04 Pasokan air (water supply).ppt

PASOKAN AIR (water supply)Ir. Eddy S. Soedjono, Dipl.SE., MSc., PhD.

JURUSAN TEKNIK LINGKUNGANFAKULTAS TEKNIK SIPIL dan PERENCANAANINSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER (ITS)SURABAYA – INDONESIA11 MARET 2013

Kuliah 04_08.00-10.50

KONSERVASI SUMBER DAYA AIRRE 091315 – 3 SKS

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Week Material Week Material

1 Pengantar Konservasi SDA serta Regulasi

10 Tugas Lapangan

2 Siklus Hidrologi 11 ?

3 Kebutuhan air 12 Presentasi Tugas

4 Pasokan air 13 Air Hujan, First Flush, & Kawasan Pesisir

5 Kuis 1 14 Institusi Pengelola

6 Baku Mutu & Model Kualitas Air 15 Partisipasi Masyarakat (jender)

7 ? 16 Kuis 2

8 ? 17 Evaluasi Akhir/Diskusi

9 18

MATERI PENGAJARAN:

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PASOKAN AIR:

t10

Q

?

Plintahan

Ngagel I, II, III

Karang Pilang I, II

10 10

demand

supply

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PRIORITY FOR RAW WATER:

Mata air (springs),

Air tanah dalam (deep wells),

Air tanah dangkal (shallow wells),

Danau (lakes),

Sungai (rivers),

Air hujan (rainwater),

Air laut (seawater),

Ada yang lain (misal: air gambut, air embun)?

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TECHNOLOGY:

Best choice,

Small flow (< 40 l/s – centre of district),

Best if elevation is higher than service area (gravitation),

May need break-pressure-tanks,

May consist of Ca and Mg and Fe and Mn. Needs further treatment,

Springs may be far from service area & lower in elevation,

Hot water is sometimes accompanied by high sulfur content,

Management by the community after construction with many challenges of management.

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SPRINGS:

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SOCIAL & INSTITUTIONAL:

High DO content makes spring water fresher,

Clearness (low turbidity) may out compete all salts content,

The most reliable as almost no M & E equipment and flow by gravity,

Historically, springs may be totally used for irrigation which may cause conflict with water use in the future,

Is irrigation more important?

Who owns the springs?

Preservation of the catchment area (recharge area),

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Lokasi Sumber Umbulan

Prakiraan Cacthment Area

SPRINGS:

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TECHNOLOGY:

Not the individual house type,

Flow is higher than 1 l/s,

Need submersible pumps (electricity),

In remote area, electricity comes from gensets,

Geo-listrik (to locate screens) & pumping test,

Not simple operation and maintenance procedures,

Screens are expensive and may clog or corrode,

Not 24 hours service,

All water supply must be disinfected.

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DEEP WELLS:

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TECHNOLOGY:

For individual house,

Susceptible for soak away of septic tanks seepage,

Flow smaller than deep wells,

Upper structure is used for safety (coupled with TIMBA),

Slabs are used to avoid re-entering wastewater and to guide the waste to safe sites,

May not be available due to scarcity of water (Rawan Air), i.e.: coastal area, small islands, clay soil,

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SHALLOW WELLS:

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LAKES:

Ample water,

May be poor quality of SS (appropriate treatment),

Intake further away from the banks,

Suction is a bit deeper for better quality,

Integrated Lake Management,

This includes dams and ponds,

May face stratification and circulation for deep lakes,

May be used on-site.

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LAKES:

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LAKES:

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RIVERS:

Ample water for perennial rivers,

Dominated by colloids,

Require conventional treatment or appropriate technology,

Expensive for construction and O & M,

Qualified operators,

May not be feasible for villages, but may be OK for districts or bigger communities,

Obviously pumping system to some extend,

More complicated management.

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RIVERS:

SU

NG

AI

2

11

87

7

6 6

43

3

9

10

PARKIR

12

JAL

AN

RA

YA

15

5

pagar

TATA LETAK IPAMTanpa Skala

Keterangan :

1. Intake2. Sumur pengumpul3. Bak pengendap I4. Bak pengaduk cepat5. Bak pengadukan lambat6. Bak pengendap II7. Filter

8. Reservoir 9. Pengering Lumpur10. Pompa intake11. Pembubuh kimia dan

pompa distribusi12. Satpam

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RIVERS:

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SEDIMENTATION:

Persegi- 4 aliran horizontal

HorizontHorizontalal

Ruang lumpur

Inlet

Outlet

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FILTRATION:

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RAINWATER HARVESTING:

Rely on the roof area,

Type of roofs,

Less air pollution for rural area,

Not only kept in vessels, but also in dams,

Water from dams has similar quality with lakes,

Rural area may use large area of roof likes mosques, schools, hospitals, offices, etc.,

Dengue is susceptible.

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RAINWATER HARVESTING:

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SEAWATER:

Definitely expensive,

High qualified operator,

Not rural, but city along the coastal zone,

Last option.

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SEAWATER:

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DESINFEKSI (bukan klorinasi):

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OTHER IMPORTANT THING:

Kebocoran air,

Tandon sebelum dipompa ke rumah tangga,

Kemampuan saringan pasir atas kualitas air sungai yang fluktuatif/tercemar: deterjen, logam berat, EDC, pesticides, dll.

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WATERBORN-DISEASES and OTHERS:

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REGULASI:

Permenkes 907/2002 tentang Syarat-syarat dan Pengawasan Kualitas Air Minum,

PP 82/2001 tentang Pengelolaan Kualitas Air dan Pengendalian Pencemaran Air,

WHO, dll.

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Center for Water and Sanitation in Tropical Areas (CWaSTA)Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan, FTSP, ITSKampus ITS, SukoliloSurabaya 60111, INDONESIA

Telpon kantor : +62 31 596 2271/591 1882HP : +62 812 3140 1686Email : [email protected]

: [email protected] Website : www.enviro.its.ac.id

FURTHER INFORMATION:

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