05 CTR ch03 7/9/04 3:25 PM Page 55 MEASUREMENTS AND …hs.pequannock.org/ourpages/auto/2012/9/6/52493140...05_CTR_ch03 7/9/04 3:25 PM Page 62. Chapter 3 Scientific Measurement 63 Part

Chapter 3 Scientific Measurement 55

Section Review

Objectives• Convert measurements to scientific notation

• Distinguish among the accuracy, precision, and error of a measurement

• Identify the number of significant figures in a measurement and in the result of acalculation

Vocabulary

Key Equations• Error = experimental value � accepted value

• Percent error = �acce

|petrerdor

v|alue

�� 100%

Part A CompletionUse this completion exercise to check your understanding of the concepts and termsthat are introduced in this section. Each blank can be completed with a term, shortphrase, or number.

The of a measurement describes how close the 1.

measurement comes to the true value. The of a measure- 2.

ment depends on its reproducibility. An is a value 3.

measured in the lab. is calculated by subtracting the 4.

from an experimental value. Percent error is calculated 5.

by dividing the of the error by the accepted value and 6.

then multiplying by . 7.

Large and small numbers are more easily handled when 8.

expressed in . Significant figures in a measurement include 9.

all of the digits that are plus a last digit that is . 10.109

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

• measurement

• scientific notation

• accuracy

• precision

• accepted value

• experimental value

• error

• percent error

• significant figures

Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________

MEASUREMENTS AND THEIR UNCERTAINTY 3.1

© Pe

arson

Educ

ation

, Inc

., pu

blish

ing as

Pears

on Pr

entic

e Hall

. All r

ights

reserv

ed.

05_CTR_ch03 7/9/04 3:25 PM Page 55

56 Core Teaching Resources

Part B True-FalseClassify each of these statements as always true, AT; sometimes true, ST; or never true, NT.

________ 11. Scientific notation is used to express large numbers in convenient form.

________ 12. Significant figures include all the digits that can be known accurately plusa last digit that must be estimated.

________ 13. An answer to calculations done with scientific measurements cannot be more precise than the least precise measurement.

Part C MatchingMatch each description in Column B to the correct term in Column A.

Part D Questions and ProblemsAnswer the following questions or solve the following problems in the space provided.Show your work.

20. Give the number of significant figures in the following measurements.

a. 3.85 � 10�3 dm a.

b. 17.30 cm3 b.

c. 0.0037 mm c.

21. Perform the following operations and give the answers in standard exponentialform with the correct number of significant figures.

a. 37.2 mL � 18.0 mL � 380 mL �

b. 0.57 cm � 0.86 cm � 17.1 cm �

c. (8.13 � 104) � (3.8 � 102) �

Column B

a. measure of how close a series of measurementsare to one another

b. measure of how close a measurement comes tothe actual value

c. digits in a measurement that are known plusone that is estimated

d. a value determined in the laboratory

e. a quantity that has both a number and a unit

f. a method of expressing numbers as a product ofa coefficient and a power of 10.

Column A

________ 14. accuracy

________ 15. measurement

________ 16. precision

________ 17. scientific notation

________ 18. experimental value

________ 19. significant figures

Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________©

Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.

05_CTR_ch03 7/9/04 3:25 PM Page 56


Section Review

Objectives• List SI units of measurement and common SI prefixes

• Distinguish between the mass and weight of an object

• Convert between Celsius and Kelvin temperature scales

Vocabulary


The International System of Units (SI) is a revision of the 1.

system. There are SI base units. In SI, the base 2.

unit of length is the . 3.

The space taken up by a cube that is 10 cm on each edge is 4.

one . A measure of the pull of gravity on an object of 5.

given mass is its . The mass of one cubic centimeter of 6.

water at 4�C is one . Scientists commonly use two 7.

equivalent units of temperature, the degree and the 8.

. The and the are common units of energy. 9.

10.

1098

7

6

5

4

3

21

• International System ofUnits (SI)

• meter (m)

• liter (L)

• weight

• kilogram (kg)

• gram (g)

• temperature

• Celsius scale

• Kelvin scale

• absolute zero

• energy

• joule (J)

• calorie (cal)

Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________

THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS3.2

© Pe

arson

Educ

ation

, Inc

., pu

blish

ing as

Pears

on Pr

entic

e Hall

. All r

ights

reserv

ed.

05_CTR_ch03 7/9/04 3:25 PM Page 57



________ 11. The SI base unit of mass is the milliliter.

________ 12. A decigram is 100 times smaller than a gram.

________ 13. The SI unit of volume is derived from the unit of length.

________ 14. There are six basic SI units of measurement.

Part C MatchingMatch each description in Column B to the correct term in Column A.

Column B

a. quantity of heat that raises thetemperature of 1 g of pure water by 1°C.

b. the capacity to do work or to produce heat

c. the SI unit of energy

d. non-SI unit of volume

e. standardized system of measurementbased on the metric system

f. mass unit commonly used in chemistry

g. the SI unit of length

h. force that measures the pull of gravity on agiven mass

i. zero point on the Kelvin scale equal to�273.15°C

j. SI base unit of mass

k. temperature scale on which the freezingpoint of water is 273.15° and its boilingpoint is 373.15°

l. freezing scale that sets the freezing pointof water at 0° and its boiling point at 100°

m. measure of how hot or cold an object is

Column A

________ 15. Kelvin scale

________ 16. International System of Units (SI)

________ 17. temperature

________ 18. meter

________ 19. calorie

________ 20. Celsius scale

________ 21. liter

________ 22. joule

________ 23. weight

________ 24. absolute zero

________ 25. kilogram

________ 26. gram

________ 27. energy

Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________©


05_CTR_ch03 7/9/04 3:25 PM Page 58


Part D Questions and ProblemsAnswer the following in the space provided.

28. What is the volume of a board that measures 1.8 cm by 8.8 cm by 30.5 cm?

29. Hydrogen boils at 20K. What is the boiling point of hydrogen on the Celsius scale?

30. What is the symbol and meaning of each prefix?

a. pico- a.

b. kilo- b.

c. micro- c.

d. centi- d.

Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________©

Pears

on Ed

ucati

on, I

nc.,

publi

shing

as Pe

arson

Pren

tice H

all. A

ll righ

ts res

erved

.

05_CTR_ch03 7/9/04 3:25 PM Page 59


Section Review

Objectives• Construct conversion factors from equivalent measurements

• Apply the techniques of dimensional analysis to a variety of conversion problems

• Solve problems by breaking the solution into steps

• Convert complex units, using dimensional analysis

Vocabulary• conversion factor

• dimensional analysis


Whenever two measurements are equal, or equivalent, 1.

a ratio of these two measurements will equal . 2.

A ratio of equivalent measurements is called a . When 3.

a measurement is multiplied by a conversion factor, the value 4.

of the measurement . 5.

In , the units that are a part of the measurements 6.

are used to help solve the problem. The form of the conversion 7.

factor that is used is the one in which the unit of the is 8.

in the denominator. 9.

Many complex word problems can be solved by breaking the 10.

solution into . When converting between units, it is often

necessary to use more than one .

In doing multistep problems, it is important to check that the

numerator and of each conversion factor are equivalent.

When the cancel, you should be left with the unit of the .109

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________

CONVERSION PROBLEMS3.3

© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.

05_CTR_ch03 7/9/04 3:25 PM Page 60



________ 11. The units of a conversion factor must cancel.

________ 12. The conversion factor for changing between grams and milligrams is

�100

10gmg�.

________ 13. Multiple conversion factors can be used to solve complex conversionproblems.

________ 14. If density � mass/volume, then mass � density/volume.

________ 15. When two measurements are equal, a ratio of these two measurementswill equal unity.

Part C Questions and ProblemsAnswer the following in the space provided.

16. Make the following conversions using Tables 3.1 and 3.2. Write your answers in scientific notation.

a. 125 g to kilograms

b. 0.12 L to mL

17. If 1500 white blood cells are lined up side by side, they would form a row 1.0inch long. What is the average diameter in micrometers of a single white bloodcell? (1 inch � 2.54 cm)

18. A radio wave travels 186,000 miles per second. How many kilometers will thewave travel in one microsecond? (1 mile � 1.61 km)

Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________©

Pears

on Ed

ucati

on, I

nc.,

publi

shing

as Pe

arson

Pren

tice H

all. A

ll righ

ts res

erved

.

05_CTR_ch03 7/9/04 3:25 PM Page 61


Section Review

Objectives• Calculate the density of a material from experimental data

• Describe how density varies with temperature

Key Term• density

Key Equation

• Density = �vo

mlua

mss

e�


The ratio of the mass of an object to its volume is its . 1.

Density is an property that depends only on the 2.

of a substance, not on the size of the sample. 3.


________ 4. The density of a substance decreases as its temperature is increased.

________ 5. Density has units of grams per cubic centimeter.

32

1

Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________

DENSITY3.4


05_CTR_ch03 7/9/04 3:25 PM Page 62


Part D Questions and ProblemsSolve the following problems in the space provided. Show your work.

6. A rock has a mass of 127 g and displaces 32.1 mL of water. What is the density of the rock?

7. A 1.00-L sample of carbon tetrachloride has a mass of 1.58 kg. What is thedensity of this substance in g/cm3?

Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________©

Pears

on Ed

ucati

on, I

nc.,

publi

shing

as Pe

arson

Pren

tice H

all. A

ll righ

ts res

erved

.

05_CTR_ch03 7/9/04 3:25 PM Page 63


Practice ProblemsIn your notebook, solve the following problems.

SECTION 3.1 MEASUREMENTS AND THEIR UNCERTAINTY Using different rulers, Bruce and Pete each measure the length of the same object threetimes.

1. Bruce’s three measurements are 19 cm, 20 cm, and 22 cm. Calculate the averagevalue of his measurements and express the answer with the correct number ofsignificant figures.

2. Pete’s three measurements are 20.9 cm, 21.0 cm, and 21.0 cm. Calculate theaverage value of his measurements and express the answer with the correctnumber of significant figures.

3. Multiply the answer to problem 1 by the answer to problem 2. Express theanswer in scientific notation with the correct number of significant figures.

4. Whose measurements are more precise?

5. The actual length of the object is 20 cm. Whose measurements are moreaccurate?

6. What is the error of Pete’s average measurement?

7. What is the percent error of Pete’s average measurement?

8. Four boards each measuring 1.5 m are laid end to end. Multiply to determinethe combined length of the boards, expressed with the correct number ofsignificant figures.

SECTION 3.2 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS (SI)A fish tank measures 0.40 meter long by 0.20 meter wide by 0.30 meter high.

1. What is the width of the tank in centimeters?

2. What is the length of the tank in millimeters?

3. What is the volume of the tank in liters?

4. What is the mass of water, in grams, that would fill the tank halfway?

5. An astronaut in her spacesuit weighs 300 lb on Earth. What would her weightbe on the moon?

6. How many nanoseconds are there in one minute?

7. A chemical reaction takes place at 20�C. What is this temperature in kelvins?

8. A typical refrigerator keeps food at 277 K. What is this temperature in degreesCelsius?

Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________

SCIENTIFIC MEASUREMENT3


05_CTR_ch03 7/9/04 3:25 PM Page 64


SECTION 3.3 CONVERSION PROBLEMS1. The population of San Francisco is 750,000 in an area of 49 square miles. What

is the population density in San Francisco? Express your answer in people peracre. (1 mi2 � 640 acres)

2. A sugar-free powdered drink mix sells for $2.99 per can. Each can of the mixcontains 50.2 g of powder, which, when added to water, will make 8 quarts ofdrink. What is the cost of the powdered drink mix in dollars/lb? (454 g � 1 lb)

3. A car is travelling at 60 miles per hour. Express this speed in kilometers per hour(km/h). (1 mi � 1.609 km)

4. A whole chicken sells for $7.06 and has a mass of 1.5 kg. A beef shank sells for$10.00 with a mass of 2.5 kg. Compare the per pound cost for each item. (1 kg �2.2 lb)

5. How many seconds are there in a day? (1 day � 24 h)

6. The speed limit on a certain highway is 72 km/h. What is this speed in cm/s?

7. Gold has a density of 19.3 g/cm3. What is the mass, in kilograms, of one cubicmeter of gold?

8. An automobile can travel 40.0 miles on one gallon of gasoline. How manykilometers per liter is this? (1.61 km � 1 mi; 1 L � 0.264 gal)

9. Suppose that gold is selling at $375/ounce. How many milligrams of gold couldyou buy for one cent? (16 oz � 1 lb; 1 lb � 454 g)

SECTION 3.4 DENSITYUse the data in Table 3.7 to solve problems 1–4.

1. What is the mass at 20�C of 5 liters of air?

2. A balloon filled with air is released in a room filled with carbon dioxide. Will theballoon float to the ceiling or sink to the floor?

3. What is the volume in liters of a kilogram of ice at 0�C?

4. What is the mass of a bar of aluminum measuring 1.0 cm by 1.0 cm by 10.0 cm?

Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________©

Pears

on Ed

ucati

on, I

nc.,

publi

shing

as Pe

arson

Pren

tice H

all. A

ll righ

ts res

erved

.

05_CTR_ch03 7/9/04 3:25 PM Page 65


Figure 1

Use Figure 1 to answer the following questions.

1. Cylinder A is used to measure liquids up to 4 mL. To what number ofsignificant figures could liquids be measured using cylinder A?

2. Cylinder B is also used to measure liquids up to 4 mL. To what number ofsignificant figures could liquids be measured using cylinder B?

3. A student is asked to measure out 2.55 mL of water. Which cylinder(s) wouldbe suitable for this measurement?

4. A student is asked to measure out 3 mL of methanol. Which cylinder(s) wouldbe suitable for this measurement?

4

3

2

1mL

Cylinder B

4

3

2

1mL

Cylinder A

Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________©


INTERPRETING GRAPHICSUse with Section 3.2

3

05_CTR_ch03 7/9/04 3:25 PM Page 66


Figure 2

Figure 2 shows a thermometer that is calibrated in both Celsius and Kelvin scales. UseFigure 2 to answer the following questions.

5. Which temperature scale is shown at the top of the drawing?

6. Which temperature scale is shown at the bottom of the drawing?

7. A student reported the temperature shown to be 20�C. Is this the correctnumber of significant figures? Why?

8. In what physical state does water exist at the temperature shown?

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297

Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________©

Pears

on Ed

ucati

on, I

nc.,

publi

shing

as Pe

arson

Pren

tice H

all. A

ll righ

ts res

erved

.

05_CTR_ch03 7/9/04 3:25 PM Page 67


Vocabulary ReviewMatch the correct vocabulary term to each numbered statement. Write the letter of thecorrect term on the line.

Column B

a. Celsius scale

b. measurement

c. scientificnotation

d. joule

e. energy

f. error

g. density

h. kilogram

i. accuracy

j. meter

k. temperature

l. conversion factor

m. dimensional analysis

Column A

the ratio of the mass of an object to its volume

closeness of a measurement to the true value

the mass of 1 L of water at 4�C

difference between the experimental value and theaccepted value

the degree of hotness or coldness of an object

the SI base unit of length

a ratio of equivalent measurements

a quantity that has both a number and a unit

temperature scale on which water freezes at 0� andboils at 100�

a way to analyze and solve problems, using the units ofthe measurements

a method of expressing numbers as a product of acoefficient and a power of 10

the SI unit of energy

the capacity to do work or to produce heat

________ 1.

________ 2.

________ 3.

________ 4.

________ 5.

________ 6.

________ 7.

________ 8.

________ 9.

________ 10.

________ 11.

________ 12.

________ 13.

Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________



05_CTR_ch03 7/9/04 3:25 PM Page 68


Chapter QuizAnswer the following questions and write the answers on the line.

1. If you measure a line three times with the same ruler, do 1.your measurements become more accurate?

2. Which form of the conversion factor would you use to 2.convert 75 g to kg?

3. How many significant figures does the measurement 3.0.4006 m have?

4. Round off the following measurements to two significant figures.

a. 0.0828 m 4a.

b. 19.75�C 4b.

c. 6906 km 4c.

5. Write the answers to question 4 in scientific notation. 5a.

5b.

5c.

Choose the best answer and write its letter on the line.

________ 6. Which of these is the smallest? 3.2a. one literb. one microliterc. one milliliter

________ 7. The metric prefix kilo- means: 3.2a. one thousand times smaller.b. ten times smaller.c. one thousand times larger.

Solve the following problems in the space provided.

8. Convert �55�C to K. (Recall that �C � K � 273.) 3.2

9. The density of a substance, as measured by a student, is 4.80 g/cm3. The 3.1 accepted value, as printed in a reliable handbook, is 5.10 g/cm3. Calculate the percent error.

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.3

3.1

Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________©

Pears

on Ed

ucati

on, I

nc.,

publi

shing

as Pe

arson

Pren

tice H

all. A

ll righ

ts res

erved

.


05_CTR_ch03 7/9/04 3:25 PM Page 69


Chapter Test A

A. MatchingMatch each description in Column B with the correct term in Column A. Write theletter of the correct description on the line.

B. Multiple ChoiceChoose the best answer and write its letter on the line.

________ 11. How many significant figures are in the measurement 2103.2 g?a. 2 c. 4b. 3 d. 5

________ 12. Which of these equalities is not correct?a. 100 cg � 1 g c. 1 cm3 � 1 mLb. 1000 mm � 1 m d. 10 kg � 1 g

________ 13. How many of the zeros in the measurement 0.000 040 200 m aresignificant?a. 2 c. 7b. 3 d. 8

Column B

a. a measure of the pull of gravity on a given mass

b. concerned with the reproducibility of measurements

c. a ratio of equivalent measurements

d. originally defined as the mass of 1 L of water at 4�C

e. a way to analyze and solve problems, using the units of ameasurement

f. the ratio of the mass of an object to its volume

g. the degree of hotness or coldness of an object

h. closeness of a measurement to the true value

i. difference between the experimental value and theaccepted value

j. the volume of a cube 10 cm on each edge

Column A

________ 1. error

________ 2. precision

________ 3. 1 liter

________ 4. temperature

________ 5. density

________ 6. conversionfactor

________ 7. dimensionalanalysis

________ 8. weight

________ 9. 1 kilogram

________ 10. accuracy

Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________©



05_CTR_ch03 7/9/04 3:25 PM Page 70


________ 14. How many milligrams are in 2.5 kg?a. 2.5 � 106 mg c. 2.5 � 10�4 mgb. 25 mg d. 2.5 � 102 mg

________ 15. The closeness of a measurement to its true value is a measure of its:a. usefulness. c. accuracy.b. precision. d. reproducibility.

________ 16. Which of these measurements is expressed to three significant figures?a. 0.070 mm c. 7007 mgb. 7.30 � 10�7 km d. 0.007 m

________ 17. A metric unit of volume is the:a. L. c. km.b. mg. d. K.

________ 18. The number of seconds in a 40-hour work week can be calculated asfollows:

a. 60 s � � � c. 40 h � � �

b. 1 s � � � d. 40 h � � �

________ 19. The metric prefix kilo- means:a. 100 times smaller. c. 1000 times smaller.b. 1000 times larger. d. 100 times larger.

________ 20. What is the volume of 60.0 g of ether if the density of ether is 0.70 g/mL?a. 86 mL c. 2.4 � 10�2 mLb. 1.2 � 10�2 mL d. 42 mL

________ 21. The temperature reading of �14�C corresponds to a Kelvin reading of:a. 297.6 K. c. 287 K.b. �287 K. d. 259 K.

________ 22. Concentrated hydrochloric acid has a density of 1.19 g/mL. What is themass, in grams, of 2.00 liters of this acid?a. 2.38 � 103 g c. 4.20 � 10�4 gb. 2.38 g d. 4.20 � 10�4 g

_______ 23. A conversion factor:a. is equal to 1.b. is a ratio of equivalent measurements.c. does not change the value of a measurement.d. all of the above

________ 24. Chlorine boils at 239 K. What is the boiling point of chlorine expressed indegrees Celsius?a. 93�C c. �61�Cb. 34�C d. �34�C

________ 25. A student measures a volume as 25 mL, whereas the correct volume is 23 mL. What is the percent error?a. 0.087% c. 0.92%b. 8.7% d. 8.0%

60 s�60 min

60 min�

40 h40 h�60 min

1 min�

60 s

60 s�1 min

60 min�

1 h1 h

�60 min

1 min�

60 s

Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________©

Pears

on Ed

ucati

on, I

nc.,

publi

shing

as Pe

arson

Pren

tice H

all. A

ll righ

ts res

erved

.

05_CTR_ch03 7/9/04 3:25 PM Page 71


C. True-FalseClassify each of these statements as always true, AT; sometimes true, ST; or never true, NT.

________ 26. Precise measurements are also accurate measurements.

________ 27. Zeros in a measurement are significant.

________ 28. In converting between units, it is necessary to use more than oneconversion factor.

________ 29. When converting complex units, you should check that the units cancel,the conversion factors are correct, and the answer has the correct units.

________ 30. The weight of an object changes with its location.

________ 31. A kilogram is the mass of 1 mL of water at 4�C.

________ 32. The density of a substance decreases at its temperature increases.

________ 33. Heat transfers from objects at high temperatures to objects at lowtemperatures.

________ 34. To convert density from g/cm3 to kg/m3, one of the conversion factorsyou could use is mg3/kg.

D. ProblemsSolve the problems in the space provided. Show your work.

35. A cube of gold-colored metal with a volume of 64 cm3 has a mass of 980 g. The density of pure gold is 19.3 g/cm3. Is the metal pure gold?

36. Perform the following operations. Make sure that your answers have the correctnumber of significant digits.

a. 4.15 cm � 1.8 cm

b. 13.00 m � 0.54 m

c. (1.7 � 10�5 m) � (3.72 � 10�4 m)

Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________©


05_CTR_ch03 7/9/04 3:25 PM Page 72


37. Calculate the density of a liquid that has a mass of 14.0 g and a volume of 18.0 cm3.

E. EssayWrite a short essay for the following.

38. Explain how density differs from volume.

Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________©

Pears

on Ed

ucati

on, I

nc.,

publi

shing

as Pe

arson

Pren

tice H

all. A

ll righ

ts res

erved

.

05_CTR_ch03 7/9/04 3:25 PM Page 73


Chapter Test B

A. MatchingMatch each term in Column B with the correct description in Column A. Write theletter of the correct term on the line.

B. Multiple ChoiceChoose the best answer and write its letter on the line.

________ 11. The number of seconds in a 40-hour work week can be calculated asfollows:

a. 60 s � � � c. 40 h � � �

b. 1 s � � � d. 40 h � � �

________ 12. Which of the following is the correct scientific notation for 0.000 008 62?a. 86.2 � 107 c. 86.2 � 10�7

b. 8.62 � 106 d. 8.62 � 10�6

60 s�60 min

60 min�

40 h40 h�60 min

1 min�

60 s

60 s�1 min

60 min�

1 h1 h

�60 min

1 min�

60 s

Column B

a. density

b. precision

c. conversionfactor

d. temperature

e. accuracy

f. 1 kilogram

g. meter

h. 1 liter

i. dimensionalanalysis

j. weight

Column A

________ 1. how close a single measurement comes to the actual valueof whatever is being measured

________ 2. a way to analyze and solve problems, using the units of ameasurement

________ 3. the SI base unit of length

________ 4. the mass of 1 L of water at 4�C.

________ 5. a ratio of equivalent measures

________ 6. how close several measurements are to each other

________ 7. a measure of the pull on a given mass by Earth’s gravity

________ 8. the ratio of the mass of an object to its volume

________ 9. the volume of a cube 10 cm on each edge

________ 10. the degree of hotness or coldness of an object

Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________©



05_CTR_ch03 7/9/04 3:25 PM Page 74


________ 13. The measurement 4.06 � 10�5 g represents:a. 0.000 040 6 g. c. 406 000 g.b. 0.000 004 06 g. d. 40 600 000 g.

________ 14. The largest number from among the following is:a. 1.80 � 10�4. c. 1.80 � 10�2.b. 1.80 � 10�6. d. 1.80 � 10�8.

________ 15. According to the rules of significant figures, the number of digits thatare estimated in a measurement is:a. one. c. three.b. two. d. none.

________ 16. How many significant figures are in the measurement 603.040 g?a. 3 c. 5b. 4 d. 6

________ 17. How many of the zeros in the measurement 0.050 060 m aresignificant?a. 1 c. 3b. 2 d. 4

________ 18. Which of these measurements is expressed to four significant figures?a. 0.108 m c. 2.6 � 104 mb. 16.530 m d. 5.300 � 10�7 m

________ 19. The thickness of a dime is approximately:a. 1 m. c. 1 cm.b. 1 dm. d. 1 mm.

________ 20. Which of these equalities is correct?a. 1 g � 1000 kg c. 1 L � 1000 mLb. 1 cm � 100 m d. 1 mm � 10 cm

________ 21. How many centimeters are in 25 kilometers?a. 2.5 � 103 cm c. 2.5 � 105 cmb. 2.5 � 104 cm d. 2.5 � 106 cm

________ 22. The metric prefix milli- means:a. 100 times smaller. c. 1000 times larger.b. 1000 times smaller. d. 100 times larger.

________ 23. The smallest volume from among the following is:a. 0.012 L. c. 18 cm3.b. 25 mL. d. 1.6 � 10�2 L.

________ 24. What volume of water at 4�C can be held in a cube whose edge is 3.0 cm long?a. 3.0 mL c. 27 mLb. 9.0 cm2 d. 12 cm3

________ 25. What is the density of an object with a mass of 40.0 g and a volume of80.0 cm3?a. 0.500 g/cm3 c. 3.20 � 103 g/cm3

b. 2.00 cm3/g d. 1.20 � 102 g/cm3

Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________©

Pears

on Ed

ucati

on, I

nc.,

publi

shing

as Pe

arson

Pren

tice H

all. A

ll righ

ts res

erved

.

05_CTR_ch03 7/9/04 3:25 PM Page 75


________ 26. What is the volume of 25.0 g of copper if the density of copper is 8.9 g/cm3?a. 2.8 cm3 c. 220 cm3

b. 0.36 cm3 d. 34 cm3

________ 27. What is the mass of 72 cm3 of silver if the density of silver is 10.5 g/cm3?a. 6.8 g c. 0.15 gb. 760 g d. 83 g

________ 28. A conversion factor:a. is equal to 1.b. is a ratio of equivalent measurements.c. does not change the value of a measurement.d. all of the above

________ 29. If water boils at 100�C, this is a Kelvin reading of:a. 100 K. c. 373 K.b. 273 K. d. 173 K.

________ 30. A Kelvin reading of 50 K is the same as a Celsius reading of:a. �223�C. c. 223�C.b. 323�C. d. 50�C.

________ 31. A student estimated a mass to be 250 g but, upon carefully measuringit, found the value to be 240 g. What is the percent error of theestimated mass if the measured value is the accepted one?a. 4.0% c. �4.0%b. �4.2% d. 4.2%

C. True-FalseClassify each of these statements as always true, AT; sometimes true, ST; or never true, NT.

________ 32. When converting complex units, you should check that the units cancel,the conversion factors are correct, and the answer has the correct units.

________ 33. A reproducible measurement is an accurate one.

________ 34. Zero digits in a measurement are significant.

________ 35. One mL of water has a mass of 1 g at 4�C.

________ 36. One milliliter occupies the same volume as one cubic centimeter.

________ 37. The mass of an object changes with its location.

________ 38. In converting between units, it is never necessary to use more thanone conversion factor.

________ 39. The density of a substance decreases as its volume decreases.

Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________©


05_CTR_ch03 7/9/04 3:25 PM Page 76


D. ProblemsSolve the following problems in the space provided. Show your work.

40. Perform the following operations. Express your answers in the correct numberof significant figures.

a. 36.47 � 2.721 cm � 15.1 cm c. (5.6 � 107 m) � (3.60 � 10�2 m)

b. 148.576 g � 35.41 g d. (8.74 � 109 m) / (4.2 � 10�6)

41. a. Find the volume, in both cm3 and L, of a metal box 0.60 m long, 10.0 cm wide, and 50.0 mm deep.

b. If the box is filled with water, what would be the mass of the water inside?

42. A block of silver-colored metal with a volume of 65.0 cm3 has a mass of 750.0 g. The density of puresilver is 10.5 g/cm3. Is the metal pure silver?

E. EssayWrite a short essay for the following.

43. Using the following problem as an example, explain and illustrate, step by step, how the use ofunits can help you solve problems correctly. Example: Find the volume, in liters, of a rectangularbox 25 cm long, 10 cm wide, and 8 cm deep.

Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________©

Pears

on Ed

ucati

on, I

nc.,

publi

shing

as Pe

arson

Pren

tice H

all. A

ll righ

ts res

erved

.

05_CTR_ch03 7/9/04 3:25 PM Page 77

05 CTR ch03 7/9/04 3:25 PM Page 55 MEASUREMENTS AND …hs.pequannock.org/ourpages/auto/2012/9/6/52493140...05_CTR_ch03 7/9/04 3:25 PM Page 62. Chapter 3 Scientific Measurement 63 Part

Documents