7-11, 20, 26-32; 22:16-17; Deut. 21:10-14; 22:13-30; 24:1-5).

MarriageThe marriage relationship is to be kept pure (Exod. 20:14; Lev. 18:6-23; 20:10-21; Deut. 5:18, 22:13-30).

PunishmentPunishment for wrongdoing shall not be excessive so that the culprit is dehumanized (Deut. 25:1-5).

ExploitationNo one—disabled, poor or powerless—can be oppressed or exploited (Exod. 22:21-27; Lev. 19:14,33-34; 25:35-36; Deut. 23:19; 24:6,12-15,17; 27:18).

156

DignityEvery Israelite's dignity & right to be God's freedman & servant are to be honored & safeguarded (Exod. 21:2,5-6; Lev. 25; Deut. 15:12-18).

Fair TrialEveryone is to have free access to the courts & is to be afforded a fair trial (Ex. 23:6,8; Lev 19:15; Deut. 1:17; 10:17-18; 16:18-20; 17:8-13; 19:15-21).

InheritanceEvery Israelite's inheritance in the promised land is to be secure (Lev. 25; Num. 27:5-7; 36:1-9; Deut. 25:5-10).

Social OrderEvery person's God-given place in the social order is to be honoredExod. 20:12; 21:15,17; 22:28; 19:3, 32; 20:9; Deut. 5:16; 17:8-13; 21:15-21; 27:16).

PropertyEveryone's property is to be secure (Exod. 20:15; 21:33-36; 22:1-15; 23:4-5; Lev. 19:35-36; Deut. 5:19; 22:1-4; 25:13-15).

LawNo one is above the law, not even the king(Deut. 17:18-20).

Fruit of laborEveryone is to receive the fruit of his labors(Lev. 19:13; Deut. 24:14; 25:4).

AnimalsConcern for the welfare of other creatures extends to the animal world (Exod. 23:5,11; Lev. 25:7; Deut. 22:4-7; 25:4).

Major Social Concerns in the Mosaic Covenant

The Bible Visual Resource Book, 39

Key OT Texts about the Land 158

Genesis12:7; 13:14-17; 15:7-

21; 17:1-8; 24:7; 28:13-15

Jeremiah

12:14-17; 16:14-15, 18; 18:16; 23:5-8; 30:18-21; 31:10-14, 21-40; 32:37-

41; 33:10-13

Exodus 12:25; 13:5, 11; 32:13; 33:1 Ezekiel 11:17-21; 17:22-24;

34:11-31; 37:1-14

Numbers 11:12; 14:15-16, 23; 32:8 Hosea 13:9–14:9

Deuteronomy 1:8; 6:10; 9:28; 12:20; 19:8; 27:3; 30:5 Micah 2:12

Joshua 23:5 Zephaniah 2:19-20

Isaiah 5:25-26; 11:11-12; 66:19-20 Zechariah 12:10-11

David Larsen, Israel, Gentiles and the Church, 26 (adapted in Jeremiah texts)

Israel's Future (Deut. 28–32) 159

Deuteronomy 28–32 prophesies Israel's future from Moses' time to a future time. These prophecies are repeated throughout the Old Testament.

31:16-21 Israel will turn away from the Lord (began after Joshua's death)

28:15-60 God will judge Israel in the land for her apostasy (period of judges and divided kingdom)

28:32-39, 48-57 Israel will be taken captive (by Assyria and Babylon)

28:33Israel's enemies will possess her land for a time

(Babylon, Persia, Greece, Romans, Catholic Crusades, Muslims, Britain, etc.)

28:38-42; 29:23 The land will remain desolate (AD 70 to AD 1948)

28:63-67; 32:26 Israel will be scattered among the nations "from one end of the earth to the other" (28:64; AD 70 to AD 1948)

Adapted from Wilbur M. Smith, "Prophecies Regarding Israel,"Moody Monthly (December 1958), 39 (Quoted by Larsen, 23-24)

Israel's Future (Deut. 28–32)159

Deuteronomy 28–32 summarizes Israel's future from Moses' time to a time yet future. These prophecies are repeated throughout the Old Testament.

28:62 Israel will be "few in number" (today Jews comprise less than 1% of the world's population)

28:44-45 Though punished, Israel will not be destroyed if she repents

28:40-41; 30:1-2Israel will indeed repent in her tribulation (trials have

continued throughout the ages but will increase in the Great Tribulation)

30:3-10God will regather Israel from the nations and return her

to her divinely given land (began in late 1800s in unbelief as predicted in Ezek. 37:7-8 & continues today)

30:3-13; 28:1-14 Israel's obedience will be blessed in her worldwide acclaim and prosperity in the millennial kingdom

Adapted from Wilbur M. Smith, "Prophecies Regarding Israel," Moody Monthly (December 1958), 39 (Quoted by Larsen, 23-24)

Is Grumbling OK?(After all, aren't most psalms

"Lament Psalms"?)

Why it took Moses 40 years to lead his people

out of the wilderness

SCRIPTURE ISRAEL'S COMPLAINT MOSES' RESPONSE GOD'S RESPONSE

Exod. 14:11 Pharaoh's army Encouraged Israel to trust God Delivered Israel

Exod. 15:24 Bitter water Cried out to God "Healed" the water

Exod. 16:2 Lack of food Rebuked Israel Supplied manna

Exod. 17:2 Lack of water Prayed to the Lord Water from the rock

Num. 11:1 God providing food Anger & prayer Judgment

Num. 14:2 Moses' leadership Pled with Israel, prayed to God Judgment

Num. 162 Moses' leadership Rebuked & prayed Judgment

Num. 16:41 Moses Prayed Judgment

Num. 20:2 Moses & lack of water Rebuked IsraelStruck rock Supplied water

Num. 21:4 Moses & manna No response Judgment

Grumbling in the WildernessPaul N. Benware, Survey of the Old Testament, 68

157a

Covenant Comparisons157b

There are only 4 key eschatological covenants in Scripture. They share these traits in common:

1. Unconditional2. Eternal3. Partially & spiritually fulfilled at present4. Fully & literally fulfilled in the future5. Universal in scope

Covenant Contrasts157b

Abrahamic Land Davidic New

 Definition: God's promise to give Israel…

land, rule, and blessing to benefit the world

physical land from the Wadi of Egypt to the Euphrates River (Gen. 15:18)

political rule of a descendant of David forever from Zion

spiritual blessings of national cleansing and restoration

 Relationship Umbrella Land Seed Blessing

 Key Text Gen. 12:1-3 Deut. 30:1-10 2 Sam. 7:12-16 Jer. 31:31-34

 RecipientDatePlace

Abraham2060 BCUr of Chaldees

Moses1445 BCMt. Sinai

David1004 BCJerusalem

Jeremiah595 BCJerusalem

 Personal Blessings to First Recipient

Possessions & name blessed, son, opposers disciplined

Privilege of seeing Canaan from afar

Sons ("house") never wiped out (Matt. 1:1-17)

–

Abrahamic Land Davidic New

 NationalBlessings

A great nation would come from

Abraham

Reproof (exile)Regathering

Reunited (Isa. 11:11-16)Repentance

Restored landprosperity

Temple (via son)Righteous king to

rule (a Davidic descendant) over a

kingdom where Israel prominent

(Isa. 11:1-5)

Reuniting of Israel and JudahForgiveness

Indwelling SpiritNew heart

100% Christian(Ezek. 36:25-38)

 UniversalBlessings

All nations blessed through Christ

World blessed via visiting Jerusalem (Zech. 14:16-19)

Kingdom (political rule over entire

world)

All the world evangelised

Present (Partial) 

Fulfillment

Church as spiritual seed of Abraham

(Gal. 3:5)

Regathering & rebirth of modern

Israel (Ezek. 37:7-8)

Church as spiritual temple & Christ

awaits rule

Law abolished, forgiveness, new nature and Spirit

indwellingFuture (Full)

Fulfillment

All 4 covenants fulfilled in the

millennial kingdom

Israel given full borders (Ezek. 37:8-

28; 47–48)

Christ rules world (Isa. 2, 11) with

saints (Rev. 5:10)

World 100% Christian and

Israel/Judah reunited

Covenant Contrasts157b

Application147

• True obedience is based on love–not legalism.

• God's general rule is that blessing results from obedience but problems result from disobedience.

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