05-Demographics111

8/12/2019 05-Demographics111

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Population Geography I

(Demography)

The Whereand Whyof Population

Density (Concentration)

Distribution (Location)

Demographics (Characteristics) Dynamics (Over time)

Interpretat ion


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Interpretation

FACT: According to the World Health

Organization (WHO), the death rate inthe United States due to heartdisease is approximately 3x higherthan in Haiti and over 5.5x higherthan in Angola.

This is true because


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Deaths Due to Other CausesTuberculosis Deaths (per 100,000)

U.S. Angola Haiti0* 33 71

AIDS Deaths (per 100,000)U.S. Angola Haiti7.3 78 83

Malaria Deaths (per 100,000)

U.S. Angola Haiti

0* 150 8


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Life Expectancy

U.S. Angola Haiti

M F M F M F

75 80 40 43 59 63


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So Remember!

Data is just abunch of

numbers!

In order toeffectively use

data, you MUST:

Analyze Interpret

Place into the right

context


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Population Density

Not only WHEREpeople are located, but

the DISTRIBUTION(clusteringor

dispersion) of people across or within agiven region

Measured in people per unit of area

People per square mile (mi2)

People per square kilometer (km2)

People per acre


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Population Density


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World Population Density

2010

people per square mi (mi2)


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U.S. Population Densities

(people/mi2) Lower 48 states 95

NJ 1,134 WY 5

Manhattan 66,834

Wisconsin 99

Eau Claire Co. 146

Florence Co. 10

Milwaukee Co. 3885


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World Population Densities(people/mi2)

Australia 7

Bangladesh 2261

Canada 8Netherlands 1002

United States 80

Singapore 17,746Vatican City 4,500


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Distribution:Why do we live where we live?
http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/maps/MAPAFRICA059L.JPG


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Trans-Siberian railroads

in eastern RussiaOmsk


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Demography(Population characteristics)

Ascribed Gender

Race

Age

Achieved

Education

Income

Occupation

Employment

Etc.


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Census:Count of populationand its characteristics

http://galen.metapath.org/popclk.html

According to the U.S. Census Bureau,the total population of the World,

projected to 3/31/14 at 15:57 GMT

(CDT+5) was

7 092 472 645
http://galen.metapath.org/popclk.htmlhttp://galen.metapath.org/popclk.html


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Population Statistics

Birth Rate (per 1,000)

Death Rate (per 1,000)

Fertility Rate (Children born/Woman) Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000)

Natural Increase % (BirthsDeaths per 1,000)

Life Expectancy (years)


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World Birth Rate(births per 1,000 population)


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World Death Rate(deaths per 1,000 population)


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Fertility Rate(# of children per woman of childbearing age)


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Infant Mortality Rate(deaths of infants


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Uneven locally Redareas higher than at least 28Third World countries, including:

Infant Mortality Rate in Philadelphia

Jamaica

CubaArgentina

Costa Rica

South KoreaChile

Malaysia

Panama

Sri Lanka

Taiwan

Uruguay


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Dynamics

Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)

Births- Deaths

RNI


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RNI Figures (%)PERIPHERY

Uganda 3.4Niger 3.4

Mali 3.2

Burkina Faso 3.1

Senegal 2.7

Afghanistan 2.5

Iraq 2.4

Tanzania 2.0

Philippines 2.0

Honduras 1.9

Bolivia 1.7

SEMI-PERIPHERY

Mexico 1.4India 1.4

Brazil 1.1

COREUnited States 0.5

China 0.5

France 0.4

Canada 0.2Denmark 0.0

Hungary -0.3

Serbia -0.5

Ukraine -0.6

R t f N t l I


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Rates of Natural Increase(Birth Rate - Death Rate)


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Russians get day off to

procreate, then win prizesThe Denver Post12/24/2007Moscow - A Russian region of Ulyanovsk has found a novel way to fight the nation's

birth-rate crisis: It has declared Sept. 12 the Day of Conception and for the third year

running is giving couples time off from work to procreate. The hope is for a brood

of babies exactly nine months later on Russia's national day. Couples who "give

birth to a patriot" during the June 12 festivities win money, cars, refrigerators and

other prizes.

Russia, with one-seventh of Earth's land surface, has just 141.4 million citizens,

making it one of the most sparsely settled countries in the world. With a low birth

rate and a high death rate, the population has been shrinking since the early 1990s.

In his state-of-the-nation address last year, President Vladimir Putin called the

demographic crisis the most acute problem facing Russia and announced a broad

effort to boost Russia's birth rate, including cash incentives to families that have

more than one child.

The 2007 grand prize went to Irina and Andrei Kartuzov, who received a UAZ-

Patriot, a sport utility vehicle. Other contestants won video cameras, TVs,

refrigerators and washing machines.

D bli Ti


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Doubling TimeRule of 70

Number of years it will take for populationto double at current growth rate

70Growth Rate =Doubling Time

Growth Rate Doubling TimeUganda 3.4% 21 years

Afghanistan 2.5% 28 years

India 1.4% 50 yearsUnited States .5% 140 years

Denmark 0.0% --

Ukraine -0.6% 117 years* (1/2)

Lif E t


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Life Expectancy


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AGE DYNAMICS


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Dependents: Under 15 &over 65

How many supported by

15-65 group? Problems?

Dependency Ratio

G i f th C


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Low birth and death rates in Core

Low population growth (not includingimmigration)

Steadily older population

Graying of the Core

B b B t

B b B


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Baby Bust

(1965-1980)Baby Boom

(1946-1964)


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Baby Boom impacts yet to come

Population Momentum /Population Echo

Strain on Social Security

Growing health care

costs

Challenge is on YOUto

support them financially!

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2000 2030

Millions

over 65

in U.S.
http://www.worldlifeexpectancy.com/world-population-pyramid


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Population Pyramid

tracks age-sex groups
http://www.worldlifeexpectancy.com/world-population-pyramidhttp://www.worldlifeexpectancy.com/world-population-pyramid


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U.S. (virtually no growth)


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Nigeria (rapid growth)


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Argentina (slow growth)

Ukraine?


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Ukraine?

Germany


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Germany

(effect of wars in 20thCentury)


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China (One-child policy)

Canada 1971 2006


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Canada, 1971-2006


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Russia, 1990-2050


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U.A.E.

Northern Mariana Islands


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Northern Mariana Islands

S Cit (A i ) ti t it


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Sun City (Arizona) retirement community

E Cl i C t


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Eau Claire County

6.4%5.7%5.0%4.4%

Athens County OH
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/USA_Eau_Claire_County%2C_Wisconsin_age_pyramid.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/USA_Eau_Claire_County%2C_Wisconsin_age_pyramid.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/USA_Eau_Claire_County%2C_Wisconsin_age_pyramid.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/USA_Eau_Claire_County%2C_Wisconsin_age_pyramid.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/USA_Eau_Claire_County%2C_Wisconsin_age_pyramid.svg


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Athens County, OH

8.1%8.2%7.0%6.0%
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/USA_Athens_County%2C_Ohio_age_pyramid.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/USA_Athens_County%2C_Ohio_age_pyramid.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/USA_Athens_County%2C_Ohio_age_pyramid.svg


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Demographic Transition Model

Move from high birth and death ratesto low birth and death rates

Took centuries of developmentfor Core to make transition

More difficult for Peripheryto make transition without its

own capital, skills, education


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Demographic Transition

1 2 3 4


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Demographic Transition: Stage 5


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Demographic Transition in Denmark

Core (low birth / death rates)


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Demographic Transition in Chile

Semi-Periphery

(lower death rates, falling birth rates)


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Demographic Transition in Cape Verde, Africa

Periphery (high birth, high death rates)

Thomas Malthus (1766-1834):


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Thomas Malthus (1766-1834):

Theory of Overpopulation

Famine

Disease

War

Hi t f W ld P l ti


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History of World Population

2014

7

Why is Population Growth so High
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Population_curve.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Population_curve.svg


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Why is Population Growth so High

in the Periphery?

Lack of education / information

Lack of career / opportunities

Womens roles (or lack thereof)

Lack of access to technology

(i.e. contraception)

Survival: farm labor, old age

Colonial Legacy: CatholicismQ:Because the Core consumes far

more resources do we, therefore,

foment, encourage, and desire the

(re)production of more cheap,

unskilled young labor?

Population growth is a symptom of poverty

Womens Empowerment:


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Women s Empowerment:

Contraception Rates

Policies to lower birth rate


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Policies to lower birth rate

Forced

One-child policy (China) Coercive population control Gynocide

Infanticide

VoluntaryAvailability of birth control

Incentives for small families

Social Empowerment of women Better health care and education

Significant decrease in child labor

05-Demographics111

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