03 -ThePastSimpleTense

CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – CURSO REGULAR PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO

www.pontodosconcursos.com.br

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AULA 3

THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE Enfatizaremos nesta aula o estudo do past simple. Veja a conjugação dos verbos to walk (r.v.) (= andar, caminhar) e to give (i.v.) (= dar)

AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS

I walked I gave You walked You gave He walked He gave She walked She gave It walked It gave We walked We gave You walked You gave They walked They gave

Como mencionamos anteriormente é através da conjugação deste tempo verbal que se consegue distinguir um verbo regular, terminado em –ED, de um irregular cuja forma tem que ser memorizada.

NEGATIVE STATEMENTS

I did not walk I did not give You did not walk You did not give He did not walk He did not give She did not walk She did not give It did not walk It did not give We did not walk We did not give You did not walk You did not give They did not walk They did not give

Como você observa a forma do auxiliar é ‘did’, para todas as pessoas, seguido da partícula negativa ‘not’. O verbo principal retorna à forma básica (correspondente ao bare infinitive, o infinitivo sem ‘to’) NB: did not = didn’t



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QUESTIONS

Did I walk? Did I give? Did you walk? Did you give? Did he walk? Did he give? Did she walk? Did she give? Did it walk? Did it give? Did we walk? Did we give? Did you walk? Did you give? Did they walk? Did they give?

Formamos perguntas no past simple com a inversão do auxiliar did e o sujeito. O verbo principal retorna à forma básica, ou seja, infinitivo sem o ‘to’.

USES OF THE PAST SIMPLE É usado para expressar uma ação que aconteceu num tempo definido no passado. Freqüentemente, advérbios ou expressões como yesterday (= ontem), last week, last month, last year (=semana passada, mês passado, ano passado) two hours ago (= duas horas atrás), etc estão presentes. At times há uma oração inteira (a time clause, for example) indicando o tempo perfeitamente definido no passado: I met her two years ago. Eu a encontrei há dois anos. My brother didn’t get a job last month. Meu irmão não conseguiu um emprego no mês passado. Did you see Spielberg’s latest film last Sunday? Você viu o ultimo filmo do Spielberg no sábado passado? Jack arrived ten minutes late today. O Jack chegou dez minutos atrasado hoje. Milton worked at KNY for thirty five years. He retired last year. Milton trabalhou na KNY por 35 anos. Aposentou-se no ano passado. My family lived in the suburb when I was a child Minha família morava no subúrbio quando eu era criança.



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Text 1: Italian Architecture in Brazil Italian architecture made a tremendous contribution to the construction of São Paulo. The skilled hands of the Italian stonemasons and carpenters stood apart from the rest as early as the time of the Brazilian imperial court. In the mid 19th century, before the country became a Republic, professionals in the field of engineering came to follow the development of works in public institutions 5 commissioned by the government. There is strong Italian accent in the architecture of some of these projects such as the Ipiranga Museum, or the Santa Efigênia viaduct, that even today remain the pride of the city of São Paulo. From the drawing boards of architects such as Tommaso Bezzi, Luigi Pucci, Domiziano Rossi and Giulio Michel among other important names present in 10 Brazilian construction, reproductions of buildings such as the one inspired by the Castello Sforzesco were also born. Rich in Moorish details, the building named the Palácio das Indústrias currently houses the offices of the São Paulo town council. Another example on the same level is the Palácio da Justica de Sao Paulo which copies the Palazzo di Calderini, located in Rome. 15 Italian builders were largely responsible for the introduction of the neo-classic airs that were fashionable in Europe to the scenery of São Paulo. It was their boldness and innovation that led to the construction of Brazil’s first "skyscraper". In 1929, the Martinelli building was inaugurated in the center of São Paulo with its unimaginable 25 storeys and a panoramic view, of the entire 20 city. This project not only satisfied the requirements of the businessman Giuseppe Martinelli but also came to represent a kind of signature for the city because of the pride it evoked in its inhabitants, Late in 1956, the Edifício Itália was built, and for many years this building was the tallest in the city, Its name is a tribute to the Italians who helped to populate and build the city of São Paulo, 25 The 45th floor is home to the famous Terraço Itália restaurant, which offers one of the most privileged views of the city. (From Britain Brazil magazine, July/August/ 2002, p.39)

VOCABULARY PRE TEST Sem consultar nenhum dicionário procure correlacionar as colunas A & B:

A B? 1. skilled hands a. ( ) permanece como o orgulho de 2. drawing boards b. ( ) mãos hábeis 3. remain the pride of c. ( ) atendia aos requisitos 4. houses the offices d. ( ) pranchetas 5. privileged view e. ( ) abriga os escritórios



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6. satisfied the requirements f. ( ) vista privilegiada



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ANALYSIS OF TEXT 1 1. Escreva nas linhas abaixo cinco exemplos de estruturas no present simple: ______________________________________________________________ 2. Escreva nas linhas abaixo as estruturas no past simple que você reconhece,

fazendo a distinção entre formas regulares e irregulares: regular: ______________________________________________________ irregular: _____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

WORD FORMS a) The suffix –ED A terminação –ED predomina na formação do passado simples e do particípio passado dos verbos regulares.

Infinitve Past Tense Past Participle study studied studied

b) atenção para os particípios passados que funcionam como adjetivos e são

usados com substantivos para formar combinations / collocations: From text 1: “The skilled hands of the Italian stonemason and carpenters...” (L-2) As mãos hábeis dos pedreiros e carpinteiros italianos, ... “ which offers one of the most privileged views of the city.” (L-27) Que oferece uma das mais privilegiadas vistas da cidade Da mesma forma como formamos as locuções (collocations ou não) com a forma -ING dos verbos, igualmente se pode formar locuções com a terminação –ED: interested students (= alunos/ as interessados /as) an excited audience (= uma platéia empolgada) developed countries (= países desenvolvidos) organized crime (= crime organizado)



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c) apesar de não estarmos estudando voz passiva ainda, temos agora o ‘passive past’ onde conjugamos o passado do verbo to be (was / were) + past participle do verbo principal. From text 1: “ the Martinelli building was inaugurated in the center of São Paulo with its unimaginable 25 storeys…” (L-19/20) O Edifício Martinelli foi inaugurado no centro de SP com seus inimagináveis 25 andares... Em alguns casos o verbo to be fica apenas subentendido: From text 1: “ the building named the Palácio das Indústrias (L- 13) o prédio (que foi) chamado de Palácio das Indústrias the one inspired by the Castello Sforzesco (L-11/12) aquele (que foi) inspirado pelo Castello Sforzesco the Palazzo di Calderini, located in Rome ( L-15) o Palazzo di Calderini ( que foi/está) localizado em Roma b) the suffix –NESS “It was their boldness and innovation” (L-17/18) Foi a ousadia deles e seu espírito inovador...

Ao adjetivo bold (= ousado, corajoso) acrescentamos o sufixo -NESS e formamos o substantivo boldness (= ousadia, coragem). Este sufixo é muito freqüente em inglês e vale a pena passar a anotar exemplos de agora em diante:

Adjective Noun Translation happy happiness felicidade bright brightness brilho cold coldness frieza

Inclua aqui mais exemplos que encontrar em suas leituras.

Adjective Noun Translation



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c) the suffix –MENT “This project not only satisfied the requirements of the businessman…”

(L-21/22) O projeto não apenas atendeu aos requisitos do homem de negócios...

O sufixo –MENT é outro extremamente frequente em inglês. A verbos acrescentamos esta terminação para formar substantivos :

Verb Noun Translation establish establishment estabelecimento develop development desenvolvimento disappoint disappointment decepção accomplish accomplishment realização, vitória Employ employment emprego

Inclua aqui mais exemplos que encontrar em suas leituras

Verb Noun Translation



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READING COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS Indispensable question words: What…? O que...? Which factors ? Que fatores ..? Who…? Quem...? How…? Como...? Where…? Onde....? How many…? Quantos...? When…? Quando...? Why…? Por que...?

Answer the following questions using complete sentences just to practice using past simple constructions: 1. What made a tremendous contribution to the architecture of SP? ____________________________________________________________ 2. When did engineers come to Imperial Brazil to follow the development of

works in public institutions? ____________________________________________________________ 3. How is the Italian accent felt in the architecture of the city of SP? ____________________________________________________________ 4. Who among other Italian architects are present in Brazilian construction? ____________________________________________________________ 5. Who were largely responsible for the introduction of the neo-classic airs to

the scenery of SP? ____________________________________________________________ 6. Which factors led to the construction of Brazil’s first skyscraper’? ____________________________________________________________ 7. How many floors high was the Martinelli building? ____________________________________________________________ 8. Why did Edifício Itália receive such a name? ____________________________________________________________ 9. Where is the Martinelli building situated? ____________________________________________________________ 10. What is offered by the famous Terraço Itália restaurant? ____________________________________________________________



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KEY WORDS / FUNCTION WORDS / CONFUSABLE WORDS a) the key word AS From text 1: “as early as the time of the Brazilian imperial court…” (L-3) desde a época da corte imperial brasileira “some of these projects such as the Ipiranga Museum, or the Santa Efigênia viaduct” (L-7/8) alguns destes projetos, tais como o Museu do Ipiranga, ou o viaduto Santa Efigênia “reproductions of buildings such as the one inspired by the Castello Sforzesco” (L-12/13) reproduções de prédios tais como aquela inspirada no Castello Sforzesco Dentre as várias function words do texto anterior escolhi a palavrinha ‘as’ para lhe mostrar porque você deve estudar estas verdadeiras ‘gems’. a) conjunção significando when (=quando) As I was taking a shower, the telephone rang. Quando eu estava tomando um banho, o telefone tocou. Turn off the light as you leave. Apague a luz quando estiver saindo. b) conjunção significando because (=porque) As Mr. Cheng only spoke Chinese, we needed an interpreter. Como o Sr Cheng só falava Chinês, precisávamos de um intérprete. c) conjunção significando in the same way (=da mesma maneira, como) Do as I say, not as I do. (common popular saying). Faça como eu digo, não faça como eu faço. d) preposição significando in the role of (=na qualidade de, como) My wife works as a dentist. Minha esposa trabalha como dentista. I have worked as a teacher for many years. Trabalho como professor há anos.



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Encontra-se a palavra ‘as’ também em várias expressões: I - As if ... (= como se ...) It looked as if it was going to rain. Parecia que ia chover. II - As + adj. + as (formação do comparativo de igualdade) Chris is as tall as Rita. Chris é tão alta quanto a Rita. Benjamin is not so fast as Brian. Benjamin não é tão rápido quanto Brian. This topic is as important as that one. You should study both. Este tópico é tão importante quanto aquele. Você devia estudar ambos. My friends are not so motivated as they were last year. Meus amigos não estão tão motivados quanto estavam no ano passado. III –As usual (como de costume, pra variar ...) Natalie is late, as usual. Natalie está atrasada, pra variar. There comes Nora, crazy as usual. Lá vem a Nora, maluquinha como sempre. IV –such as (tal como, tais como quando se quer enumerar. At that time nobody had many comforts in life, such as freezers, computers, air conditioners… Naquela época ninguém possuía muitas comodidades na vida, tais como congeladores, computadores, aparelhos de ar condicionado .. V – the same as (o mesmo que) Helen’s dress looks the same as her sister’s. O vestido da Helen parece com o da sua irmã. George studied in the same school as I did. George estudou na mesma escola que eu.



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b) among // between From text 1: “among other important names present in Brazilian construction,… (L-10/11) dentre outros nomes importantes presentes na construção brasileira b.1) among ( prep) no meio de, entre (vários) Among the movie star’s many fans were members of the Arab community. Entre os muitos fans da estrela do cinema estavam membros da comunidade árabe. b.2) between – no meio de entre (geralmente dois /duas) Let’s keep it a secret between you and me. Vamos manter isto como um segredo entre nós. Both paintings look great two; it’s hard to choose between the two. Ambos os quadros me parecem ótimos; é difícil escolher entre eles. c) proud (adj.) // pride (noun) “because of the pride it evoked in its inhabitants…” (L-23) por causa do orgulho que inspirava em seus habitantes c.1) pride (noun) – orgulho My aunt’s garden is her pride and joy. O jardim da minha tia é seu orgulho e alegria. c.2) pride (r.v.) – orgulhar-se My brother takes pride in his elegant clothes Meu irmão tem orgulho de suas roupas elegantes. c.3) proud (adj.) – orgulhoso, prosa A man should be proud of his work. Um homem deve ficar orgulhoso de seu trabalho. d) storey // story From text 1: “the Martinelli building was inaugurated in the center of São Paulo with its unimaginable 25 storeys and a panoramic view” (L-19/20)



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d.1) storey – British spelling – significa andar de casa, de prédio The Gray family lived in a two-storey house. A família Gray morava numa casa de dois andares. d.2) story – American spelling - mesmo significado The Martinelli building is 25 stories high. O Edifício |Martinelli tem 25 andares.

COLLOCATION STUDY STORY /STORIES Naturalmente que você conhece a palavra ‘story’, mesma grafia tanto em UK quanto em US English, no sentido de tale (-história), de report (= relato, reportagem), description, narrative etc. Da mesma forma como fizemos na AULA 2 com a palavra law(s), eu simplesmente não resisto de incluir mais alguns exemplos de collocations com a palavra story. I) numa de nossas próximas aulas falarei sobre expressões com os verbos ‘say & tell’. To begin with, dizemos: tell a story // tell stories: Uncle Fred loved to tell us stories of his long trips. O Tio Fred adorava nos contar histórias de suas longas viagens. b) Traduza as seguintes collocations com story /stories e depois confronte o

seu trabalho com o meu no final:

Collocations Translation 1. believe in a silly story 1. 2. change the whole story 2. 3. invent an intriguing story 3. 4. hear a moving story 4. 5. pursue the true story 5. 6. report the genuine story 6. 7. fabricate a love story 7. 8. hear an amazing story 8. 9. narrate an exciting story 9. 10. check the detailed story 10.



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IRREGULAR VERBS Neste ponto do nosso estudo este é um tópico que se impõe. Você precisa descobrir de que maneira vai fazer seu approach com relação aos irregular verbs – no máximo uns 150 – se só nos preocuparmos com os mais famosos. Da simples análise estatística pura e simples podemos nos tranqüilizar com o fato de que a esmagadora maioria dos verbos ingleses é regular. Melhor ainda, aqueles verbos novos que vem sendo criados, por quaisquer tipos de imposições, são regulares. Veja o caso de e-mail. Já é usado como verbo, regular naturalmente, to e-mail (e-mailed, e-mailed) I e-mailed you yesterday. Why didn’t you send me your reply? Eu enviei um e-mail para você ontem. Por que não me mandou sua resposta? Quando o fax se popularizou, passou-se a usar como verbo regular também: They faxed us last week. Eles nos enviaram um fax na semana passada. Até mesmo o OK virou verbo regular: The manager okayed my check before I could cash it. O gerente deu o OK pro meu cheque antes que eu pudesse descontá-lo. Como você observa dá para ficar tranqüilo na grande maioria dos casos. Porém, não há como escapar do estudo dos verbos irregulares ingleses por uma razão muito clara: eles pipocam nos textos a toda hora. Usando text 1 como apoio, imagine se na hora de uma prova você esbarrar nas formas made, led, became, built, etc. Se você mentalmente não conseguir retornar as formas dos infinitivo, respectivamente, make (fazer), lead (=conduzir, levar a), become (=tornar-se), build (=construir), com certeza perderá tempo precioso e pior, sua tradução ficará truncada. Para ler com fluência é indispensável ter na ponta da língua estas formas verbais. Decidi não apresentar listagem alguma de verbos irregulares, mas vamos a partir de agora – na seção de exercícios – propor sempre que possível alguns practice exercises envolvendo os irregular verbs.



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Text 2: Labor Day (I) Eleven-year-old Peter McGuire sold papers on the street in New York City. He shined shoes and cleaned stores and later ran errands. It was 1863 and his father, a poor Irish immigrant, had just enlisted to fight in the Civil War. Peter had to help support his mother and six brothers and sisters. Many immigrants settled in New York City in the nineteenth century. They 5 found that living conditions were not as wonderful as they had dreamed. Often there were six families crowded into a house made for one family. Thousands of children had to go to work. Working conditions were even worse. Immigrant men, women and children worked in factories for ten to twelve hours a day, stopping only for a short time to eat. They came to work even if they were tired 10 or sick because if they didn't, they might be fired. Thousands of people were waiting to take their places. When Peter was 17, he began an apprenticeship in a piano shop. This job was better than his others, for he was learning a trade, but he still worked long hours with low pay. At night he went to meetings and classes in economics and social 15 issues of the day. One of the main issues of concern pertained to labor conditions. Workers were tired of long hours, low pay and uncertain jobs. They spoke of organizing themselves into a union of laborers to improve their working conditions. In the spring of 1872, Peter McGuire and 100,000 workers went on strike and marched through the streets, demanding a decrease in the 20 long working day. (Excerpt from Celebrate! Holidays in the USA, Labor Day) Visit: http://www.usemb.se/Holidays/celebrate/labor.html


A B? 1. sold papers a. ( ) aprendendo uma profissão 2. shined shoes b. ( ) imigrantes se estabeleceram 3. cleaned stores c. ( ) engraxava sapatos 4. immigrants settled d. ( ) vendia jornais 5. learning a trade e. ( ) limpava as lojas

ANALYSIS OF TEXT 2

1. Escreva nas linhas abaixo os verbos do texto no past simple: : regular: _______________________________________________________ irregular: ______________________________________________________



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________________________________________________________________



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2. apesar de ainda não estarmos enfatizando estes tempos verbais retire do texto dois exemplos dois exemplos de construções no: 2.1 – past continuous - _________________________________________ 2.2 – past perfect - _____________________________________________ 3. Collocation practice –Escreva o equivalente em português de: a) living conditions ( L-6) _______________________________________ b) working conditions ( L-8/19) __________________________________ c) working day( L-21) ___________________________________________ d) social issues ( L-16) _________________________________________

VOCABULARY POST TEST Procure correlacionar as colunas A & B:

A B? 1. ran errands a. ( ) iniciou um aprendizado 2. had enlisted b. ( ) poderiam ser demitidos 3. might be fired c. ( ) fizeram greve 4. began an apprenticeship d. ( ) dar recados 5. went on strike e. ( ) tinha se alistado

WORD FORMS a) the suffix -ER From text 2: “Workers were tired of long hours, low pay and uncertain jobs” (L-17) Os trabalhadores estavam cansados das longas jornadas, baixa remuneração e empregos sem segurança. Quando acrescentamos o sufixo –ER a verbos, obtemos um substantivo, em geral, indicando ‘aquele que faz algo’ – como no exemplo acima work + er = worker (= aquele que trabalha)

verb Verb+-er noun hunt hunter caçador learn learner aprendiz



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read reader leitor



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Acrescente na tabela abaixo outros itens que encontrar nas suas leituras:

verb Verb+-er noun

b) the suffix -SHIP From text 2: “When Peter was 17, he began an apprenticeship in a piano shop.” ((L-13) Quando Peter tinha 17 anos começou um aprendizado num loja de pianos. Acrescentamos o sufixo –SHIP a substantivos para formação de outros substantivos . Veja estes exemplos:

noun noun + ship noun friend friendship amizade citizen citizenship cidadania partner partnership sociedade, parceria member membership associado

Acrescente na tabela abaixo outros itens que encontrar nas suas leituras:

noun noun + ship noun



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Text 3: Labor Day (II) This event convinced Peter that an organized labor movement was important for the future of workers’ rights. He spent the next year speaking to crowds of workers and unemployed people, lobbying the city government for jobs and relief money. It was not an easy road for Peter McGuire. He became known as a “disturber of the public peace.” The city government ignored his demands. Peter himself could not find a job in his trade. He began to travel up and down the east coast to speak to laborers about unionizing. In 1881, he moved to St. Louis, Missouri, and began to organize carpenters there. He organized a convention of carpenters in Chicago, and it was there that a national union of carpenters was founded. The idea of organizing workers according to their trades spread around the country. Factory workers, dock workers and toolmakers all began to demand and get their rights to an eight-hour workday, a secure job and a future in their trades. Peter McGuire and laborers in other cities planned a holiday for workers on the first Monday in September, halfway between Independence Day and Thanksgiving Day. (Excerpt from Celebrate! Holidays in the USA, Labor Day) Visit: http://www.usemb.se/Holidays/celebrate/labor.html


A B? 1. labor movement a. ( ) desconsiderou suas exigências 2. unemployed people b. ( ) trabalhadores nas fábricas 3. ignored his demands c. ( ) movimento trabalhista 4. factory workers d. ( ) emprego seguro 5. secure job e. ( ) ajuda financeira 6. relief money f. ( ) pessoas desempregadas

ANALYSIS OF TEXT 3

1. Escreva nas linhas abaixo os verbos do texto no past simple: : regular: _______________________________________________________ irregular: ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________



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2. Apesar de não estarmos estudando passive voice ainda, veja se consegue

traduzir o seguinte fragmento do text 2: “…a national union of carpenters was founded “ ( L-9/10)

________________________________________________ 3. Observe o fragmento “an eight-hour workday” ( L-13) Você consegue traduzi-lo? _________________________________________ Por que ‘hour’ não está no plural? ____________________________________ 4. Collocation practice – Escreva o equivalente em português de: a) city government _______________________________________ b) public peace __________________________________ c) workers’ rights ___________________________________________ d) easy road _________________________________________

WORD FORMS the prefixes UN- & IN- “He spent the next year speaking to … unemployed people” (L-2/3) Passou o ano seguinte falando para …. pessoas desempregadas “…halfway between Independence Day and Thanksgiving Day. (L-15/16) Os prefixos UN- & IN- são dois daqueles que transformam uma palavra no seu oposto. É necessário muita prática par utilizar o prefixo correto

Adjective Opposite Translation educated uneducated sem educação popular unpopular impopular reliable unreliable não confiáve natural unnatural não natural believable unbelievable inacreditável intentional unintentional não intencional

Adjective Opposite Translation definite indefinite indefinido transitive intransitive intrasitivo consistent inconsistent inconsistente tolerable intolerable intolerável separable inseparable inseparável audible inaudible inaudível



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Text 4: Labor Day (III) On September 5, 1882 the first Labor Day parade was held in New York City. Twenty thousand workers marched in a. parade up Broadway. They carried. banners that read “LABOR CREATES ALL WEALTH," and “EIGHT HOURS FOR WORK, EIGHT HOURS FOR REST, EIGHT HOURS FOR RECREATION!" After the parade there were picnics all around the city. Workers and celebrants ate Irish stew, homemade bread and apple pie. At night, fireworks were set off. Within the next few years, the idea spread from coast to coast, and all states celebrated Labor Day. In 1894, Congress voted it a federal holiday. Today we celebrate Labor Day with a little less fanfare on the first Monday of September. Some cities have parades and community picnics. Many politicians "kick off their political campaigns by holding rallies on the holiday. Most Americans consider Labor Day the end of the summer, and the beaches and other popular resort areas are packed with people enjoying one last three-day weekend. (Excerpt from Celebrate! Holidays in the USA, Labor Day) Visit: http://www.usemb.se/Holidays/celebrate/labor.html

VOCABULARY PRE TEST Procure correlacionar as colunas A & B:

A B? 1. carried banners a. ( ) pão caseiro 2. homemade bread b. ( ) portavam faixas 3. apple pie c. ( ) campanhas políticas 4. political campaigns d. ( ) complexos turísticos 5. resort areas e. ( ) torta de maçã

ANALYSIS OF TEXT 3

1. Escreva a seguir os verbos do parágrafo 1 do texto no past simple: regular: _______________________________________________________ irregular: ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 2. Repare que a palavra today, início do parágrafo 2 marca uma transição.

Agora você deve buscar as construções no present simple: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________



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3. Agora você deve buscar dez true cognates no text 4 – aquelas palavras

que cuja tradução fica facilitada pela semelhança com o português. Again, como estas palavras ocorrem com grande freqüência não se esqueça delas!

________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

VOCABULARY POST TEST Procure correlacionar as colunas A & B:

A B? 1. Irish stew a. ( ) realizar paradas 2. have parades b. ( ) cozido irlandês 3. holding rallies c. ( ) apinhados de gente 4. packed with people d. ( ) fazendo comícios 5. less fanfare e. ( ) menos ostentação

A WORD ABOUT PREPOSITIONS OF TIME From text 4: “ On September 5, 1882, the first Labor Day parade was held.” (L-1) No dia 5 de setembro de 1882 a primeira parada do Dia do Trabalho foi realizada. Neste caso usa-se a preposição ‘on’ porque o dia mês e o ano estão mencionados. Lembre-se que em inglês se usa: a) on com os dias da semana On Monday (= na segunda-feira), On Sunday (aos domingos... b) in com os meses do ano In January (em janeiro), in May (em maio), in December ( em dezembro c) in com anos in 1822, in 1776, in the year 3000 d) in com as partes do dia in the morning (= de manhã), in the afternoon (=à tarde), in the evening (= à noite) But: at night (= à noite)



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Come on, try it. It’s fifty-fifty, Você tem sempre 50% de chances de acertar!

PICTURE TEST 3

Mr. Nuts kept [a) making / b) doing] passes at his pretty secretary.

USEFUL TIPS Se você já fez algum dia um curso de inglês, mesmo que tenha parado no meio, procure estudar nos textbooks deste curso, pois estes livros textos poderão se r objeto de uma revisão muito mais ágil da matéria, uma vez que um dia você já soube aquelas lições. It’s really worth a try! - ou seja, vale a pena tentar!.

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EXERCISES I. Complete with the past simple of the irregular verbs in brackets. 1. Italian copartners _________ apart from the other professionals. [STAND] 2. That fact happened before the country _________ a republic. [BECOME] 3. It was their boldness that __________ the explorers to success. [LEAD] 4. I don’t know exactly when they __________ that supermarket. [BUILD] 5. Martha _________ working in that shop when she was 18. [BEGIN] 6. All the factory workers __________ on strike yesterday. [GO] 7. Nobody knows why Jerry __________ to the office late today. [COME] 8. Peter _________ newspapers on the streets of NY. [SELL] 9. I didn’t go to the club with you because I __________ to study. [HAVE] 10. The Idea quickly __________ around the country. [SPREAD] II. Complete with the past simple of the verbs in brackets. They may

be regular or irregular this time around. 1. They __________ the national union of carpenters in Chicago. [FOUND] 2. He __________ the next year speaking to crowds of workers. [SPEND] 3. Peter and other laborers ____________ a holiday for workers. [PLAN] 4. Twenty thousand workers __________ in a parade up Broadway. [MARCH] 5. Workers __________ banners demanding for their labor rights. [CARRY] 6. Workers ____________ their first Labor Day parade in NY. [HOLD] 7. They __________ the Martinelli building in 1929. [INAUGURATE] 8. The project __________ the requirements of the businessman. [SATISFY] 9. The Martinelli Building _________ pride in the inhabitants of SP. [EVOKE] 10. Peter worked during the day and __________ to school at night [GO]



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III - Practice making up questions Você pode fazer o exercício seguinte por escrito ou apenas praticar

oralmente. Compare com as minhas respostas no final. 1. John spoke German in school. a) “Who _________________?” “John did.” b) “What ____________________?” “German.” c) “Where __________________________?” “At school.” 2. Mark’s father worked in that firm for thirty years. a) “Who ______________________________?” “Mark’s father did. b) "Where ___________________________?” “In that firm.” c) “How long ________________________________?” “For 30 years.” 3. Maria had many friends when she studied in high school. a) “Who _______________________?” "Maria did.” b) “Where _______________________?” “In high school.” c) "When ______________________________?” “At the time she studied in high school.”



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4. Fred drank 5 cups of coffee yesterday. a) "Who ___________________________?” “Fred did.” b) "What ____________________?” “Coffee.” c) "How many ____________________________?” “5 cups.” d} "When ___________________________?” “Yesterday.” IV. Traduza somente as expressões em negrito a seguir onde

aparece a palavra ‘as’; consulte um dicionário se precisar. 1. As the judge entered the courtroom, everybody rose.

____________________ 2. I left by the back door so as not to meet Jenny’s brother.

____________________ 3. That yard is not so long as ours.

____________________ 4. As long as you promise to return my book soon, you can borrow it.

____________________ 5. As yet they haven’t chosen the new president.

____________________ 6. Nobody knows English well in my group. I might as well do the

translation myself. ____________________

7. You’re wrong! Bill’s father works as an engineer for ICF.

____________________ 8. I know you like strawberries, but the other kids love them as well.

____________________



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9. As a rule Ruth wakes up early to go to work.

____________________ 10. Henry looked pale, as though he had seen a ghost.

____________________ 11. We will start the review for the final test as of next week.

____________________ 12. My old Dad does not walk round the square as he used to.

____________________ V – Complete with the prefixes IN- or UN- : 1. As the great leader of his party he had to take a few ____ popular decisions. 2. We bought ____ expensive souvenirs during our trip to Asia. 3. We are going to se a play with the ____ comparable Anita Vasquez. 4. Don is not the right man for the managerial position, He’s too ___ decisive. 5. Samuel told us a really ___ believable story last night. 6. That idea was so ____ conceivable that it never crossed my mind. 7. Anyway, I still think you’re being ____ fair to the boys. 8. This item does not change. It’s ___ variable. 9. The speed his car reached was simply ____ imaginable for those days. 10. If you analyze it more carefully, you will see that there are ____ finite

possibilities to be exploited.



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VI – Past simple practice. Follow the model in writing or just orally: Model: A: “Did you see ‘Titanic’ on TV last night?” B: “No, I didn’t. Last night I saw a documentary on Discovery Channel.” 1. A: “Did you go to the Zoo last Sunday?” B: “No, we didn’t. We _______ to the park.” 2. A: “Did you spend your last vacation in Rio?” B: “No, I didn’t. I _______ it abroad.” 3. A: “Did you study your English lesson yesterday?” B: “No, I didn’t. I _______ Chemistry.” 4. A: “Did Glenda leave the office late yesterday?” B: “No, she didn’t. She _______ quite early.” 5. A: “Did Sandra send you an e-mail last week?” B: “No, she didn’t. She _______ a postcard.” 6. A: “Did Phil visit you in Amsterdam?” B: “No, he didn’t. He _______ me in Paris.” 7. A: “Did Anna draw out R$ 100,00 from the ATM?” B: “No, she didn’t. She _______ out R$ 70,00.” 8. A: “Did Helen get the first prize?” B: “No, she didn’t. She _______ the 2nd prize.” 9. A: “Did I tell you to study the whole chapter?” B: “No, you didn’t. You _______ us to study part of it.” 10. A: “Did the director come to talk to you” B: “No, he didn’t. His assistant _______ to talk to us.”



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ANSWERS Vocabulary pre test

A B? 1. skilled hands a. (3) permanece como o orgulho de 2. drawing boards b. (1) mãos hábeis 3. remain the pride of c. (6) atendia aos requisitos 4. houses the offices d. (2) pranchetas 5. privileged view e. (4) abriga os escritórios 6. satisfied the requirements f. (5) vista privilegiada

Analysis of Text 1 present simple remain (L-8) // houses* (L-13) // offers (L-27) // is (L-14) // copies (L-15) // offers (L-27) past simple: regular verbs: satisfied (L-21) // evoked (L-23) // helped (L-25) irregular verbs: made (L-1) // stood (L-2) // became (L-4) // came (L-5 & 22) // were (L-12, 16 & 17) // was (L-17) // led (L-18) Reading Comprehension Questions 1. What made a tremendous contribution to the architecture of SP? The Italian architecture. O que deu uma tremenda contribuição à arquitetura de SP? A arquitetura italiana. 2. When did engineers come to Imperial Brazil to follow the development of

works in public institutions? Before our country became a republic 3. How is the Italian accent felt in the architecture of the city of SP? There is a strong Italian accent in the architecture of the city. Como a influência italiana é sentida na arquitetura de SP? Há uma forte influência italiana na arquitetura da cidade.



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4. Who among other Italian architects are present in Brazilian construction? Tommaso Bezzi, Luigi Pucci, Domiziano Rossi and Giulio Michel among the

important names present in Brazilian construction. Quem dentre outros arquitetos italianos estão presentes na construção brasileira? Dentre os nomes importantes na construção brasileir estão Tommaso Bezzi, Luigi

Pucci, Domiziano Rossi and Giulio Michel. 5. Who were largely responsible for the introduction of the neo-classic airs to

the scenery of SP? Italian builders. Quem eram grandemente responsáveis pela introdução do estilo neo clássico na

paisagem de SP? Os construtores italianos. 6. Which factors led to the construction of Brazil’s first skyscraper’? The Italian builders’ boldness innovation. Que fatores levaram a construção do primeiro arranha-céu brasileiro? A ousadia e o caráter inovador dos construtores italianos. 7. How many floors high was the Martinelli building? It was 25 storeys high. Quantos andares tinha o Edifício Martinelli? Tinha 25 andares. 8. Why did Edifício Itália receive such a name? Its name is a tribute to the Italians who helped to populate and build the city

of São Paulo. Por que o Edifício Itália recebeu este nome? Seu nome é uma homenagem aos italianos que ajudaram a povoar e construir a

cidade de SP. 9. Where is the Martinelli building situated? It is situated in the center of SP. Onde está situado o Edifício Martinelli? Está situado no centro de SP. 10. What is offered by the famous Terraço Itália restaurant? It offers one of the most privileged views of the city of SP. O que oferece o famoso Restaurante Terraço Itália? Oferece uma das mais privilegiadas vista da cidade de SP.



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story /stories:

Collocations Translation 1. believe in a silly story 1. crer numa história tola 2. change the whole story 2. mudar a história toda 3. invent an intriguing story 3. inventar uma história intrigante 4. hear a moving story 4. ouvir uma história comovente 5. pursue the true story 5. buscar a história verdadeira 6. report the genuine story 6. relatar a verdadeira história 7. fabricate a love story 7. inventar uma história amorosa 8. hear an amazing story 8. ouvir uma história surpreendente 9. narrate an exciting story 9. narrar uma história empolgante 10. check the detailed story 10. verificar a história detalhada

Vocabulary Pre Test- Text 2

A B? 1. sold papers a. (5) aprendendo uma profissão 2. shined shoes b. (4) imigrantes se estabeleceram 3. cleaned stores c. (2) engraxava sapatos 4. immigrants settled d. (1) vendia jornais 5. learning a trade e. (3) limpava as lojas

Analysis of Text 2 1. past simple: regular: cleaned (L-2) // shined (L-2) // settled (L-5) // crowded (L-7) //

worked (L-9&14) // pertained (L-16) // marched (L-20) // irregular: sold (L-1) // ran (L-2) // was (L-2) // had (L-4 & 8) // found (L-6) //

were not (L-6) // were (L-8) came (L-10) // began (L-13) // went (L-15 & 20) // spoke (L-18)

2.1 – past continuous – was learning (L-14) // were waiting (L-12) 2.2 – past perfect – had just enlisted (L-3) // had dreamed (L-6) 3. Collocation practice a) living conditions ( L-6) [condições de vida] // b) working conditions ( L-8/19) [condições de trabalho] // c) working day( L-21) [dia de trabalho] // d) social issues ( L-16) [questões sociais]



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Vocabulary Post Test Text 2

A B? 1. ran errands a. (4) iniciou um aprendizado 2. had enlisted b. (3) poderiam ser demitidos 3. might be fired c. (5) fizeram greve 4. began an apprenticeship d. (1) levava recados 5. went on strike e. (2) tinha se alistado

Vocabulary Pre Test- Text 3

A B? 1. labor movement a. (3) desconsiderou suas exigências 2. unemployed people b. (4) trabalhadores nas fábricas 3. ignored his demands c. (1) movimento trabalhista 4. factory workers d. (5) emprego seguro 5. secure job e. (6) ajuda financeira 6. relief money f. (2) pessoas desempregadas

Analysis of Text 3 1. past simple regular: convinced (L-1) // ignore (L-5) // moved (L-7) // organized (L-8) //

planned (L-14) irregular: was (L-1) // spent (L-2) // was not (L-4) // became (L-4) // began

(L-6, 8 & 12) // spread (L-11) 2. passive voice “…a national union of carpenters was founded “ (L-9/10) um sindicato nacional dos carpinteiros foi fundado 3. Observe o fragmento “an eight-hour workday” ( L-13) Tradução: um dia de trabalho de oito horas // Hour não aprece no plural porque está funcionando como um adjetivo; pode se dizer: a workday that lasts eight hours (= um dia de trabalho que dura oito horas) 4. Collocation practice a) city government (=governo da cidade // b) public peace ( a pz pública) // c) workers’ rights (= direitos dos trabalhadores // d) easy road (caminho fácil)



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Vocabulary Pre Test

A B? 1. carried banners a. (2 ) pão caseiro 2. homemade bread b. (1) portavam faixas 3. apple pie c. (4) campanhas políticas 4. political campaigns d. (5) complexos turísticos 5. resort areas e. (3) torta de maçã

Analysis of text 4 1. past simple regular: marched (L-2) // carried (L-2) // celebrated (L-8) // voted (L-8) irregular: read (L-3) // ate (L-6) // spread (L-7) 2. present simple: celebrate (L-10) // have (L-11) // kick (off) (L-12) //

consider (L-13) 3. True Cognates - quaisquer dez dentre estes: September // Labor // // parade // recreation // picnics // celebrate // Idea // states // Congress // fanfare // community // political // campaigns // Americans // consider // popular Vocabulary Post Test

A B? 1. Irish stew a. (2) realizar paradas 2. have parades b. (1) cozido irlandês 3. holding rallies c. (4) apinhados de gente 4. packed with people d. (3) fazendo comícios 5. less fanfare e. (5) menos ostentação

PICTURE TEST 3 (a) - Mr. Nuts kept making passes at his pretty secretary. O Sr. Nuts ficava passando cantadas na sua bela secretária.



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EXERCISES I. Irregular verbs 1. [STOOD] Carpinteiros italianos distinguiam-se dos outros profissionais 2. [BECAME] Aquele fato ocorreu antes que o pais se tornasse uma república. 3. [LED] Foi sua coragem que conduziu os exploradores ao sucesso. 4. [BUILT] Não sei exatamente quando eles construíram aquele supermercado. 5. [BEGAN] Marta começou a trabalhar naquela loja quando tinha 18 anos. 6. [WENT] Todos os trabalhadores da fábrica entraram em greve ontem. 7. [CAME] Ninguém sabe por que Jerry chegou atrasado no escritório hoje. 8. [SOLD] Peter vendia jornais nas ruas de NY. 9. [HAD] Não fui ao clube com vocês porque tinha que estudar. 10. [SPREAD] A idéia rapidamente se espalhou por todo o país. II. Regular & Irregular verbs 1. [FOUNDED] Eles fundaram o Sindicato Nacional dos Carpinteiros em Chicago. 2. [SPENT] Ele passou o ano seguinte falando a multidões de trabalhadores. 3. [PLANNED] Peter e outros trabalhadores planejavam um feriado para eles. 4. [MARCHED] 20.000 trabalhadores desfilaram numa para pela Broadway. 5. [CARRIED] Trabalhadores carregavam faixas exigindo seus direitos. 6. [HELD] Os trabalhadores fizeram sua primeira parada do Dia do Trabalho

em NY. 7. [INAUGURATED] Eles inauguraram o Edifício Martinelli em 1929. 8. [SATISFIED] O projeto satisfez as exigências do homem de negócios. 9. [EVOKED] O Edifício Martinelli evocava um orgulho nos paulistanos. 10. [WENT] Peter trabalhava durante o dia e ia à escola à noite. III - Practice making up questions 1. John spoke German in school. a) “Who spoke German in school?” “John did.” b) “What did John speak in school?” “German.” c) “Where did John speak German?” “At school.”



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2. Mark’s father worked in that firm for thirty years. a) “Who worked in that firm for thirty years?” “Mark’s father did. b) "Where did Mark’s father work for 30 years?” “In that firm.” c) “How long did Mark’s father work in that firm?” “For 30 years.” 3. Maria had many friends when she studied in high school. a) “Who had many friends when she studies in high school?” "Maria did.” b) “Where did Maria have many friends?” “In high school.” c) "When did Maria have many friends?” “At the time she studied in high school.” 4. Fred drank 5 cups of coffee yesterday.. a) "Who drank 5 cups of coffee yesterday?” “Fred did.” b) "What did Fred drink yesterday?” “Coffee.” c) "How many cups of coffee did Fred drink?” “5 cups.” d} "When did Fred drink five cups of coffee?” “Yesterday.” IV. the little word ‘as’: 1. As the judge entered the courtroom, everybody rose.

Quando o juiz entrou no tribunal todos se levantaram. 2. I left by the back door so as not to meet Jenny’s brother.

Sai pela porta dos fundos para não encontrar com o irmão da Jenny. 3. That yard is not so long as ours.

Aquele pátio não é tão comprido quanto o nosso. 4. As long as you promise to return my book soon, you can borrow it.

Desde que você prometa devolver meu livro logo, pode pegá-lo emprestado. 5. As yet they haven’t chosen the new president.

Até agora não escolheram o novo presidente.



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6. Nobody knows English well in my group. I might as well do the

translation myself. Ninguém sabe bem inglês no meu grupo. É melhor eu fazer a tradução eu mesmo.

7. You’re wrong! Bill’s father works as an engineer for ICF. Você está errado! O pai do Bill trabalho como engenheiro da ICF.

8. I know you like strawberries, but the other kids love them as well. Sei que você gosta de morangos, mas as outras crianças adoram, também.

9. As a rule Ruth wakes up early to go to work. Geralmente a Ruth acorda cedo par air trabalhar.

10. Henry looked pale, as though he had seen a ghost. Henry parecia pálido com se tivesse visto um fantasma.

11. We will start the review for the final test as of next week. Começaremos a revisão para a prova final a partir da semana que vem

12. My old Dad does not walk round the square as he used to. Meu velho pai não mais caminha em volta da pracinha como costuma fazer.

V – Complete with the prefixes IN- or UN- : 1. [unpopular] Como grande líder dos seu partido ele tinha que tomar algumas

decisões impopulares. 2. [inexpensive] Compramos souvenirs baratos durante nossa viagem à Ásia. 3. [incomparable] Vamos ver uma peça com a incomparável Anita Vasquez. 4. [indecisive}. Don não é o homem certo para o cargo de gerente. Ele é muito

indeciso. 5. [unbelievable] Samuel nos contou uma história realmente incrível ontem à

noite. 6. [inconceivable] Aquela idéia era tão inconcebível que nem me passou pela

cabeça. 7. [unfair] De qualquer modo, acho que você está sendo injusto com os meninos 8. [invariable] Este item não muda. È invariável 9. [unimaginable] A velocidade que seu carro atingiu era simplesmente

inimaginável para aquela época. 10. [infinite] Se você analisá-lo com mais cuidado verá que existem infinitas

possibilidades a serem exploradas.



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VI – Past simple practice: 1. A: “Did you go to the Zoo last Sunday?” B: “No, we didn’t. We went to the park.” A – Você foram ao Zoológico no domingo passado? B – Não. Fomos ao parque. 2. A: “Did you spend your last vacation in Rio?” B: “No, I didn’t. I spent it abroad.” A – Você passou suas últimas férias no Rio? B – Não. Passei no exterior. 3. A: “Did you study your English lesson yesterday?” B: “No, I didn’t. I studied Chemistry.” A – Você estudou sua lição de inglês ontem? B – Não. Estudei química. 4. A: “Did Glenda leave the office late yesterday?” B: “No, she didn’t. She left quite early.” A – A Glenda saiu tarde do escritório ontem? B – Não. Saiu bem cedo. 5. A: “Did Sandra send you an e-mail last week?” B: “No, she didn’t. She sent a postcard.” A – A Sandra te enviou um e-mail na semana passada? B – Não. Ela me mandou um cartão postal. 6. A: “Did Phil visit you in Amsterdam?” B: “No, he didn’t. He visited me in Paris.” A – O Phil te visitou em Amsterdã? B – Não. Ele me visitou em Paris. 7. A: “Did Anna draw out R$ 100,00 from the ATM?” B: “No, she didn’t. She drew out R$ 70,00.” A – A Ana sacou R$ 100,00 do caixa eletrônico? B – Não. Ela sacou R$ 70,00. 8. A: “Did Helen get the first prize?” B: “No, she didn’t. She got the 2nd prize.” A – A Helena ganhou o primeiro prêmio? B – Não. Ela ganhou o segundo prêmio.



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9. A: “Did I tell you to study the whole chapter?” B: “No, you didn’t. You told us to study part of it.” A – Eu lhes disse para estudar o capítulo todo? B – Não. Você nos disse para estudar parte dele. 10. A: “Did the director come to talk to you” B: “No, he didn’t. His assistant came to talk to us.” A – O diretor veio falar com vocês? B – Não. O assistente dele veio falar conosco.



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Avalie se os seguintes objetivos da AULA 3 foram alcançados.

OBJECTIVES (OBJETIVOS) Draw your attention to the following essential points: Chamar sua atenção para os seguintes pontos essenciais: I. The study of Verb Tenses: The Past Simple & its uses O estudo dos tempos verbais: O passado simples e seus usos II . Analysis of text 1: ‘Italian Architecture in Brazil” Análise do texto ‘Arquitetura Italiana no Brasil’ III. Word Forms – The suffixes –ED // -NESS // -MENT Formação das palavras – os sufixos –ED // -NESS // -MENT IV. Key Words: As, Among, Between // Collocation: STORY Palavras –chave: as / among, between // Collocation: ‘história’ V. Irregular Verbs - Summary Verbos irregulares – um resumo VI. Analysis of text 2; “Labor Day (I)’ Estudo do texto 2: ‘O Dia do Trabalho(I)’ VII. Word Forms – The suffixes –ER // -SHIP Formação das palavras – os sufixos –ER // -SHIP VIII. Analysis of text 3 ‘Labor Day (II)” Estudo do texto 3: ‘O Dia do Trabalho(II)’ IX. Word Forms – The prefixes UN- & IN- Formação das palavras – os prefixos UN– // IN- X. Analysis of text 4 ‘Labor Day (III)” Estudo do texto 4: ‘O Dia do Trabalho(III)’ XI. A word about prepositions of time Uma palavra sobre as preps iindicativas de tempo XIII. Picture Test 3 Teste com gravuras 3 XII. Exercise Section Seção de Exercícios



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03 -ThePastSimpleTense

Documents

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ano passado

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infinitivo sem o

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sbado passado

past simple com

voc viu o ultimo filmo