04 IT_Projects by Firli

8/6/2019 04 IT_Projects by Firli

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IT Projects and

IT Project Management


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The Big Picture

IT Projectdo not occurin isolation

ProjectManagershould

understandBig Pictureof the

project


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IT Project Lifecycle

All projects

share thephases:initiate,determinefeasibility,plan,estimate,

executeandterminate


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Type of IT Project

System Development

Package Implementation

Package Customization

System Conversion System Enhancement

IT Architecture Design

Infrastructure Installations

Business Process Reengineering


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Sample SDLC Models

Waterfall model: has well-defined, linear stages ofsystems development and support

Spiral model: shows that software is developed usingan iterative or spiral approach rather than a linearapproach

Incremental release model: provides for progressivedevelopment of operational software

RAD model: used to produce systems quickly withoutsacrificing quality

Prototyping model: used for developing prototypes toclarify user requirements


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The Waterfall Model

ProjectDefinition

SystemDelivery

Maintenance

RequirementsAnalysis

Design

ComponentTesting

IntegrationTesting

SystemTesting

Program

Implementation


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Spiral Model of Software

Development (Boehm, 1988)


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Incremental Development

analysis deliverydesign coding testing




1st Increment

2nd Increment

3rd Increment

4th Increment

ProjectDefinition


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Rapid Application Development

Businessmodelling

Datamodelling

Processmodelling

Application

generation

Testing andturnover

Business

modelling

Datamodelling

Processmodelling

Application

generation

Testingand

turnover

Business

modelling

Datamodelling

Processmodelling

Application

generation

Testingand

turnover

Team 1 Team 2 Team 3


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Prototyping

Listen toCustomer

Build/ReviseMock-up

Customertest-drives

mock-up

Specifying requirements is often very difficult

Users dont know exactly what they want until theysee it

Prototyping involves building a mock-up of the

system and using to obtain for user feedback


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IT Projects have a terrible track record

A 1995 Standish Group study (CHAOS) found thatonly 16.2% of IT projects were successful and over31% were canceled before completion, costing over$81 B in the U.S. alone

The need for IT projects keeps increasing

In 1998, corporate America issued 200,000 new-start application development projects

In 2000, there were 300,000 new IT projects, and

In 2001, over 500,000 new IT projects were started

Motivation for Studying Information

Technology (IT) Project Management


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The 2001 Standish Group Report ShowedDecided Improvement in IT Project

Success Rates From the 1995 Study

Time overruns significantly decreased to63% compared to 222%

Cost overruns were down to 45%

compared to 189% 78,000 U.S. projects were successful

compared to 28,000

28% of IT projects succeeded comparedto 16%


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What Helps Projects Succeed?

According to the Standish Groups report CHAOS 2001: A

Recipe for Success, the following items help IT projectssucceed, in order of importance: Executive support

User involvement Experience project manager

Clear business objectives

Minimized scope Standard software infrastructure

Firm basic requirements

Formal methodology

Reliable estimates


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Need for Top Management

Commitment Several studies cite top management

commitment as one of the key factorsassociated with project success

Top management can help project

managers secure adequate resources, getapproval for unique project needs in atimely manner, receive cooperation frompeople throughout the organization, andlearn how to be better leaders


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Need for Organizational Commitment

to Information Technology (IT) If the organization has a negative attitude

toward IT, it will be difficult for an IT projectto succeed

Having a Chief Information Officer (CIO) ata high level in the organization helps ITprojects

Assigning non-IT people to IT projects alsoencourage more commitment

04 IT_Projects by Firli

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