Page 1
Prentice-Hall © 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 1 of 19
03-59-140-01General Chemistry I
Lectures: M W F 12:30 - 1:20 p.m.
Professor: Dr. David Tramontozzi
Section 1: Room OD104
Office Hours: Monday and Friday9:00-11:30 for now.
Location: Essex Hall Rm. 186-1 (Chemistry Resource Room) for now.
Contact: [email protected]
Text: General Chemistry Edition 8 Author: Petrucci, Harwood, Herring
Publisher: Pearson
Page 2
Prentice-Hall © 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 2 of 19
Students need to purchase the following items from around the university before they come to the labs (starting September 26th):
1.- Laboratory manual (Document Services)$10.00-$15.00
2.- Breakage card (Cashiers Office)$25.00
3.- Safety glasses (Bookstore)$ 5.00
Lab CoatsRequired, $30.00
Essex Hall Lab D 12:00-3:00pm MWFSee Jenny or Sharonna
Laboratory Requirements
Page 3
Prentice-Hall © 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 3 of 19
Chapter 1: Matter—Its Properties and Measurement
General ChemistryPrinciples and Modern Applications
Petrucci • Harwood • Herring
8th Edition
Page 4
Prentice-Hall © 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 4 of 19
Contents
Physical properties and states of matter Système International Units Uncertainty and significant figures Dimensional analysis
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/chapter1/deluxe.html
Page 5
Prentice-Hall © 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 5 of 19
Properties of Matter
Matter: Occupies space, has mass and inertia
Composition: Parts or componentsex. H2O, 11.19% H and 88.81% O by mass
Properties: Distinguishing features physical and chemical properties
Page 6
Prentice-Hall © 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 6 of 19
States of Matter
Examples of physical
changes. The chemical
composition remains constant.
Page 7
Prentice-Hall © 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 7 of 19
1_15
Matter(materials)
Substances Mixtures
Elements CompoundsHomogeneous
mixtures(solutions)
Heterogeneousmixtures
Physical processes
Chemical
reactions
Classification of Matter
PhysicalSeparation ?
YESNO
UniformThroughout ?
ChemicalSeparation ?NO NOYES YES
Page 8
Prentice-Hall © 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 8 of 19
Separations
Filtration Distillation
Paper Chromatography
Page 9
Prentice-Hall © 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 9 of 19
Separating Mixtures
1_17
Substances tobe separateddissolved in liquid
Pureliquid
A B C
mixture
ChromatographyChromatography
As the mixture moves through the
stationary phase, the components are
separated based on their retention time.
Page 10
Prentice-Hall © 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 10 of 19
Significant Figures
Number
6.29 g0.00348 g9.0 1.0 10-8
100 eggs100 g = 3.14159
Count from left from first non-zero digit.
Adding and subtracting.
Use the number of decimal places in the number with thefewest decimal places.
1.14 0.611.67613.416
SignificantFigures
3322Infinite (exact)bad notationvarious
13.4
Page 11
Prentice-Hall © 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 11 of 19
Significant figures
Multiplying and dividing.
Use the fewest significant figures.
0.01208 0.236
Rounding Off
3rd digit is increased if4th digit 5
Report to 3 significant figures.
10.235 12.4590 19.75 15.651
.
10.212.519.815.7
= 0.512
= 5.12 10-3
Page 12
Prentice-Hall © 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 12 of 19
Units
S.I. Units
Length metre, m
Mass Kilogram, kg
Time second, s
Temperature Kelvin, K
Quantity Mole, 6.022×1023 mol-1
Derived Quantities (based on SI units)
Force Newton, kg m s-2
Pressure Pascal, kg m-1 s-2
Energy Joule, kg m2 s-2
Other Common Units
Length Angstrom, Å, 10-8 cm
Volume Litre, L, 10-3 m3
Energy Calorie, cal, 4.184 J
Pressure 1 Atm = 1.064 x 102 kPa
1 Atm = 760 mm Hg
Page 13
Prentice-Hall © 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 13 of 19
SI Prefixes
Page 14
Prentice-Hall © 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 14 of 19
Temperature
T(K) = t(°C) + 273.15
t(°C) = 5/9 [t(°F) – 32]
Page 15
Prentice-Hall © 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 15 of 19
Relative Temperatures
Boiling Pointof Water
Melting Pointof Ice
Boiling Point of Liquid Nitrogen
Hot Day
Very Cold Day
Absolute Zero
Page 16
Prentice-Hall © 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 16 of 19
Volume
Page 17
Prentice-Hall © 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 17 of 19
Density
= m/V
m = VV = m/
g/mL
Mass and volume are extensive properties
Density is an intensive property
Dependent on the quantity of matter present
Independent on the quantity of matter present
Page 18
Prentice-Hall © 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 18 of 19
Conversion
What is the mass of a cube of osmium that is 1.25 inches on each side?
Have volume, need density = 22.48g/cm3
Does the answer make sense ??
Page 19
Prentice-Hall © 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 19 of 19
Wrong units
The Gimli Glider, Q86, p30
Page 20
Prentice-Hall © 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 20 of 19
Uncertainties
• Systematic errors.– Thermometer constantly 2°C too low.
• Random errors– Limitation in reading a scale.
• Precision– Reproducibility of a measurement.
• Accuracy– How close to the real value.
Page 21
Prentice-Hall © 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 21 of 19
End of Chapter Questions
1, 3, 5, 12, 14, 17,18, 20, 30, 35, 41, 49, 50, 61, 72, 74, 79.