Landscape restoration Rhett D Harrison World Agroforestry Centre
Jan 24, 2015
Landscape restoration
Rhett D HarrisonWorld Agroforestry Centre
The big picture
➢ Globally over 60% of ecosystem services impaired
➢ More than 2 billion ha of degraded land globally
➢ Causes:✔ Unsustainable agricultural practices✔ Deforestation and (illegal) land clearing (fire)✔ Alien-invasive species✔ Pollution✔ Mining / infrastructure
➢ Drivers:✔ Population growth✔ Economic pressures
What are our objectives?
Restoration of Earth's life-support systems
✔Repair of Ecosystem Services● Biodiversity● Carbon● Water supply / quality● Soil fertility● Erosion
✔Livelihood improvement
✔Climate change resilience/mitigation
✔Food security
Suan County, North Korea
Diversity is important
Chazdon (2014) Second Growth
Tylianakis (2008) Plos Biology
Step 1
Address the causes and drivers
Step 2Engage the stakeholders: Suan North Korea
Step 3
Develop your business model?
How to go from current to target with greatest $ efficiency?
Ecosystem Restoration Concessions
➢Forest estate in Indonesia = 133 M ha✔80 M ha logged over✔25 M ha without management✔2.5 M ha reserved for ERC
➢Protected forests in Indonesia ~25 M ha
➢BAU: forest → Oil Palm or Acacia
Harapan Rainforest ERC, Sumatra
➢ 100,000 ha of logged over forest
➢ >1000 species of tree
➢ 133 globally threatened bird and mammal species
➢ Densities of many species exceeds those found in PAs
Species IUCN status
Harapan Rainforest
Bukit Berisian
Kerichi Siblat
Taman Negara
Elephant EN 5562 116 49
Pig-tailed Macaque VU 7 13 351
Bearded Pig VU 23
Sambar VU 118 182 44
Malayan Tapir EN 53 80 61 26
Tiger EN 67 345 230
Clouded Leopard VU 2225 878
Marbled Cat VU 1112
Banded Civet VU 117
Dhole EN 927 878
Sun Bear VU 71 47 62
Camera-trapping rate (days photo-1)
Forest at Harapan is highly degraded
Harapan
Pasir Mayang
Need for viable business plan
➢ International donor funding is constraining and unreliable
➢ Need to realize short- and long-term income streams
➢ Need to provide livelihood opportunities for forest and forest margin communities
Realistic land-use management plan essential
Business plan
Brancalion et al 2012
➢ Timber
➢ NTFPs (Gaharu, rubber)
➢ Carbon (peat swamp forests)
➢ Water supply (HEP)
➢ Eco-toursim
Knowledge gaps
➢ Cost-benefit analyses of restoration treatments
➢ Yield models for timber and NTFPs
➢ Trade-offs among ESs
➢ Effects of distribution of ecosystem components on ESs
➢ Policy, governance and socio-economics of forest and forest margin communities
Harapan research
Improved / economic survey methods
Adaptive management- Need to incorporate experimental design into interventions
- Need to understand the cost/benefits
- Need to understand trade-offs between objectives
Pioneer thinning trials
Thank you