1 IBM Advanced Technical Sales © 2014 IBM Corporation 020 Network Install Linux on POWER Red Hat Edition
1IBM Advanced Technical Sales © 2014 IBM Corporation
020 Network Install
Linux on POWER
Red Hat Edition
2IBM Advanced Technical Sales © 2014 IBM Corporation
RHEL 6.5 Network Install
• Your first (odd) RHEL installed LPAR will become a network install server
• Bring over sk_rh65 script
• Run sk_rh65 –s for install server setup on odd LPAR– Checks for and makes directories
– Checks mounts
– Checks NFS exports
– Places network boot image
– Installs RPMS
– Brings over kickstart template
– Brings over /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf file
– chkconfig sets run levels for a number of services
– sed /etc/selinux/config to disable SELINUX
– Prompts for reboot of odd LPAR – y
• Reboot odd LPAR
3IBM Advanced Technical Sales © 2014 IBM Corporation
RHEL 6.5 Network Install
• Run sk_rh65 with other command line flags on odd LPAR, to enable client install– Creates client stanza in /var/lib/tftpboot/etc/yaboot.conf
– Runs ssh lpar_netboot onto HMC to retrieve client MAC address
– Links client MAC address to /var/lib/tftpboot/etc/yaboot.conf
– Parses kickstart template to create unique file /export/kickstart/ks_sNN.cfg for your client
– Inserts client stanza in /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf, restarts dhcpd
• Activate the even LPAR, network install client, to Open Firmware
• Open Firmware 0 > boot syntax
• Several tftp transfers automatically
• RHEL install starts automatically
• RHEL install packages complete
• RHEL post installation
• Post install checks
• Convenient HMC commands
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RHEL 6.5 Network Install
• Same desktop tools required
- terminal, then ssh for login into Hardware Management Console (HMC) and
Linux LPARs (VMs)
- VNC viewer for graphical network install if desired
• Your LPARs are created for you, see your student worksheet
– odd LPAR (s21, s67, etc) is media installed, will be install server
– even LPAR (s22, s68, etc) for network install client
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Bring over sk_rh65 script
• On the odd LPAR …
# mount 10.31.193.105:/export/config_files /mnt
# cp /mnt/sk_rh65 sk_rh65
# umount /mnt
# ./sk_rh65 (see usage message)
# ./sk_rh65 –s
…
…
Setup complete. Reboot required. Reboot now? (y/n) y
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Enable the client install from odd LPAR
• After reboot, on your ODD LPAR…
# ./sk_rh65 –H <hmc ip> –u <hmc user> \–m <managed server> \–c <client hostname> \–p <partition name> \–f <profile name>
• If dhcpd restart fails see instructor
• You will be prompted for student password on hmc twice
• The next 21 slides represent the manual config that the script has replaced. They are included for reference. The button below will skip forward to ssh into the HMC, for booting the client LPAR and opening its console
Skip forward to
ssh into HMC
EVEN client_hostname
sNN
EVEN partition name sNNProfile name sNN, same as your
EVEN partition name
Managed_server from
worksheet, 73nP
7IBM Advanced Technical Sales © 2014 IBM Corporation
Network boot image• ssh to your odd install server LPAR (you just media installed it)
• We will prepare a somewhat “indirect” network boot with yaboot
# mkdir –p /var/lib/tftpboot/etc# mkdir –p /var/lib/tftpboot/ppc/ppc64# cp /export/RHEL65DVD/ppc/chrp/yaboot /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot_RHEL65# cp /export/RHEL65DVD/ppc/ppc64/yaboot.conf /var/lib/tftpboot/etc# cp /export/RHEL65DVD/ppc/ppc64/initrd.img /var/lib/tftpboot/ppc/ppc64# cp /export/RHEL65DVD/ppc/ppc64/vmlinuz /var/lib/tftpboot/ppc/ppc64
Name yaboot in such a way, that we know
what it is 6 months from now
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Network boot image• Check your work
# ls -la /var/lib/tftpboottotal 276drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Apr 29 11:39 .drwxr-xr-x. 43 root root 4096 Apr 29 11:38 ..drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Apr 29 11:40 etcdrwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Apr 29 11:38 ppc-r--r--r--. 1 root root 263760 Apr 29 11:39 yaboot_RHEL65
# ls -la /var/lib/tftpboot/etctotal 12drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Apr 29 11:40 .drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Apr 29 11:39 ..-r--r--r--. 1 root root 221 Apr 29 11:40 yaboot.conf
# ls -la /var/lib/tftpboot/ppc/ppc64total 43564drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Apr 29 11:41 .drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Apr 29 11:38 ..-r--r--r--. 1 root root 28205108 Apr 29 11:41 initrd.img-r-xr-xr-x. 1 root root 17020184 Apr 29 11:41 vmlinuz
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Edit client stanza into /var/lib/tftpboot/etc/yaboot.conf
# vi /var/lib/tftpboot/etc/yaboot.confinit-message = "\nWelcome to the 64-bit Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.5 installer!\nHit <TAB> for boot options.\n\n"
timeout=6000
default=linux
image=/ppc/ppc64/vmlinuz
label=linux
initrd=/ppc/ppc64/initrd.img
read-only
image=/ppc/ppc64/vmlinuz
label=sNN
initrd=/ppc/ppc64/initrd.img
append="ks=nfs:<oddlparip>:/export/kickstart/ks_sNN.cfg ksdevice=eth0 ip=<evenlparip> netmask=255.255.240.0 gateway=10.31.196.250 noipv6"
read-only
I was not excited about editing this file for EVERY client. But adding a unique stanza for each client is not too complicated, saves a lot of error prone typing at Open Firmware, and supports the idea of multiple install clients. I am scripting up a “mass” config
Note the stanza for the “default label”
Create one stanza for your client even
LPAR, with a specific label for your client,
and a specific append for your client
All one line. No newline, no enter
sNN is your EVEN LPAR
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Client MAC and IP Address
• At HMC login, use lpar_netboot command to collect MAC address from your client (even) LPAR. LPAR name and profile name are identical.
student@m1-hmc-1:~> lpar_netboot -M -n -t ent sNN sNN 73nP# Connecting to sNN# Connected# Checking for power off.# Power off complete.# Power on sNN to Open Firmware.# Power on complete.# Getting adapter location codes.# Type Location Code MAC Address Full Path Name Ping Result Device Typeent U8233.E8B.103736P-V26-C2-T1 e683616c7502 /vdevice/l-lan@30000002 n/a virtual
• Back on your install server (odd) LPAR, link yaboot.conf to a MAC address filename
# cd /var/lib/tftpboot/etc# ln –s yaboot.conf 01-e6-83-61-6c-75-02
# ls01-e6-83-61-d7-77-02 yaboot.conf
LPAR name, profile name (same as
LPAR name), server name
We will also use MAC address
when editing dhcpd.conf file –
important 01- prefix here
Write the MAC address on your
student worksheet.
If you get a “cannot connect” error, you have console open to
even LPAR in another window. Close that console and retry
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Kickstart info
• We use a ks.cfg file to automate behavior of a RHEL install
• The media install of your odd LPAR left a representative kickstart file /root/anaconda-ks.cfg
• I used this as a basis for <instructor server>:/export/config_files/ks_template.cfg
• Copy it to your odd LPAR, and also copy it to name that matches your client hostname
• On the odd LPAR…
# mkdir –p /export/kickstart# echo “/export/kickstart *(ro,no_root_squash)” >>/etc/exports
# mount <instructorserver>:/export/config_files /mnt# cp /mnt/ks_template.cfg /export/kickstart# umount /mnt# cd /export/kickstart# cp ks_template.cfg ks_sNN.cfg
• Into the template, many parameters were added from Red Hat Chapter 31.4 Kickstart options https://access.redhat.com/site/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/5/html/Installation_Guide/s1-kickstart2-options.html
sNN, your even
LPAR hostname
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12IBM Advanced Technical Sales © 2014 IBM Corporation
Arrowheads are NOT
part of an ip address
Kickstart info
• Make edits to your /export/kickstart/ks_sNN.cfg file
# Kickstart file automatically generated by anaconda.#version=DEVELinstall#cdromnfs --server=<install server ip> --dir=/export/RHEL64DVDlang en_US.UTF-8keyboard uslogging --host=<install server ip> --level=debugnetwork --onboot yes --device eth0 --bootproto static --ip <yourclientip> --netmask 255.255.240.0 --gateway 10.31.196.250--nameserver 10.36.196.1 –noipv6 –hostname <yourclienthostname>
rootpw --iscrypted$6$tkUSTyREWqY6wLxg$zH92ZhUgG/h71zU2hChHXEDICngTNJPobh2Fo.7GGQZ/TDuOjft8XBy3A9Wp2frgzktWZNdWwZlOmjJinGU.D0#firewall –service=sshfirewall –disabled#authconfig –enableshadow –passalgo=sha512authconfig –enablemd5 --enableshadow Don’t close the file
after these edits, there
are more
sNN, your even
LPAR hostname
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Kickstart info
• Make edits to your /export/kickstart/ks_sNN.cfg file
#selinux –enforcingselinux –disabledtimezone --utc America/Chicagobootloader --location=partition --driveorder=mpatha --append="crashkernel=auto console=hvc0 rhgb quiet“# The following is the partition information you requested# Note that any partitions you deleted are not expressed# here so unless you clear all partitions first, this is# not guaranteed to work
zerombrclearpart --all –-initlabel --drives=mpatha,mpathb
part prepboot --fstype=prepboot --size=4 –-ondisk=mpathapart /boot --fstype=ext4 --size=500 –-ondisk=mpathapart pv.253003 --grow --size=1 –-ondisk=mpatha
volgroup vg_sNN --pesize=4096 pv.253003logvol / --fstype=ext4 --name=lv_root --vgname=vg_sNN --grow --size=1024 ---maxsize=51200logvol swap --name=lv_swap --vgname=vg_sNN --grow --size=1984 --maxsize=1984
sNN, your even
LPAR hostname
3 partitions
created on
mpatha
Caution with initlabel if
you have data on
some LUNs
vg created
on 1 of the
partitions
Logical volumes
created in vg
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Kickstart info
• Make edits to your /export/kickstart/ks_sNN.cfg file
# define additional repositoriesrepo --name=IBM_Power_Tools --baseurl=http://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/server/POWER/Linux/yum/IBM/RHEL/6/ppc64repo --name=IBM_Power_SDK_Tools --baseurl=http://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/server/POWER/Linux/yum/SDK/RHEL/6/ppc64repo --name=Advance_Toolchain --baseurl=ftp://ftp.unicamp.br/pub/linuxpatch/toolchain/at/redhat/RHEL6
services --disabled NetworkManager,bluetooth,ip6tables,iptables --enabled httpd,nfs
#vnc --password=abcd1234
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Kickstart info
• Make edits to your /export/kickstart/ks_sNN.cfg file
%packages@base@client-mgmt-tools@core@debugging@basic-desktop@desktop-debugging@desktop-platform…krb5-workstationlibXmuperl-DBD-SQLite
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Kickstart info
• Make edits to your /export/kickstart/ks_sNN.cfg file
%post#!/bin/shmount <instructor server ip>:/export/config_files /mntcd /mntrpm -ivh ibm-power-repo*cdumount /mnt
mkdir -p /export/RHEL64DVDmount <install server ip>:/export/RHEL65DVD /export/RHEL65DVD
echo "[RHEL65DVD]" >/etc/yum.repos.d/RHEL65DVD.repoecho "name=The_RHEL65DVD" >>/etc/yum.repos.d/RHEL65DVD.repoecho "baseurl=file:///export/RHEL65DVD" >>/etc/yum.repos.d/RHEL65DVD.repoecho "enabled=1" >>/etc/yum.repos.d/RHEL65DVD.repoecho "gpgcheck=0" >>/etc/yum.repos.d/RHEL65DVD.repo
yum -y install ibm-power-managed-rhel6yum -y install nmon%end
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On the Install server, some DHCP doc• Some detailed information to read carefully later
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-common-4.1.1/README
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-common-4.1.1/RELNOTES
• Initially, no manpage for dhcpd, no dhcpd.conf file# man dhcpd
No manual entry for dhcpd
# ls /etc/dhcp
dhclient.d dhclient-eth0.confh
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Install dhcp, and tftp server from iso media• Install rpms on your install server (odd) LPAR
# rpm –ivh /export/RHEL65DVD/Packages/dhcp-4.1.1*
# rpm –ivh /export/RHEL65DVD/Packages/dhcp-common*
# rpm –ivh /export/RHEL65DVD/Packages/tftp-0*
# rpm –ivh /export/RHEL65DVD/Packages/xinetd*
# rpm –ivh /export/RHEL65DVD/Packages/tftp-server*
• Now check
# ls /etc/dhcp
dhclient.d dhclient-eth0.conf dhcpd6.conf dhcpd.conf
# man dhcpd
• See the sample file
# view /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample
common
likely already
installed
You could
just yum
install these
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Bring over dhcpd.conf file from instructor server
• # mount 10.31.193.105:/export/config_files /mnt
# cp /mnt/dhcpd.conf /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
# umount /mnt
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Edit up dhcpd.conf file• vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
#
# DHCP Server Configuration file.
# see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample
# see 'man 5 dhcpd.conf‘
#
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
#
# see /etc/rsyslog.conf for local7 log direct
log-facility local7;
#
# A subnet we are not using
subnet 11.1.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
}
# Your workshop network - do NOT use dynamic-bootp - do NOT use a range
# Any range seems to DHCPOFFER dynamic addresses to requests; not what we want
# We are assigning specific IP to specific client MAC
subnet 10.31.192.0 netmask 255.255.240.0 {
option routers 10.31.196.250;
}
We’ll look at
rsyslog entry for
local7 later
This first page
is identical for
every student
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Edit up dhcpd.conf file• vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
host sNN{
hardware ethernet nn:nn:nn:nn:nn:nn;
fixed-address your.inst.client.ip;
filename "yaboot_RHEL65";
server-name “your.inst.server.ip";
}
MAC address of
YOUR install
client here
IP address of
YOUR install
client here, no
quotes
Just the bootfile
name, NO path.
dhcpd starts up
with a default path
IP address of
YOUR install
server
Hostname of YOUR
even LPAR install
client
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Start dhcpd• # service dhcpd start
Starting dhcpd: [FAILED]
• OK, what problems do I have with syntax in dhpcd.conf? Try it on the command line# dhcpd -cf /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Server 4.1.1-P1
Copyright 2004-2010 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
WARNING: Host declarations are global. They are not limited to the
scope you declared them in.
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf line 23: expecting numeric value.
hardware ethernet E6:83:6D:0A:29:nn;
^
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf line 26: semicolon expected.
server-name
^
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf line 26: expecting a parameter or declaration
server-name "10.31.193.81";
^
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf line 28: unexpected end of file
}
^
Configuration file errors encountered -- exiting
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Start dhcpd• Make edits, try again
# dhcpd -cf /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Server 4.1.1-P1
Copyright 2004-2010 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
WARNING: Host declarations are global. They are not limited to the
scope you declared them in.
Not searching LDAP since ldap-server, ldap-port and ldap-base-dn were
not specified in the config file
Wrote 0 deleted host decls to leases file.
Wrote 0 new dynamic host decls to leases file.
Wrote 0 leases to leases file.
Listening on LPF/eth0/e6:83:60:11:22:02/10.31.192.0/20
Sending on LPF/eth0/e6:83:60:11:22:02/10.31.192.0/20
Sending on Socket/fallback/fallback-net
# service --status-all | grep dhcp
dhcpd (pid 6001) is running...
dhcpd is stopped
It is running. Not
sure what
stopped means
Just fyi – Host does
not have to be
defined within a
Subnet
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24IBM Advanced Technical Sales © 2014 IBM Corporation
dhcpd logging• About that “log-facility local7;” entry…
# grep local7 /etc/rsyslog.conf
local7.* /var/log/boot.log
# tail -f /var/log/boot.log
…
Oct 24 16:18:47 m1-stu01 dhcpd: DHCPDISCOVER from 00:21:d7:31:ae:40 via
eth0: network 10.31.192.0/20: no free leases
Oct 24 16:20:01 m1-stu01 dhcpd: DHCPDISCOVER from 00:21:d7:31:ae:40 via
eth0: network 10.31.192.0/20: no free leases
Oct 24 16:20:04 m1-stu01 dhcpd: DHCPDISCOVER from 00:21:d7:31:ae:40 via
eth0: network 10.31.192.0/20: no free leases
That’s right, do NOT give out dynamic
addresses to DHCPDISCOVER requests. If
you are still watching this later, you will see
BOOTREQUEST from your install client, and
BOOTREPLY from your install server
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Set services on for restart• chkconfig command, run levels 3, 4, and 5
# chkconfig –-level 345 dhcpd on
# chkconfig –-level 345 xinetd on
# chkconfig –-level 345 nfs on
# chkconfig –-level 345 tftp on
• Start xinetd
# service xinetd start
• Make NFS export
# service nfs start
# exportfs
/export/RHEL65DVD
<world>
/export/kickstart
• <world>
Inserts “disable = no” into
/etc/xinetd.d/tftp
Recall in module 010, we put
/export/RHEL65DVD in
/etc/exports, and
/export/kickstart in this module
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Reduce security config on Install Server• Verify that iptables, ip6tables not running
# service --status-all | grep tablesip6tables: Firewall is not running.iptables: Firewall is not running.
• Check status of selinux# sestatusSELinux status: enabledSELinuxfs mount: /selinuxCurrent mode: enforcingMode from config file: enforcingPolicy version: 24Policy from config file: targeted
If these service status
checks return nothing,
it is likely firewall is
running. Run setup
and turn it off
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Reduce security config on Install Server
• Set SELINUX=disabled
# vi /etc/selinux/config# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.SELINUX=disabled# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,# mls - Multi Level Security protection.SELINUXTYPE=targeted
# shutdown –r now
• Wait until server is back up,before proceeding on next slide
Set SELINUX=disabled
Do NOT change
SELINUXTYPE
We have concluded the
install server needs a
reboot after SELINUX
change
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ssh into HMC
• # ssh [email protected]
Login student,
password from
student worksheet
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Activate even LPAR, open its console
• At the HMC….
• chsysstate –m 73nP –r lpar –o shutdown --immed –n sNN
• chsysstate –m 73nP -r lpar –o on –n sNN –f sNN –b of
At the HMC…
mkvterm –m 73nP –p sNN
Open in progress
Memory
Open Completed.
Keyboard Network SCSI Speaker ok
0 >
lpar name
Boot mode
open firmwareprofile name
Your EVEN
LPAR
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Open firmware 0 > prompt
At the 0 > prompt
0 > boot network:oddlparip,,,, sNN
• You should not have to do this, but you could put more on the 0 > prompt.
• As it happens, you already included it in the append in /var/lib/tftpboot/etc/yaboot.conf
0 > boot network:oddlparip,,evenlparip,gatewayip sNN
Even LPAR name matches the
“label” for this specific client in
/var/lib/tftpboot/etc/yaboot.conf
Four commas,
space, even
LPAR name
Boot-space-
network-colon
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First tftp transfer
This comes from
/etc/dhcp/dhpcd.conf
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0 > boot network:10.31.193.odd,,,, sNN
Response to the First BOOTP request was not received
BOOTP Parameters:
----------------
chosen-network-type = ethernet,auto,none,auto
server IP = 10.31.193.105
client IP = 10.31.193.61
gateway IP = 10.31.196.250
device = /vdevice/l-lan@30000002
MAC address = 5e 15 eb d8 12 2
loc-code = U8233.E8B.103733P-V33-C2-T1
BOOTP request retry attempt: 1
BOOTP request retry attempt: 2
BOOTP request retry attempt: 3
tftp error
If you DON’T get
Filename……yaboot_RHEL65
Check that client IP and MAC
here against what you put in
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
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Second tftp transfer
This the filename linked to
/var/lib/tftpboot/etc/yaboot.conf
recall your 01- prefix…
Type in your “label”
sNN and Enter
or just hit Enter
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Third tftp transfer
vmlinuz
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Fourth tftp transfer
Initrd.img
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Lots of initialization
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Configuring eth0
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Disk Re-initialize all
If you get this Error, tab to Re-initialize all and hit space
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Writing the disk configuration
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RHEL Install
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RHEL install
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RHEL install
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RHEL install
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RHEL install, packages completed
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RHEL install, post-installation
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RHEL install complete
• Hit space to reboot
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Installed LPAR rebooting
Hit 1 for SMS when the word Keyboard appears…
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SMS, configure boot device order
• At SMS Main Menu on reboot, 5 Select Boot Options
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SMS Boot Device Order
• 2. Configure Boot Device Order
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SMS Boot Device Order
• 1. Select 1st Boot Device, 5. Hard Drive
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SMS Boot Device Order
• 1. SCSI
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SMS Boot Device Order
• 1. The first Media Adapter
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SMS Boot Device OrderType the number of your installed SCSI Harddisk and enter
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Configure 1st Boot Device• 2, Set Boot Sequence: Configure as 1st Boot Device
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eXit System Management Services• x to eXit System Management Services
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eXit System Management Services• 1 and enter, watch for boot, and RHEL setup to run
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boot: (no typing here)
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boot:
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RHEL login:• The root pw was encrypted in the kickstart file, same as we used in odd LPAR
install
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Did we get what we expected?
Ibm-power-managed
and nmon installed
SE Linux disabled
m1-sysNN login: root
Password:
[root@m1-sysNN ~]# rpm -qa | grep managed
ibm-power-managed-rhel6-1.2.0-2.ppc64
[root@m1-sysNN ~]# rpm -qa | grep nmon
nmon-14i-1.el6.ppc64
[root@m1-sysNN ~]# sestatus
SELinux status: disabled
Login with the expected,
encrypted password
from kickstart
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Some convenient HMC commands
• lpar_netboot -M -n -t ent m1-sNN sNN 73nP
• chsysstate -m <managed server> -r lpar -o shutdown --immed -n <lparname>
• chsysstate –m <managed server> -r lpar –o on –n <lparname> –f <profilename> –b of
• vtmenu
• rmvterm -m <managed server> -p <lparname>
62IBM Advanced Technical Sales © 2014 IBM Corporation
Unexpected echo of commands or password at console
• If you find strange echo of password or commands on the console of your new Red Hat
instance, you should remove the console specifier on the bootloader statement in your
kickstart files
# grep bootloader your-ks.cfg
bootloader --location=partition --driveorder=mpatha --append="crashkernel=auto
console=hvc0 rhgb quiet"
Remove console=hvc0
from your kickstart files