02 -the_best_of_business_data_communication_and_computer_network_1[1]

Data Business Communication and Computer Network by Novy Inkhamseng 1

າຠຠາງຂວຄ Data & Communication

ລາຣະຍາຌ Contents I. ທຝຓຘຓຝຆຂນຉ Data & Communication .............................................................................. 3

1.1 ທຝຓຘຓຝຆຂນຉຂໆຓຌ .......................................................................................................... 3

1.2 ຌຈຓຍຂຌຑ ຌຝຌຂນຉຂໆຓຌ ............................................................................................. 3

II. ທຝຓຘຓຝຆຂນຉກຝຌຄຄໆຈ ຈຝຌ ............................................................................................ 3

2.1 ກຝຌຄຄໆຈ ຈຝຌ Communication .......................................................................................... 3

2.2 ຎຜເຑຂນຉກຝຌຄຄໆຈ ຈຝຌ ................................................................................................. 3

2.3 ຂຜຍທຌກຝຌຄຄໆຈ ຈຝຌ Communication Process ................................................................ 4

III. ທຝຓຘຓຝຆຂນຉ Data Communication ................................................................................. 6

3.1 ທຝຓຘຓຝຆຂນຉ Data Communication ............................................................................... 6

3.2 ທຝຓບທທໄຎກທກຍກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌຂໆຓຌ ................................................................................... 6

IV. ທຝຓຘຓຝຆຂນຉ Computer Network .................................................................................... 7

V. ທຝຓຘຓຝຆຂນຉ Telecommunication ................................................................................... 7

5.1 ນຉຎຜກນຍຂນຉ Telecommunication .................................................................................... 7

5.2 ນຉຎຜກນຍຂນຉ Data Communication .................................................................................. 7

5.3 ກຝຌຄຄໆຈ ຈຝຌຂໆຓຌຂຝທຈຝຌ Data Communication ........................................................... 8

5.4 ຎໄຊທ ທຌໆຝຌຉເຉກຝຌເຖ ນກຄທກຝຉ ............................................................................. 8

5.5 ຎຜເຑຂນຉຈຌຆຝຌທ ໃງໃຌກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌຂໆຓຌ ......................................................................... 8

5.6 ງຜຌຂນຉຈຌຆຝຌທ ໃງໃຌກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌຂໆຓຌ ........................................................................... 9

5.7 ຎຜເຑຂນຉກຝຌບຍ-ຈຉຈຌຆຝຌຂໆຓຌ .................................................................................. 10

5.8 ທທຝຉກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌຂໆຓຌ (Direction of data Flow) .............................................................. 11

5.9 ຎຜເຑຂນຉກຝຌບຍ-ຈຉຈຌຆຝຌຂໆຓຌ .................................................................................. 12

5.10 ຄທກຝຉຈ ຈຝຌຂໆຓຌ (Communication Media) ..................................................................... 13

5.11 ນຎຜກນຌຈໆຝຖຍກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌ ................................................................................................. 16

VI. ທຝຓຘຓຝຆຂນຉເ ນຂຝຆນຓຑທເຄ .................................................................................... 16

VII. ເຎຝຘຓຝຆຂນຉເ ນຂຝຆນຓຑທເຄ ....................................................................................... 16

VIII. ຎຜໂຘຆຂນຉກຝຌໃງຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆ ..................................................................................... 16

IX. ຎຜເຑຂນຉຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆ ................................................................................................... 17

1. ຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆຈຜເຑຝຜຑ ຌທ (LAN) Local Area Network ..................................................... 17

2. ຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆຖຜຘທຝຉເຓ ນຉ (MAN) Metropolitan Area Network .................................... 17

3. ຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆຖຜຘທຝຉແຂທຉ/ຎຜເທ (WAN) Wide Area Network ................................... 18

4. ຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆຖຜຍຈຝກຌ (IN) Internetwork ..................................................................... 18

5. ຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆຍໆໃງຈຝຆ (WN) Wireless Network ................................................................. 18

6. ຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆຍໆໃງຈຝຆແຍຍ (WiFi) Wireless Fidelity ກຍ IEEE ............................................. 19

7. ຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆແຍຍ (WIMAX) Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access ............. 19

Data Business Communication and Computer Network by Novy Inkhamseng 2

າຠຠາງຂວຄ Data & Communication

7.1 ທຝຓຘຓຝຆຂນຉ WIMAX ............................................................................................ 20

X. ບຍແຍຍກຝຌເງ ນຓຄໆຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆ ...................................................................................... 21

1. ເ ນຂຝຆແຍຍຍໂຎໂຖດ (Bus Topology) ................................................................................ 21

2. ໂທໂຎໂຖດ ແຍຍທຉແຘທຌ (Ring Topology) ............................................................................. 22

3. ເ ນຂຝຆແຍຍຝທໂທໂຎໂຖດ (Star Topology) ........................................................................ 23

4. ເ ນຂຝຆແຍຍຎຜຈຓໂທໂຎໂຖດ Mesh Topology ..................................................................... 24

5. ເ ນຂຝຆແຍຍຎຜຈຓ Tree Topology ...................................................................................... 24

6. Hybrids ................................................................................................................................. 25

7. ເ ນຂຝຆແຍຍ (Hierarchical Topology) .................................................................................. 25

Hub/ Repeater ....................................................................................................................... 25

Bridge ..................................................................................................................................... 26

Switch or Bridge ..................................................................................................................... 26

Gateway ................................................................................................................................. 27

Modem= Modulation Demodulation .................................................................................... 27

ຖຜຍຍໄຓໂກຕເທຍ Microwave................................................................................................. 27

ຝທທຓ Satellite ................................................................................................................... 28

8. ຓຝຄຜຝຌກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌຂໆຓຌ OSI Model (Open Systems Interconnection Model) ............ 29

Data Business Communication and Computer Network by Novy Inkhamseng 3

າຠຠາງຂວຄ Data & Communication

Business Data Communication and Computer Network ລາຣະຍາຌ/Contents

1. ຂ ຠຌກາຌລໆ ລາຌ (Data Communication) 2. ເວຂາໆງວຠພເຉ (Computer Networks) 3. ກາຌລໆ ລາຌໂຣະຠຠະຌາຠ (Telecommunication) 4. ກາຌເຆ ໆວຠໂງຄ-ຉຈຉ ໆ ລໆ ລາຌ (Connection)

I. າຠຠາງຂວຄ Data & Communication 1.1 າຠຠາງຂວຄຂ ຠຌ

Data ແຓຌຂໆທ ແທຊຉກທກຍຍກຌຈຉຂນຉແຌທ ແຖຜ ເຘກຝຌທ ເບຝຈຌໃຊຈກຈຝ ນຝ

ໄຓຝຊຝກກຝຌຌຍ ກຝຌທ ເງຉເຎຌໄທຉຄທເຖກ ຂໆທຝຓ ຈຌຆຝຖກ ຘຖ ບຍຑຝຍ.

Data ແຓຌຂໆທ ແທຊຉກທກຍເຘກຝຌ ຘຖ ຂໆຓຌຍທ ຆຉຍໆຏຝຌກຝຌຎຜຓທຌຏຌຆຉຍໆຓ

ທຝຓຘຓຝຆໃຌກຝຌຌໆຝໄຎໃງຉຝຌ ຂໆຓຌນຝຊຜເຎຌຄທເຖກ ຄທນກຈນຌ ຈຌຆຝຖກ ບຍຑຝຍ ຈຉ ຘຖ ຑຝຍເ ນຌໄຘທ ເຄກຌກນຓຑທເຄ : Hard ware ທ ຈຝຓຝຊຍໄ, Technology ເງຌ: ຌຌຜຑຝຍ.

Data ແຓຌຂໆທ ແທຊຉທ ຓ ດ ຘຖ ໄຓຝຊຝກເຘກຝຌທ ເກ ຂຌ ໂຆຓ ໄຊຝກກຝຌຎຌແຎຉໃ

ເງຉນຝຊຜເຎຌເ ນຉຘຓຝຆຄທເຖກ (ຂໆຓຌເງ ຉຎຜຖຓຝຌ) ຄທນກຈນຌ ຘຖ ຈຌຆຝຖກຈ ໃ (ຂໆຓຌເງ ຉຌຌຜຑຝຍ) ກໆໄຌຈຓຍຂຌຑ ຌຝຌຂນຉຂໆຓຌ.

1.2 ຌລຠຍຈຂ ຌພຌຊາຌຂວຄຂ ຠຌ 1. າຠຊກຉວຄ: ຘຝກເງ ນ ຍໆໄ ຊຜເບໃຘເກ ຏຌເຈຆ ຏໃງຊຜຍໆກຝນຝຉນ ຉ ຘຖ ຌໆຝໄຎໃງໃຘ

ເກ ຎຜໂຘຆ

2. າຠວໆຄໄ ແຣະ ຌລະໄຠ: ທຌຄໆທຝຓຄນຉກຝຌຂນຉຏໃງ ຓ ກຝຌຄນຍຈຜຘຌນຉຄໆຏໃງໄໄທ.

3. າຠລຠຍຌ: ຂຌດກຍກຝຌຖທຍຖທຓຂໆຓຌ ແຖຜ ທທ ກຝຌຎຜຄຍຉຝຌ

4. າຠຆຈເຌ ແຣະ ກະຈຨຈ: ຈ ທຝຓຘຓຝຆໄ

5. າຠລວຈວໆຄ: ຘຖ ທຝຓເຎຌໄຎໄ ທຝຓຄນຉກຝຌຂນຉຍກຌ ຘຖ ຘຌທຆຉຝຌ

II. າຠຠາງຂວຄກາຌຉຈຉ ໆລໆລາຌ 2.1 ກາຌຉຈຉ ໆ ລໆລາຌ Communication

ກຝຌແຖກຎຌຂຝທຈຝຌຖຜຘທຝຉ ຍກຌ ແຖຜ ກຓຌຄຝຉ

2.2 ຎະເພຈຂວຄກາຌຉຈຉ ໆລໆລາຌ 1. ກາຌຉຈຉ ໆ ລໆ ລາຌ ໆເຎຌພາລາ Verbal Communication 2. ກາຌຉຈຉ ໆ ລໆ ລາຌ ໆຍ ໆ ເຎຌພາລາ Nonverbal Communication

ກຝຌຄຄໆຈ ຈຝຌທ ເຎຌຑຝຈຝ Verbal Communication ໄແຍຉນນກເຎຌ 2 ຑຝຈຝ :

ພາລາເາ Speaking Communication ພາລາຂຽຌ Writing Communication

Data Business Communication and Computer Network by Novy Inkhamseng 4

າຠຠາງຂວຄກາຌຉຈຉ ໆ ລໆ ລາຌ

ກາຌລໆ ລາຌເຎຌພາລາຂຽຌ Writing Communication 1. ຊຘຓຝຆ ແຖຜ ຊຘຓຝຆທຖຜກ 2. ຍຌທກຑຝຆໃຌຈໆຝຌກຉຝຌ 3. ຂໆທຝຓທຝຉໂທຖຜຈຍ 4. ຈຉທ ໄຊຍຌທກໄທ 5. ຊຘຓຝຆຂຝທຄຝຉ 6. ຓ ກທກຍກຘຓຝຆ 7. ຌຜໂຆຍຝຆຄຝຉ .

ຂ ຈ ແຣະ ຂ ເລງ ຂວຄກາຌລໆລາຌເຎຌພາລາເາ Speaking Communication ຂ ຈ ຂວຄກາຌໃຆ ພາລາເາ ວໆຄໄ ເຎຌກຌເວຄ ເຌຏຌລະວຌໂຈງໄ ຂ ເລງຂວຄກາຌໃຆ ພາລາເາ ເລງເຣາໃຌກາຌເາຣຠກຌ

ກາຌລໆລາຌໆຍ ໆ ໃຆ ພາລາ ແຓຌກຝຌຈຜແຉນນກທຝຉຑຄກໆຝ ເງຌ:

ກາຌເໆວຌໄຂວຄຨາໆຄກາງ ຣກລະຌະໆາາຄ ລຌາ ກາຌລໆ ລາຌໆລະແຈຄວວກາຄພຈຉກ າ

ລຌຣະຎະໃຌກາຌລໆລາຌໆຍ ໆ ໄຆ ພາລາ ລຣະຎະກາຌຟຄ Listening Skills

2.3 ຂະຍຌກາຌຉຈຉ ໆ ລໆລາຌ Communication Process 1. ວຄຎະກວຍຂວຄກາຌຉຈຉ ໆ ລໆ ລາຌ

ຏຈຉ Sender ແຓຌຏເຖ ຓຄຌຂນຉກຝຌເຏ ຆແຏຂຝທຈຝຌ

ກຝຌໃຈຖຜຘ Encoding ແຓຌຂຜຍທຌກຝຌຄ ທຝຓຘຓຝຆ

ຂຝທຈຝຌ Message ແຓຌຏຌຖຍທ ເກ ຂ ຌຊຝກກຝຌໃຈຖຜຘ ຂຝທຈຝຌທ ຈຉໄຎໃຘຏບຍຄນຉນຝໄຈຈ ກຝຉ

ຏບຍ Receiver ແຓຌຍກຌທ ຄນຉກຝຌໃຘຂຝທຈຝຌຎຌຓ ໄຎເ ຉຊເຎຝຘຓຝຆ

ກຝຌນຖຜຘ Decoding ແຓຌຂຜຍທຌກຝຌແຎຈຌຆຝຖກທ ໄບຍໃຘດໃຌບຍຂນຉຂຝທຈຝຌທ ເຂຝໃຊ

ຈຉຖຍກທຌ Noise ແຓຌຈຉທ ຈນແງກຓຝກຍຂຝທຈຝຌ

Data Business Communication and Computer Network by Novy Inkhamseng 5

າຠຠາງຂວຄກາຌຉຈຉ ໆ ລໆ ລາຌ

One-Way Communication ຂຜຍທຌກຝຌຄຄໆຈ ຈຝຌທ ຍໆເຎ ງນຉທຝຉ ເງຌ: ກຝຌຒຉເທ, ຎຜງຓ

Two-way Communication ກຝຌຄຄໆຈ ຈຝຌແຍຍ 2 ງນຉທຝຉ ເງຌ: ກຍຌກບຌ

Source Information Message Media

Channel Receiver Effect Feed back

Interaction

Data Business Communication and Computer Network by Novy Inkhamseng 6

າຠຠາງຂວຄ Data Communication

III. າຠຠາງຂວຄ Data Communication 3.1 າຠຠາງຂວຄ Data Communication

ກາຌລໆ ລາຌຂ ຠຌ Data Communication ຘຓຝຆເຉ ກຝຌຈຉຂໆຓຌ ຘຖ ຂຝທຈຝຌ ຊຝກຏຈຉຄຌ

ທຝຉ ໄຎຆຉຏບຍຎຝຆທຝຉທ ດຘຝຉໄກ ໂຆຏຝຌງນຉທຝຉກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌ ເຑ ນເຎຌຈ ກຝຉໃຌກຝຌຈຉຂໆຓຌ,

ເງຉນຝຊຜເຎຌແຍຍໃງຈຝຆ ຘຖ ຍໆໃງຈຝຆກໆໄ ຈທຌຂໆຓຌຂຝທຈຝຌຌຌ ນຝຊຜເຎຌຂໆທຝຓຈຉ ຑຝຍເ ນຌໄຘທ ຘຖ ຂໆຓຌທ ເຎຌ Multimedia ກໆໄ. ຉຌຌ, ກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌຂໆຓຌຊຉເຎຌຈທຌຘຌຉຂນຉກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌໂທຖຜຓຓຜຌຝຓ ໂຆເຌຌທ ກຝຌຈຉຏຝຌຂໆຓຌ ໂຆໃງຖຜຍຍນຍຑທເຄ ແຖຜ ເ ນຂຝຆນຓ ຑທເຄ ເຎຌຘຖກ.

ກາຌລໆ ລາຌຂ ຠຌ Data Communication ເຎຌກຝຌຈຉຂໆຓຌຂຝທຈຝຌຊຝກຄຌທຝຉໄຎຆຉຎຝຆທຝຉ

ໂຆຏຝຌງນຉທຝຉກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌ ທຉຈ ແຍຍທ ຄນຉໃງຈຝຆ ແຖຜ ແຍຍຍໆໃງຈຝຆ ຌນກຊຝກຌຌ ຆຉກທຂນຉກຍງຜຌຈຌຆຝຌ ຎຜເຑຂນຉກຝຌຈຉຈຌຆຝຌຂໆຓຌ ທທ ກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌຂໆຓຌ ທທຝຉກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌຂໆຓຌນ ຎຜກນຌແຎຉຈຌຆຝຌ ທທ ກຝຌແຎຉຈຌຆຝຌ.

ກາຌລໆ ລາຌຂ ຠຌ Data Communication ກຝຌບຍ-ຈຉ ກຝຌໂນຌ ຘຖ ກຝຌຆຝຆຂໆຓຌ ແຖຜ ຂໆຓຌ

ຂຝທຈຝຌ ຖຜຘທຝຉນຎຜກນຌກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌຄຝຉ ຏຝຌຈ ຌໆຝຂໆຓຌ.

3.2 າຠຨໆໄຎກຽໆກຍກາຌລໆລາຌຂ ຠຌ ກນຌທ ຊຜຓ ກຝຌໃງນຓຑທເຄ ກຝຌຄຄໆຈ ຈຝຌເຑ ນຈຉຂໆຓຌ ແຖຜ ຂຝທຈຝຌຊຜຏຝຌທຝຉຈ

ຄຝຉ ເງຌ: ໄຎຈຜຌ ໂທຖຜຈຍ ທທຜຆ ຘຌຉຈ ຑຓ ທຝຖຜຈຝຌ ເຎຌຄຌ ຈ ເຘຖຝຌ ແຓຌເຎຌຈ ຘຖກໃຌກຝຌຄຄໆຈ ຈຝຌເຎຌເທຖຝຌຌຝຌແຖທ.

ຆກທໆຝນໃຌກຝຌຌໆຝນຓຑທເຄ ຓຝໃງຉຝຌ ກຝຌທໆຝຉຝຌທກດຝຉຊຜເຎຌແຍຍຖທຓຈຌໃຌຌຌ ຊຜຓ ນຓຑທເຄ ເງຉເຎຌເ ນຉຘຖກທໆຝຉຝຌທ ຈຌກຝຉຉຝຌຄຝຉ ຊຜຈຉຓຝຎຜຓທຌທ ຈຌກຝຉ.

ຆກຄໆຓຝ ໄຑທຜຌຝເຎຌຖຜຍຍຎຜຓທຌຏຌທຝຉໄກ ເງຉຊຜຎຜກນຍໄຎທຆ Terminal (ເຎຌ

ຄທຎຜຓທຌຏຌ) ທ ຊຜເງ ນຓຄໆກຍນຓຑທເຄ ທ ຈຌກຝຉ ຖຜຍຍຌ ເຉແຓຌທຝຊຜຓ ກຝຌກຜຊຝຆກຝຌໃງຉຝຌກຍຏໃງທ ດຘຝຉໄກ ແຄຖຜຍຍທໆຝຉຝຌກໆຆຉຖທຓຈຌດທ ນຓຑທເຄ ກຝຉຂນຉນຉກຝຌດຌຌເນຉ.

ເຓ ນຓ ກຝຌຌໆຝ Micro-Computer ຓຝໃງຉຝຌ ໄເບໃຘເກ ກຝຌທໆຝຉຝຌແຍຍກຜຊຝຆຈຌດຝຉງເຊຌ ແຖຜ ແຏຘຖຝຆຂຌເຖ ນຆ ໃຌເທຖຝທກຌ ຘຝກຓ ຉຝຌທ ງຍງນຌ ແຖຜ ຍໆຈຝຓຝທໆຝຉຝຌໄ ໂຆ Micro-Computer ກໆຈຝຓຝທ ຊຜຎຜຓທຌຏຌຑຝຆໃຄນຓຑທເຄ ທ ຈຌກຝຌໄ ເງຉຊຜເຘຌທຝ ກຝຌທໆຝຉຝຌຉກຝທເຎຌບຍແຍຍກຝຌຎຜຓທຌຏຌແຍຍກຜຊຝຆ.

ໃຌງທຉທໆຝນ ຊຜທໆຝຉຝຌເຎຌເນກຜເທ (ເນກຜງຌ) ໂຆເຎຌບຍແຍຍກຝຌທໆຝຉຝຌແຍຍ

ກຜຊຝຆຈຌຌຌ : ຍໆຓ ກຝຌເງ ນຓໂຆຉເຉກຌ ຊຌກຜທຉເກ ຖຜຍຍ LAN ກຝຌທໆຝຉຝຌໃ ຊຜທໆຝໂຆເຊຝຂນຉຉຝຌ ເງຉເຎຌຄຌທຝຉຂນຉຂໆຓຌ ເຑ ນກຝຌຎຜຓທຌຏຌ ແຄໃຌເທຖຝທກຌຌຌ ກໆຈຝຓຝ ເງ ນຓໂຆຉກຍຏໃງໃຌຊຄຝຉ ທ ດຘຝຉກຌໄ ເບກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌຂໆຓຌໃຌຈໆຝຌກຉຝຌໃຌຓ ທຝຓຈຜທກ ແຖຜ ເຎຌເ ນຉ ຓ ຈໆຝຌຂນຉກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌຂໆຓຌໃຌຈໆຝຌກຉຝຌຎຊຍຌຌ .

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IV. າຠຠາງຂວຄ Computer Network ເວຂາໆງວຠພເຉ (Computer Network) ແຓຌເຎຌກຝຌເງ ນຓໂຆຉນຓຑທເຄ ຄຉແຄຈນຉ

ເ ນຉຂຌໄຎ ເຑ ນຄຄໆຈ ຈຝຌແຖກຎຌຂໆຓຌຖຜຘທຝຉກຌ ໂຆທທໄຎຊຜຎຜກນຍທຆຖຜຍຍນຓຑທເຄ ງນຉທຝຉກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌຂໆຓຌ ແຖຜ ນຎຜກນຌທ ໃງເງ ນຓຄໆ ຌນກຊຝກຌຌ ຆຉຓ ແຍຍຊໆຝຖນຉ ເງຉເຎຌຖຜ ຍຍເຎ ເຑ ນເຎຌແຌທທຝຉຓຝຄຜຝຌ ເຑ ນໃຘຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆນຓຑທເຄ ຄຝຉຖຜຍຍກຌ ທໆຝຉຝຌບທຓກຌໄ.

ເວຂາໆງວຠພເຉ (Computer Network) ກຝຌຌໆຝເ ນຉນຓຑທເຄ ແຄ 2 ເ ນຉຂຌໄຎ ຓຝໃງ

ໃຌກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌຂໆຓຌ.

V. າຠຠາງຂວຄ Telecommunication ກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌໂທຖຜຓຓຜຌຝຓ (Telecommunication) ຘຓຝຆເຉ ກຝຌຈຉຏຝຌຈຌຆຝຌ ຘຖ ຑຜ

ຖຉຉຝຌ ເງຉນຝຊຜເຎຌຂຝທຈຝຌ ຘຖ ຂໆຓຌໃຌບຍແຍຍຄຝຉ ຖຜຘທຝຉຏຈຉ ແຖຜ ຏບຍທ ດຘຝຉໄກກຌໃຌກຝຌຈຉຏຝຌຈຌຆຝຌ ຊຜນຝໃຈງນຉທຝຉກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌຂໆຓຌ ເງຉຊຜເຎຌແຍຍໃງຈຝຆ ຘຖ ແຍຍຍໆໃງຈຝຆ ໂຆຈຉຈຌຆຝຌຏຝຌງຌຍຌຆຝກຝ ເງຌ: ກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌໂຆກຝຌໃງໂທຖຜທ (Tele-Phone) ກຝຌແຏຑຝຍໂທຖຜທ (Tele-Vision) ໂທຖຜເຖກ (Tele-Graph) ເຎຌຄຌ.

ກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌໂທຖຜຓຓຜຌຝຓ (Telecommunication) ຘຓຝຆເຉ ກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌຂໆຓຌໄຖຆຜທຝຉ

ໄກໃຌບຍແຍຍຈຌຆຝຌນ ເຖກໂທຕຌກ, ຎຊຍຌກຝຌຝຆທນຈຌຆຝຌຈທຌໃຘຆ ດໃຌບຍແຍຍ ຊ ຄນຌ

ໂຆໃງນຓຑທເຄ ໃຌກຝຌຈຉຂໆຓຌ ຊຝກຈຜຝຌທ ຘຌຉໄຎຆຉນ ກຈຜຝຌທ ຘຌຉ.

5.1 ວຄຎະກວຍຂວຄ Telecommunication ເ ນຉນຓຑທເຄ ໃງຈໆຝຖຍຎຜຓທຌຏຌ ເ ນຉ Terminal ໃງຈໆຝຖຍບຍ ຘຖ ຈຜແຉຏຌຂໆຓຌ

ງນຉທຝຉຈ ຈຝຌ ນຎຜກນຌຈ ຈຝຌ ຈນຍແທໃງໃຌກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌ

5.2 ວຄຎະກວຍຂວຄ Data Communication

ຏລ ໆຄ ຣ ວຎະກວຌລ ໆຄຂ ຠຌ (Sender)

ຏຨຍ ຣ ວຎະກວຌຨຍຂ ຠຌ (Receiver)

ຏຈຉ ຘຖ ນຎຜກນຌຈຉຂໆຓຌ (Sender)

ຏບຍ ຘຖ ນຎຜກນຌບຍຂໆຓຌ (Receiver)

ຂຝທຈຝຌ (Message)

ຄທກຝຉ (Medium)

ໂຎຕໂຄນຌ (Protocol)

ງນຍແທ (Software)

ຂໆຓຌ (Data)

ຂໆທຝຓ (Text)

ບຍຑຝຍ (Image)

ຈຉ (Voice)

ຂໆຓຌ/ ຂຝທຈຝຌ

ຄທກຝຉ (Medium)

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5.3 ກາຌລໆລາຌຂ ຠຌຂາໆລາຌ Data Communication ຉມາໆຄກາຌລໆ ລາຌຂ ຠຌ

ເຎຌຘຆຉຊຉຄນຉຓ ກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌ? ກຝຌແຖກຎຌຂໆຓຌຖຜຘທຝຉ ຈນຉນຎຜກນຌຏຝຌຄທກຝຉຈຉຂໆຓຌທ ໃງໃຌກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌແຓຌຘຆຉ? ຈທຌຎຜກນຍຂນຉຖຜຍຍກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌຂໆຓຌຓ ຘຆຉແ?

5.4 ຎຈໄໆຌ າຌຄເຊຄກາຌເຣວກຉກາຄ ນຄຝທຝຓໄທໃຌກຝຌຈຉຏຝຌຂໆຓຌ (Transmission Rate)

ໄຖຆຜທຝຉຖຜຘທຝຉ ນຎຜກນຌທ ຄນຉກຝຌເງ ນຓຄໆ ຝໃງຊຝຆ ເງຉເຎຌຝໃງຊຝຆໃຌກຝຌຄຄຉ ຝໃງຊຝຆຎຜຊໆຝ ແຖຜ ຝຍໆຝຖຉບກຈຝ ທຝຓຈຜທກໃຌກຝຌຄຄຉ ຍຝຉຑ ຌທ ນຝຊຜເຘຓຝຜກຍກຝຌເ ຌຈຝຆ ຘຖ ຍຝຉຑ ຌທ

ນຝຊຜເຘຓຝຜກຍກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌແຍຍຍໆໃງຈຝຆ ທຝຓທຌທຝຌຄໆຈຜຑຝຍແທຖນຓ ທທ ທ ໃງໃຌກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌ ເງຌ: ກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌຂໆຓຌແຍຍຄຝຉ ໃຌທທຝຉທ ໃງຈຉຂໆຓຌແຍຍ

ເຎຌທຝຉທ ກຉຈນຉທຝຉ ຘຖ ແຍຍຈນຉທຝຉ ເຎຌຄຌ.

5.5 ຎະເພຈຂວຄລຌງາຌໆໃຆ ໃຌກາຌລໆລາຌຂ ຠຌ ຈຌຆຝຌເນຌຝຖນກ : ຈຌຆຝຌທ ດໃຌບຍແຍຍຂນຉ ຌ (Waveform) ທ ຓ ທຝຓຄໆເຌ ນຉກຌ

(Continuous) ຓ ກຝຌຎຌແຎຉຖຜຍຂນຉຈຌຆຝຌຂຌ-ຖຉຄຝຓຂຜຘຌຝຂນຉຈຌຆຝຌ (Amplitude)

ແຖຜ ຓ ທຝຓ (Frequency) ທ ເນ ຌທຝ: Hertz (Hz) ຄທດຝຉ: ຈຌຆຝຌເນຌຝຖນກ ເງຌ: ຈຉເທຝ (Voice)

ກຜແຈໄຒຒຝຈຜຘຖຍ ເຎຌຄຌ.

ລຌງາຌຈຉວຌ (Digital Signal) ຈຌຆຝຌ ຊຄນຌ ຘຖ (Pulse Signal) ແຓຌເຎຌຈຌຆຝຌທ ຓ ຖຜຍຍຂນຉຈຌຆຝຌຑຉ 2 ຖຜຍ :

ຈຉ ແຖຜຄໆຝ ກຝຌຎຌຖຜຍຈຌຆຝຌຊຜຍໆຓ ທຝຓຄໆເຌ ນຉກຌ (Discrete) ໂຆຎກກຜຄແຖທ ຖຜຍຈຉ

ຊຜແທຌທຆຄທເຖກ 1 ແຖຜຖຜຍຄໆຝຊຜແທຌທຆ 0.

ໂຓເຓຊຜແຎຉຈຌຆຝຌ

ຊຝກ Digital ເຎຌ Analog

ໂຓເຓຊຜແຎຉຈຌຆຝຌ

ຊຝກ Analog ເຎຌ Digital

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5.6 ຆະຌຈຂວຄລຌງາຌໆໃຆ ໃຌກາຌລໆລາຌຂ ຠຌ ໃຌກາຌລ ໆຄຂ ຠຌເຎຌລຌງາຌເວຌາຣວກຌຌ ເຓ ນໄຖຆຜທຝຉໃຌກຝຌຈຉຂໆຓຌເຑ ຓຂຌເຖ ນຆ

ຊຜຈຉຏຌໃຘຑຜຖຉຉຝຌຂນຉຈຌຆຝຌນນຌຖຉເຖ ນຆ ຉຌຌ, ໃຌກຝຌຈຉຂໆຓຌເຎຌຈຌຆຝຌເນຌຝ

ຖນກທ ຓ ໄຖຆຜທຝຉໄກ ຊຉຊໆຝເຎຌຄນຉທ ເ ນຉຂຜຘຆຝຆຈຌຆຝຌ (Amplifier) ເຑ ນເຑ ຓຑຜຖຉຉຝຌ

ໃຘກຍຈຌຆຝຌ ແຄຂໆເຈຆຂນຉກຝຌໃງເ ນຉຂຜຘຆຝຆຈຌຆຝຌ ຊຜເບໃຘເກ ຈຌຆຝຌຖຍກທຌ

(Noise). ຉຌຌ, ຊຉຊໆຝເຎຌຄນຉໃງທຉຊນຌບນຉຈຌຆຝຌ (Filter) ເຑ ນດນຉເນຝຈຌຆຝຌຖຍກທຌນນກ.

ລໆຌລຌງາຌຈຉວຌ ເຓ ນເຑ ຓໄຖຆຜທຝຉໃຌກຝຌຈຉຂຌ ຊຜຈຝຉຏຌໃຘຈຌຆຝຌຊ ຄນຌ

ຊຝຉຘຝຆໄຎ (ຎຌຊຝກ 1 ເຎຌ 0). ຉຌຌ, ຊຉຊໆຝເຎຌຄນຉໃງເ ນຉທທຌຈຌຆຝຌ (Repeater) ໃຌກຝຌກ ຂໆຓຌ ຌຓຝແຖທ ຊຉຈຉຈຌຆຝຌນນກໄຎໃຘຓ.

ລຌງາຌເວຌາຣວກ (Analog signal) ­ ເຎຌຈຌຆຝຌແຍຍຄໆເຌ ນຉ ເງຌ: ຈຌຆຝຌຈຉໃຌຈຝຆໂທຖຜຈຍ

­ ຂ ຈ : ຈຉໄຖຆຜໄກໄ

­ ຂ ເລງ : ຈຌຆຝຌ ກຖຍກທຌໄຉຝຆ ຂໆຓຌຏຑຝໄ

ລຌງາຌຈຉວຌ (Digital Signal) ­ ຈຌຆຝຌດໃຌບຍຂນຉຄທເຖກຝຌຈນຉ : 0 ແຖຜ 1

­ ໃງໃຌຖຜຍຍນຓຑທເຄ

­ ຂ ຈ : ແຓຌດໆຝ ຓ ທຝຓຘຌຝເງ ນ ຈຉ

­ ຂ ເລງ : ຏຑຝໄຉຝຆ ຝເຎຌກຝຌຈຉໄຖຆຜໄກ

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5.7 ຎະເພຈຂວຄກາຌຨຍ-ລ ຄໆລຌງາຌຂ ຠຌ ແຍຍຂະຌາຌ (Parallel transmission)

ບຍ-ຈຉຂໆຓຌຉຖຜຘຖຝຆ ຍຑນຓກຌ

ຊໆຝຌທຌຂນຉຈຝຆຈ ຈຝຌເທຝກຍຊໆຝຌທຌຍຂນຉຂໆຓຌທ ຄນຉກຝຌຈຉໄຎແຍຍຂຜຘຌຝຌກຌ

ເຈຆຝໃງຊຝຆຘຖຝກທຝກຝຌບຍ-ຈຉຂໆຓຌທຝຉງ ຍໆຈຝຓຝຈຉໄຎໃຌໄຖຆຜທຝຉທ ໄກ ໄ ເຌ ນຉ

ຊຝກຂໆຓຌແຄຖຜງຜຌນຝໄຎເຉ ຎຝຆທຝຉຍໆຑນຓກຌ ໄທກທຝກຝຌຈຉແຍຍທຝຉງ

ຌຆຓໃງໃຌກຝຌບຍຈຉຑຉໄກ ເງຌ: ກຝຌຈຉຂໆ ຓຌນນກໄຎຑຓທ ເ ນຉຑຓເຎຌຄຌ.

ແຍຍເລຌຆ ໆ (Serial Transmission) ບຍ-ຈຉຂໆຓຌຉຖຜ 1 ຍ ຖຉຄຝຓຖໆຝຍກຝຌໄຎ

ໃງຈຝຆຈ ຈຝຌຑຉເຈຌຉເທຝຌຌ

ຈຝຓຝຈຉໄຎໄໃຌໄຖຆຜທຝຉທ ໄກ

ຌຆຓໃງໃຌກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌຂໆຓຌຏຝຌທຝຉຈຝຆໂທຖຜ ຈຍ ເຓຝຈ ແຖຜ COM-Port.

ແຍຍຆໆຉ ໆ ເຌໆວຄ ແຍຍຂະຌາຌ ຈຉຂໆຓຌຉຖຜ 1 bit ຈຉຂໆຓຌໄງຝ

ຖຝຝ ກໃງໃຌກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌຖຜຘທຝຉໂທຖຜທ

ຈຉຂໆຓຌຉຖຜຘຖຝຆ bit ຂຜຘຌຝຌກຌໄຎ ເບ

ໃຘໄທກທຝແຍຍງ ຄໆເຌ ນຉ

ໃງໃຌກຝຌຈຉຂໆຓຌຖຜຘທຝຉ ນຓຑທເຄ

ນຎຜກນຌບຍ ເງຌ: ຘຌທຆທຝຓຊຝໆ

ກຝຌຈຉຂໆຓຌແຍຍ ຂຜຘຌຝຌ

ນຎຜກນຌຈຉ ເງຌ: CPU

Bit

ນຎຜກນຌບຍ

ຂໆຓຌແຍຍເຈຌງ

ຎຌຊຝກເຈຌງ ເຎຌຂຜຘຌຝຌ

ຎຌຊຝກເຈຌງ ເຎຌຂຜຘຌຝຌ

ນຎຜກນຌຈຉ ກຝຌຈຉຂໆຓຌແຍຍເຈຌງ

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Asynchronous 1. ຍໆຓ ຊຉຘທຜໃຌກຝຌຈຉຂໆຓຌ ແຄຓ ງນຉທຝຉໃຌກຝຌຈຉ (gap) ແຖຜ ຈຌຆຝຌ ຌນກຊເຖ ຓຄຌ

(start bit) ແຖຜ ຊຈຌຈຂນຉຂໆຓຌ (stop bit)

2. ເງຌ: ກຝຌຈຉຂໆຓຌຂນຉແຎຌຑຓ ແຖຜ ໂຓເຓ

3. ຓ ກຝຌໃຘຊຉຘທຜ ໂຆໃງຈຌຆຝຌໂຓຉເຎຌຄທຍນກຊຉຘທຜ 4. ຌຆຓໃງກຍກຝຌຈຉຂໆຓຌທ ຓ ກຝຌຈຉຂໆຓຌຎຜຖຓຝຌຘຖທຉຘຖຝຆທຆທຝຓໄທຈຉ

ຓ ບຍ

5.8 ຈາຄກາຌລໆລາຌຂ ຠຌ (Direction of data Flow) ທທຝຉຂນຉຈຌຆຝຌທ ເ ຌທຝຉຖຜຘທຝຉ ຈນຉນຎຜກນຌ ເຑ ນຄຄໆຈ ຈຝຌບຍ-ຈຉຂໆຓຌ

ແຍຍາຄຈຽ (Simplex Transmission) ຏຈຉ ຈຝຓຝຈຉຂໆຓຌໄຑຉທຝຉທເທຝຌຌ, ຏບຍຍໆຈຝຓຝຈຉຂໆຓຌຄນຍກຍຓຝໄ

ເງຌ: ກຝຌກຜຊຝຆຈຉທຝຉທທຜຆ ແຖຜ ກຝຌແຏຑຝຍທຝຉໂທຖຜທ.

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ແຍຍາຄໃຈາຄຌໆຄ (Half-duplex Transmission) ແຄຖຜຐຝຆຈຝຓຝ ບຍ-ຈຉຂໆຓຌໄ ແຄຊຜຍໆຈຝຓຝເບໄໃຌເທຖຝທກຌ ເງຌ: ກຝຌ

ໃງທທຜຆຈ ຈຝຌຂນຉຄໆຝຘຖທ ກຜຝຌຈຌທຜຌຝ (Wed board) E-Mail ເຎຌຄຌ.

ແຍຍລວຄາຄເຉຠວຈຉາ (Full-duplex Transmission) ຈຝຓຝບຍ-ຈຉຂໆຓຌໄນຓກຌທຉຈນຉທຝຉ ຄທດຝຉ: ກຝຌຖຓໂທຖຜຈຍ ກຝຌຈຌທຜຌຝ

ນນຌໄຖໃຌຘນຉຈຌທຜຌຝ (Chart Room) ເຎຌຄຌ.

5.9 ຎະເພຈຂວຄກາຌຨຍ-ລ ຄໆລຌງາຌຂ ຠຌ Asynchronous Transmission ເຑ ຓຍທຍຓ ເງຌ: ເຖ ຓຍ (Start Bit), ດຍ (Stop Bit) ແຖຜ ເທຝທຓຍ (Parity Bit)

ເຑ ນໃງແຍຉຂໆຓຌນນກເຎຌ 1 ຄທ ຖກຈຜຌຜ (1 Character) ທຝຓໄທໃຌກຝຌບຍ-ຈຉຂໆຓຌຊຜງຝ ເຌ ນຉຓຝຊຝກຄນຉຓ ກຝຌເຑ ຓທຉ 3 ຍຌຌຖຉໄຎຆຉຄທນກຜຖຜທກຄທ ຑຍກຝຌບຍ-ຈຉຂໆຓຌແຍຍຌ ໄໃຌນ

ຎຜກນຌທ ຓ ທຝຓໄທໃຌກຝຌບຍ-ຈຉຂໆຓຌຄໆຝ ເງຌ: Modem, Keyboard ເຎຌຄຌ.

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Synchronous Transmission ເຑ ຓໄຎທ ເຎຌຘທເຖ ນຉ (Header Trailer) ແຖຜ ເທຝທຓຍ (Parity Bit) ໄທທ ຈທຌຘທ ແຖຜ

ທຝຆຂນຉແຑເກ ຂໆຓຌ ເບໃຘຈຝຓຝບຍຈຉຂໆຓຌໄເຎຌຊໆຝຌທຌຘຖທຉຘຖຝຆ ເງຉກຝຌບຍຂໆຓຌຌຌ

ທຉຐຉບຍ-ຐຉຈຉ ຊຜຄນຉທໆຝຉຝຌໃຘຈນນຉ ໂຆໃງຈຌຆຝຌໂຓຉ (Clock) ທ ຓ ທຝຓ ເທຝກຌ ຘຝກໃງທຝຓ ຍໆເທຝກຌຊຜເບໃຘກຝຌຈຉຂໆຓຌທ ຏຑຝ ທທ ຌ ຊຜເຘຓຝຜກຍຖຜຍຍທ ຄນຉກຝຌຓ ກຝຌບຍ

-ຈຉຂໆຓຌຄຜຘຖນເທຖຝ.

5.10 ຉກາຄລໆລາຌຂ ຠຌ (Communication Media) ຆວໆຄາຄ ທ ໃງເຎຌທຝຉເ ຌຂໆຓຌ (Media/Channel)

ຉກາຄ ທ ໃງເຑ ນຈຉຂໆຓຌຓ 2 ງຜຌ :

­ ຓ ຈຝຆ

­ ຍໆຓ ຈຝຆ

ແຉຣໆະຆະຌຈ ຓ ທຝຓ ຄຝຉກຌ ເນ ຌທຝ: ແຍຌທທ (Bandwidth)

າຠຊໆ ຂນຉງນຉຈຌຆຝຌຊຜຎຌຄທກໆຝຌທຝຓຍຌຊຂໆຓຌ ທ ຈຉໄຎໃຌງທຉເທຖຝຘຌຉ ຓ

ຘຌທຆເຎຌ (Bits per second: bps)

ຊາຠ (band width) ຈຉກໆຊຜບຍຈຉຂໆຓຌໄຘຖຝຆຂຌ

­ ແຍຍໃງຈຝຆ (Cabling)

Coaxial cable

Twisted pair

Optical fiber cable

­ ແຍຍຍໆໃງຈຝຆ

Infrared

Radio wave

Terrestrial microwave

Satellite communication

ລາງໂເວເຆງ (Coaxial cable)

­ ຝຆ ກຍຈຝຆຈຌຆຝຌໂທຖຜທ

­ ຖຝຝແຑຉ

­ ຎນຉກຌ ຌຖຍກທຌໄ , ທຝຓໄທຄໆຝ

­ UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair)

­ STP (Shielded Twisted Pair)

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ລາງຉໆກຽ (Twisted pair) ­ ຝຆ ຈຝຆໄຒຒຝ ເຘຓຝຜກຍໄຖຆຜຈຌ

­ ແຍຍຓ ຂຜຌທຌຘຓ

­ ແຖຜຍໆຓ ຊຜຌທຌຘຓ

ລາງໄຟໄຍໂວວວຍຉກ Optical fiber cable ­ ໃງແຈຉໃຌກຝຌຌໆຝຂໆຓຌຏຝຌທໆຌໆຝແຈຉ

­ ຈຉຂໆຓຌໄໄທ

­ ຖຝຝແຑຉ

­ ຈຌຆຝຌຖຍກທຌຄໆຝຈ

ວຌຟຢາເຢຈ (Infrared) ­ ໃງໃຌກຝຌຈຉຂໆຓຌໄຆຖຜໄກ ເງຌ: Remote Control ທທຜຆ/ເທຍ/TV

­ ທຝຓ ຈຌ ງນຉທຝຉກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌຌນຆ

­ ທຝຓໄທຎຜຓຝຌ4-16 Mbps

­ ທຜຖຏຝຌທຍໆໄ ຄນຉທຝຉເຈຌງ ຍໆເກ ຌ 1-2 ແຓ

ຌະງ (Frequency) ­ ຓ ຘຖຝຆງຜຌ ເງຌ: Bluetooth, VHF, UHF

­ ທຝຓ ແຄກຄຝຉກຌໄຎ ໃງໃຌກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌໄຖຆຜໄກ

­ ທຝຓໄທຄໆຝຎຜຓຝຌ 2 Mbps

­ ຍໆຊໆຝເຎຌຄນຉດແຌທທຝຉທກຍຊຈຉຏຝຌທຂທຝຉກຌໄທ

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ຌໄຠໂກຢເຍ (Frequency of Microwave) ­ ເຎຌ ຌທທຜຆງຜຌຘຌຉ ທ ຓ ທຝຓ ຈຉຖຜຍ GHz

­ ເຎຌ ຌຈຌຄຉໃຌຖຜຍຈຝຆຄຝ

­ ຄນຉຓ ຊຝຌບຍຈຉຄຝຓຆນຄກ/ເຂຝເຑ ນຈຉຈຌຆຝຌຄໆ

­ ທຝຓໄທຈຉ ຄຄຉຉຝຆ ຎຜຘດ

­ ຈຜຑຝຍຑຝທຜນຝກຝຓ ຏຌຄໆຈຌຆຝຌ

ຈາຽຠ (Satellite) ­ ຈຜຝຌຌ ໄຓໂກຕເທຍຖນຆຒຝ ທ ບຍຈຌຆຝຌຊຝກໂຖກ

­ ຝທທຓ 3 ທຉກໆທຍຓໂຖກໄຘຓ

­ ຝນຎຜກນຌຄຄຉຍໆຖກຝຌແຑຉ

­ ທຝຓໄທໃຌກຝຌຈຉຂໆຓຌນຌຂຝຉງຝ (166-400 Kbps)

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າຠຠາງຂວຄເວຂາໆງວຠພເຉ

5.11 ວຎະກວຌລ າຣຍກາຌລໆລາຌ 1. ເ ນຉເທຌຓ ຌນຌ (Terminal)

2. ໂຓເຓ (Modem)

3. ເ ນຉທທຌຈຌຆຝຌ (Repeater)

4. ເ ນຉຂຜຘຆຝຆຈຌຆຝຌ (Amplifier)

ໂຓເຓ: Modem (Modulator/Demodulator)

Modulator ຄທແຎຉຈຌຆຝຌ ຊຄນຌ ເຎຌເນຌຝຖນກ

Demodulator ຄທແຎຉຈຌຆຝຌເນຌຝຖນກ ຓຝເຎຌ ຊຄນຌ

ນຎຜກນຌທ ໃງເຑ ນຄຄໆຈ ຈຝຌຖຜຘທຝຉ ນຓຑທເຄ ຏຝຌຈຝຆໂທຖຜຈຍ

ຓ ຈນຉແຍຍ ແຍຍພາງຌວກ ແຖຜ ແຍຍພາງໃຌ

VI. າຠຠາງຂວຄເວຂາໆງວຠພເຉ ກຝຌຌໆຝເນຝນຓຑທເຄ ຘຖຝຆ ເ ນຉຓຝຄໆເງ ນຓໂຆຉໃຘຓ ກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌຂໆຓຌຖຜຘທຝຉກຌໄ

ກຝຌແຍຉໃງຉຝຌນຎຜກນຌ ແຖຜ ຂໆຓຌຄຝຉ

ກຝຌໂນຌຆຝຆຂໆຓຌ ກຝຌຌຝໆຂໆຓຌຓຝແຍຉກຌໃງຉຝຌ

ແຍຉກຌໃງງຍຑຜຆຝກນຌ ເງຌ: CPU, HDD, Software ແຖຜ ນຎຜກນຌນ ຌ ທ ຖຝຝແຑຉ ຘຖ ຍໆຈຝຓຝຊຘຝໃຘທກຌໄ

VII. ເຎາຠາງຂວຄເວຂາໆງວຠພເຉ ກຝຌໃງງຍຑຜຆຝກນຌ Hardware and Software ບທຓກຌ. ເຌ ນຉຊຝກຖຝຝຂນຌຂຝຉຈຉ ຊຉ

ຌໆຝຓຝໃງບທຓກຌເຎຌຈທຌກຝຉ. ໃງຂໆຓຌບທຓກຌໄ ຈໆຝຖຍທກຌທ ດໃຌຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆ. ໂຆຍໆຄນຉຈຌໃຊທຝຂໆຓຌເຘຖຝຌ ຊຜ

ເກຍດທ ໃ ກຝຌຄຄໆຖຜຘທຝຉ ຏໃງແຄຖຜຌຓ ທຝຓຈຜທກຂຌ, ຘຝກຏໃງດຘຝຉກຌຘຖຝຆ ຖຜຍຍເ ນ

ຂຝຆຊຜເຎຌຄທກຝຉໃຘຈ ໄ

VIII. ຎະໂງຈຂວຄກາຌໃຆ ຣະຍຍເວຂາໆງ ກາຌໃຆ ຄາຌພວຠກຌ

ຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆ ຊຜນຜຌຆຝໃຘຏໃງຘຖຝຆ ຌໃຌໂຎຕແກຕຓ ແຖຜ ຂໆຓຌຄຝຉ ໄໃຌເທ ຖຝທກຌ.

ກາຌໃຆ ວຎະກວຌຉາໆຄ ຨໆຠກຌ ຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆ ຊຜນຜຌຆຝໃຘຏໃງຘຖຝຆ ຌ ໃງນຎຜກນຌຄຝຉ ໃຌເ ນຆຂຝຆບທຓ

ກຌໄ ເງຌ: ເ ນຉຑຓ ເ ນຉຈຜແກຌເຌ ປຖປ ເຎຌຄຌ.

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ກາຌລໆ ລາຌລໆຌຍກຌ ຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆ ຈຝຓຝເບໃຘຏໃງຄຄໆຈ ຈຝຌກຌໄຉຝຆຂຌ.

ກາຌລ າຨວຄຂ ຠຌໆຄາໆງຂ ຌ ຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆ ຈຝຓຝເບໃຘຏໃງ ແຖຜ ຏແຖຖຜຍຍຈໆຝບນຉຂໆຓຌທ ຈໆຝຌໄຉຝຆ.

IX. ຎະເພຈຂວຄຣະຍຍເວຂາໆງ 1. ຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆຈຜເຑຝຜຑ ຌທ (LAN) Local Area Network

2. ຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆຖຜຘທຝຉເຓ ນຉ (MAN) Metropolitan Area Network

3. ຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆຖຜຘທຝຉແຂທຉ/ຎຜເທ (WAN) Wide Area Network

4. ຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆຖຜຍຈຝກຌ (IN) Internetwork

5. ຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆຍໆໃງຈຝຆ (WN) Wireless Network

6. ຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆຍໆໃງຈຝຆແຍຍ (WIFI) Wireless Fidelity

7. ຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆແຍຍ (WIMAX) Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

1. ຣະຍຍເວຂາໆງລະເພາະພຌໆ (LAN) Local Area Network

2. ຣະຍຍເວຂາໆງຣະາໆຄເຠວຄ (MAN) Metropolitan Area Network

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3. ຣະຍຍເວຂາໆງຣະາໆຄແຂຄ/ຎະເຈ (WAN) Wide Area Network

4. ຣະຍຍເວຂາໆງຣະຈຍລາກຌ (IN) Internetwork

5. ຣະຍຍເວຂາໆງຍ ໆ ໃຆ ລາງ (WN) Wireless Network

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6. ຣະຍຍເວຂາໆງຍ ໆ ໃຆ ລາງແຍຍ (WIFI) Wireless Fidelity ກຍ IEEE

Wi-Fi : ເທກໂຌໂຖງ ຂນຉ Wireless LAN ຘຖ ຖຜຍຍ Network ຂນຉ LAN ແຍຍຍໆໃງຈຝຆຑຝຆໃຄຓຝຄຜຝຌ IEEE 802.11, IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer).

Hotspot ເຎຌກຝຌໃຘຍໆຖກຝຌ Internet ຈຝທຝຖຜຌຜທ ຍໆໃງຈຝຆຓ ທຝຓໄທຈຉທຆເທກໂຌໂຖງ ຂນຉ Wireless Lan ຘຖ Wi-Fi ເງຉໃຌຎຊຍຌກໆຓ ໃຘຍໆຖກຝຌກຌດຝຉຘຖທຉຘຖຝຆຂຌຄຝຓແຘຖຉງຓງຌຄຝຉ ເງຌ: ຈຜຘຌຝຓຍຌ ບຝຌນຝຘຝຌ ໂບຉແບຓ ໂບຉຑຜຆຝຍຝຌ ຘຖ ທຜຌຝຝຌ ແຖຜ

ນ ຌ .

ຏໃງຍຖໆກຝຌ Internet ຍໆໃງຈຝຆ Hotspot ຈຝຓຝໃງກຍ Computer Notebook ໄ ເງຌ:

Net book, Notebook, PDA…

7. ຣະຍຍເວຂາໆງແຍຍ (WIMAX) Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

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ຉມາໆຄ: ຣະຍຍເກໂຌໂຣຆ WIMAX າຄາຌ

7.1 າຠຠາງຂວຄ WIMAX ­ WIMAX ແຓຌກຝຌຄຄໆຈ ຈຝຌແຍຍຍໆໃງຈຝຆ ທຆທຝຓໄທຈຉ

­ ເງຉຓ ໄຖຆຜຖຈຜຘຓ ທຝຉກຝຌທ 31 ໄຓ ຘຖ ຎຜຓຝຌ 48 Km

­ ຓ ນຄຝທຝຓໄທໃຌກຝຌບຍ-ຈຉຂໆຓຌ ຍໆທຝຊຜເຎຌ Multimedia ທ ຓ ທຉຑຝຍ ແຖຜ ຈຉ ຘຖ ຊຜເຎຌຂໆຓຌຖທຌກໆຄຝຓໄຈຉຈເຉ 75 Mbps

­ ງທຆໃຘຏໃງຉຝຌ (Application) ດທ ຍຝຌ ຘຖ ທ ທໆຝຉຝຌ ແຖຜ ຖຜຘທຝຉກຝຌເ ຌທຝຉ ໃຘຈຝ

ຓຝເຂຝເຉຍໆຖກຝຌຄຝຉ

ໄແຠກ WIMAX ແຓຌກຝຌຄຄໆຈ ຈຝຌແຍຍຍໆໃງຈຝຆ ທຆທຝຓໄທຈຉຌ ກຑທຜຌຝຂຌ ຍຌ

ຓຝຄຜຝຌກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌ IEE802.16 ເງຉຄໆຓຝໄຑທຜຌຝດຍຌຓຝຄຜຝຌ IEE802.16a. ໂຆໄຓ ກຝຌນຜຌຓນນກຓຝ ໃຌຎ 2004 ໂຆທຈຜທຜກໆຝໄຒຒຝ ແຖຜ ນ ເຖກໂຄຕຌກ ຘຖ IEEE (Institute of

Electrical and Electronics Engineers) ເງຉຓ ໄຖຆຜຖຈຜຘຓ ທຝຉກຝຌທ 31 ໄຓ ຘຖ ຎຜຓຝຌ 48 Km

ຌຌກໆຘຓຝຆທຝຓທຝ (WIMAX) ຊຜຈຝຓຝທໆຝຉຝຌໄທຍຓຑ ຌທ ກທຝຉກທຝຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆໂທຖຜ

ຈຍເ ນຌທ ໃຌຖຜຍຍ 3G (Generation) ຘຖຝຆກທຝ 10 ເທຝ ຑນຓຆຉຓ ນຄຝທຝຓໄທໃຌກຝຌບຍ-ຈຉຂໆຓຌ ຍໆທຝຊຜເຎຌ Multimedia ທ ຓ ທຉຑຝຍ ແຖຜ ຈຉ ຘຖ ຊຜເຎຌຂໆຓຌຖທຌ ກໆຄຝຓໄຈຉຈເຉ 75

Mbps

ເງຉກໆໄທກທຝຖຜຍຍໂທຖຜຈຍເ ນຌທ ແຍຍ 3G ຘຖຝຆກທຝເຉ 30 ເທຝ ໂຆຓຝຄຜຝຌ

IEEE 802.16 a ຘຖ WIMAX ຓ ທຝຓຈຝຓຝໃຌກຝຌຈຉກຜຊຝຆຈຌຆຝ ໃຌຖກຈຜຌຜຊຝກຊທໄຎຘຆຉຘຖຝຆຊ (Point-to-multipoint) ໄຑນຓ ກຌ ໂຆຓ ທຝຓຈຝຓຝບນຉບຍກຝຌທໆຝຉຝຌໃຌແຍຍ Non-Line-of-sight ໄ ຈຝຓຝທໆຝຉຝຌໄເຉທຝຊຜຓ ຈຉກ ຂທຝຉ ເງຌ: ຄຌໄຓ ນຝຝຌ ໄເຎຌດຝຉ ຈຉຏຌໃຘ WIMAX ຈຝຓຝງທຆໃຘຏທ ໃງຉຝຌ ຈຝຓຝຂຜຘຆຝຆເ ນຂຝຆເງ ນຓຄໆ Internet ໄດຝຉກທຝຉຂທຝຉ ທຆຖຈຜຘຓ ທໆຝຉຝຌເຉ 31 ໄຓ ຘຖ ຎຜຓຝຌ 48 Km ແຖຜ ຓ ນຄຝທຝຓໄທ ໃຌກຝຌບຍ-ຈຉຂໆຓຌຈຉຈເຉ 75 Mbps ຓຝຄຜຝຌ IEEE 802.16a ຌ ໃງຉຝຌດຍຌ ຌ Microwave ທ ຓ ທຝຓ ໄຖຆຜຘຝຉ 2-11 GHz ແຖຜ ຆຉຈຝຓຝໃງຉຝຌບທຓກຍນຎຜກນຌຓຝຄຜຝຌງຜຌນ ຌ ທ ນນກຓຝກນຌຘຌຝຌ ໄເຎຌດຝຉ .

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ຉມາໆຄ Network Diagram

ວຎະກວຌໃຌກາຌຨຍ-ລ ໆຄລຌງາຌ

X. ຨຍແຍຍກາຌເຆ ໆວຠຉ ໆຣະຍຍເວຂາໆງ ຠາງເຊຄຨຍຨາໆຄເວຂາໆງ (Network Topology) ເງຉຓ ຖກຈຜຌຜກຝຌເງ ນຓໂຆຉຈຝຆຈ ຈຝຌເຂຝ

ກຌກຍນຎຜກນຌ Electronic ຄຝຉ ຑຝຆໃຌເ ນຂຝຆທຆກຌ. (Network Topology) ແຄຖຜແຍຍຓ ທຝຓເຘຓຝຜຈຓໃຌກຝຌໃງຉຝຌແຄກຄຝຉກຌ.

1. ເວຂາໆງແຍຍຍຈໂຎໂຣມ (Bus Topology)

ນຎຜກນຌໃຌທກງ ຌໃຌເ ນຂຝຆຊຜເງ ນຓຄໆກຍຈຝຆຘຖກກທຝ Bus,

ຂໆຓຌຏຈຉຊຜເຂຝຈຈຝຆຍໃຌບຍແຍຍຂນຉແຒກ ທ ຎຜກນຍທຆຄໆຝແຘຌຉຂນຉຏຈຉ ແຖຜ ຏບຍ

ກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌຑຝຆໃຌ Bus ຊຜຈຉໄຎຆຉຎຝຆທຝຉທຉ 2 ຝຌຂນຉ Bus ທ ຎຝຆທຝຉຊຜຓ Terminator ຌຈຌຆຝຌຍໆໃຘຈຜທນຌກຍເຂຝຓຝຆຉ Bus,

ໂຘຓທ ເງ ນຄໆ Bus ຊຜເຍຉຄໆຝແຘຌຉຏບຍທ ຓຝກຍແຐຉທຝ ກຄນຉກຍຍໆ? ຝ ກຄນຉກໆບຍເຂຝຓຝຈໂຘຓ ຝຍໆ ກຄນຉກໆຊຜຎນຆຏຝຌໄຎ.

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ຂ ຈຂວຄ Bus Topology ໃງຈຝຆຈຉຂໆຓຌຘຌນຆ ບຍແຍຍກຝຌຄຄຉຉຝຆ ຘຖຝໃງຊຝຆກຝຌຄຄຉ,

ຈຝຓຝເຑ ຓນຎຜກນຌຂຌໃຘຓເຂຝໄຎໃຌເ ນຂຝຆໄຉຝຆ.

ຂ ເລງຂວຄ Bus Topology ຝຈຝຆຈຉຂໆຓຌຘຖກເຈຆຘຝຆ ຊຜເບໃຘທຉຖຜຍຍທໆຝຉຝຌຍໆໄ, ກທຈນຍ ຂໆຏຑຝໄຆຝກ ຄນຉເບຘຖຝຆ ຊ ເຑຝຜກຝຌໄຘຖຂນຉຂໆຓຌໃຌ 2 ທ

ທຝຉ ແຖຜ ໂຘຓທ ຄໆໄຎ ຊຝກຊທ ເກ ທຝຓເຈຆຘຝຆຊຌຎຝຆຂນຉ Bus ຊຜທໆຝຉຝຌຍໆໄ

2. ໂໂຎໂຣມແຍຍຄແຌ (Ring Topology)

ກຝຌເງ ນຓຄໆນຎຜກນຌຄຝຉ ເຎຌທຉກຓ ຘຖ ທຉແຘທຌ ຂໆຓຌ ກຊຈຉຊຝກໂຘຓ (ຊ)

ຘຌຉໄຎນ ກໂຘຓຘຌຉ ທຌດໃຌເ ນຂຝຆໃຌທທຝຉທ,

ແຄຖຜໂຘຓ ຊຜຓ Repeater ໂຘຓຘຌຉຄທ ເບຘຌຝທ ເຑ ຓເຄ ຓ ຂຝທຈຝຌທ ຊຜເຎຌຄໆກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌໃຌຈທຌຘທຂນຉແຒກຂຓຌ,

ໂຘຓໃຌທຉແຘທຌຊຜກທຈນຍທຝເຎຌແຒກຂໆຓຌທ ຈຉຓຝໃຘໂຘຓຄຌ ຘຖ ຍໆ, ຝຈຉໃຘກໆຊຜຄນຉຎນຆຂໆຓຌຌຌ ໄຎຆຉ Repeater (ໂຄທທຉຈຌຆຝຌ) ຂນຉໂຘຓໄຎ

ຂ ຈເວຂາໆງ (Ring Topology) ຈຝຓຝຈຉໄຎຆຉຏບຍຘຖຝຆໂຘຓຑນຓກຌ ໂຆກໆຝຌຄໆຝແຘຌຉຎຝຆທຝຉຖຉຈທຌ

ຘທຂນຉແຒກຂໆຓຌ Repeat ຂນຉແຄຖຜໂຘຓ.

ກຝຌຈຉຂໆຓຌໃຌທທຝຉທກຌຊຉຍໆຓ ກຝຌງຌກຌຂນຉຈຌຆຝຌ.

ຂ ເລງຂວຄເວຂາໆງ (Ring Topology) ຝໂຘຓຘຌຉເກ ຘຝຆ ຂໆຓຌຊຜຍໆຈຝຓຝຈຉຏຝຌໄຎຆຉໂຘຓຄໆໄຎໄ ແຖຜ ທໆຝໃຘທຉ

ເ ນຂຝຆຂຝກຝຌຄຄໆຈ ຈຝຌ

ເຓ ນໂຘຓຘຌຉຈຉຂໆຓຌ ໂຘຓນ ຌຊຜຓ ຈທຌບທຓເບໃຘເຈຆເທຖຝ.

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ບຍ Ring Topology Network

3. ເວຂາໆງແຍຍຈາໂໂຎໂຣມ (Star Topology)

ຖກຈຜຌຜຝຆ ບຍຝທ ຘຖຝຆແຊແຊກ ໂຆຓຈຜຝຌ ກຝຉ ຘຖ ເຎຌຊບຍຏຝຌກຝຌຄຄໆຖຜ

ຘທຝຉທກໂຘຓໃຌເ ນຂຝຆ.

ຈຜຝຌ ກຝຉ ເບຘຌຝທ ເຎຌຈຌທຍຓເຈຌທຝຉກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌ ທ ນຆຊຈຉຂໆຓຌໃຘກຍໂຘຓ

ຎຝຆທຝຉນ ກທຆ.

ກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌ File ຊຜເຎຌແຍຍ 2 ທທຝຉ ໂຆນຜຌຆຝໃຘຓ ຑຉໂຘຓທເທຝຌຌ ທ ຈຝຓຝຈຉຂໆຓຌເຂຝຈເ ນຂຝຆໄ ຊຉຍໆຓ ໂນກຝທ ຘຖຝຆໂຘຓ ຊຜຈຉຂໆຓຌເຂຝຈເ ນຂຝຆໃຌເທຖຝທກຌ.

ຂ ຈຂວຄ Star Topology ກຝຌຄຄຉເ ນຂຝຆ ແຖຜ ກຝຌແຖບກຈຝເບໄຉຝຆ

ຘຝກໂຘຓໃເກ ທຝຓເຈຆຘຝຆ ກໆທຌກທຍຈນຍໄຉຝຆ ແຖຜ ເຑຝຜຈຉຂໆຓຌ 1 ເຈຌຄໆນຎຜ ກນຌທຝຓເຈຆຘຝຆຊຉຍໆກຜທຍຄໆກຝຌທໆຝຉຝຌຂນຉຊນ ຌ ໃຌຖຜຍຍ

ໃຘຍໆຖກຝຌຉຝຆເຑຝຜຓ ຈຌກຝຉເບຘຌຝທ ທຍຓ

ຂ ເລງ Star Topology ຝຈຜຝຌ ກຝຉ ເກ ທຝຓເຈຆຘຝຆຂຌຓຝ ຊຜເບໃຘທຉຖຜຍຍທໆຝຉຝຌຍໆໄ, ຄນຉໃງຈຝຆຈຉຂໆຓຌຊໆຝຌທຌຘຖທຉຘຖຝຆກທຝແຍຍ Bus ແຖຜ ແຍຍ Ring.

ຄທດຝຉ: Star Topology Network

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4. ເວຂາໆງແຍຍຎະລຠໂໂຎໂຣມ Mesh Topology ຂໆ ແຖຜ ຂໆເຈຆ ຂນຉເ ນຂຝຆແຍຍ Mesh Topology

ຂ ຈ Mesh Topology ໃຌກນຌ Cable ຍຝຉຈຝຆຄໆຏຑຝ ແຄເ ນຂຝຆທຉຘຓຆຉຈຝຓຝໃງໄ ເບໃຘຖຜ

ຍຍຓ ຈຜຌຖຜຑຝຍ ແຖຜ ເ ນຂຝຆທ ຓ ທຝຓຈໆຝຌ

ຂ ເລງ Mesh Topology ຈຌເຎ ນຉຝໃງຊຝຆ ແຖຜ Cable ຘຖຝຆກທຝກຝຌຄໆແຍຍນ ຌ

ຆຝກຄໆກຝຌຄຄຉ

ຄທດຝຉ: ເ ນຂຝຆແຍຍ Mesh Topology

5. ເວຂາໆງແຍຍຎະລຠ Tree Topology

ກຝຌເງ ນຓເ ນຂຝຆແຍຍຎຜຈຓ Tree Topology

ກຝຌເງ ນຓຄໆແຍຍຎຜຈຓ ແຓຌເຎຌເ ນຂຝຆທ ຍໆຓ ບຍແຍຍທ ແຌຌນຌ, ເ ນຂຝຆແຍຍຎຜຈຓຌ ຊຜໃງກຝຌຎຜຈຓບຍແຍຍກຝຌເງ ນຓຄໆຘຖຝຆແຍຍເຂຝທຆກຌ ເງຌ: ໃງເ ນຂຝຆແຍຍ Bus

ຎຜຈຓກຍເ ນຂຝຆແຍຍ Star ເຎຌຄຌ.

ຂ ຈ ໃຌແຄຖຜຈທຌຆນຆ ຊຜຄໆເນຉກຌແຍຍ Star ເບໄບຍຂໆ ຂນຉກຝຌຄໆແຍຍ Star ຓຝທຆ

ຂ ເລງ ໄຖຆຜທຝຉໃຌແຄຖຜຈທຌຆນຆ ຊຜ ກຊໆຝກ ໂຆຈຜຘຌຂນຉຈຝຆ

ຝເຈຆຘຖກ ຘຖ Hub ຄທກຝຉຘຖກເຈຆ ຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆທຉຘຓຊຜຍໆຈຝຓຝໃງກຝຌໄ

ຆຝກຄໆກຝຌຄຄຉ ແຖຜ ເ ຌຈຝຆ

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ຨຍແຍຍກາຌເຆ ໆວຠຉ ໆ ຣະຍຍເວຂາໆງ

6. ເວຂາໆງແຍຍ Hybrids

7. ເວຂາໆງແຍຍ (Hierarchical Topology)

Hub/ Repeater ເຎຌນຎຜກນຌທ ເບຘຌຝທ ຂຜຘຆຝຆຈຌຆຝຌທ ໄບຍຓຝ ແຖທຈຉຄໆໃຘນຎຜກນຌນ ຌທ ຄໆ

ເຂຝກຍຓຌ ຊຎຜຈຉໃຌກຝຌຄຄຉ Hub ກໆເຑ ນຂຜຘຆຝຆຈຌຆຝຌໃຘກຍນຎຜກນຌຄຝຉ ເຑ ຓໄຘຖຝຆຂຌ

Hub ໃງຈໆຝຖຍເງ ນຓຄໆນຓຑທເຄ ເຂຝກຍເ ນຂຝຆ ຊຜຓ Port ໃງເງ ນຓຄໆຖຜຘທຝຉ Hub

ກຍເ ນຉນຓຑທເຄ ຘຖ ນຎຜກນຌເ ນຂຝຆຄທນ ຌ Hub ຊຜທທຌຈຌຆຝຌ ແຖຜ ຈຉຄໆຂໆຓຌຌຌນນກໄຎທ ເ ນຉນຓຑທເຄ ທກເ ນຉທ ເງ ນຓຄໆດກຍ Hub.

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ຨຍແຍຍກາຌເຆ ໆວຠຉ ໆ ຣະຍຍເວຂາໆງ

Bridge Bridge ແຓຌທໆຝຉຝຌໃຌ Layer ທ 2 ຂນຉ OSI Model (Open Systems Interconnection

Model) ໃງເງ ນຓຄໆ Segment ຂນຉເ ນຂຝຆ 2 Segment ຘຖ ຘຖຝຆກທຝເຂຝທຆກຌ ໂຆຊຜຄນຉເຎຌເ ນ ຂຝຆທ ໃງ (Data Link Protocol ຄທທກຌ ແຖຜ Network Protocol ແຍຍ Bus ແຖຜ ໃງ Protocol

Ethernet) 2 Segment ເຂຝທຆກຌ

Bridge ຈຝຓຝບນຉບຍຂໆຓຌທ ຊຜຈຉຄໆໄ ໂຆກທຈນຍທຝຂໆຓຌທ ຈຉຌຌຓ ຎຝຆທຝຉດທ ໃ

ເບໃຘຈຝຓຝຊກຝຌກຍທຝຓຘຌຝແຘຌຌຂນຉຂໆຓຌໄຓ ຎຜຈທຑຝຍຘຖຝຆຂຌ.

Switch or Bridge ເຎຌນຎຜກນຌຈໆຝຖຍເງ ນຓຄໆ LAN ຈນຉເ ນຂຝຆເຂຝທຆກຌ ໂຆຊຜຄນຉເຎຌ LAN ຎຜ

ເຑທກຌ ແຖຜ ໃງ Protocol ໃຌກຝຌບຍຈຉຂໆຓຌເຘຓ ນຌກຌ ເງຌ: ກຝຌເງ ນຓຄໆ Ethernet LAN ຈນຉເ ນຂຝຆເຂຝທຆກຌ

Router ເຎຌນຎຜກນຌທ ເງ ນຓຄໆ LAN ຘຖຝຆເ ນຂຝຆເຂຝທຌກຌ ຝຆ ກຍ Switch Router ຈຝຓຝເງ ນຓຄໆ LAN ທ ໃງ Protocol ໃຌກຝຌບຍ-ຈຉຂໆຓຌເຘຓ ນຌກຌ ແຄໃງ Media ຘຖ ຈຝຆຈຉຄຝຉ ງຜຌກຌໄ

Router : ນຎຜກນຌເ ນຂຝຆນຓຑທເຄ ທ ເບຘຌຝທ ໃຌກຝຌເງ ນຓໂຆຉເ ນຂຝຆນຓຑທ

ເຄ ຎຜເຑ LANs-WANS ຘຖ WANs-MAN ຘຌຝທ ໃຌກຝຌທໆຝຉຝຌຂນຉນຎຜກນຌ Router : ກຝຌຑຊຝ

ຖຜຌຝເຖ ນກເຈຌທຝຉໃຌກຝຌຈຉຏຝຌຂໆຓຌ ໄຎຆຉເ ນຂຝຆນຓຑທເຄ ນ ຌ (Internetworking

Device).

ກຝຌຈຉຏຝຌຂໆຓຌຂນຉ Router ຊຜໃງ Protocol ຂນຉ IP ໂຆທໆຝຉຝຌດໃຌຖຜຍງຌທ 3 ຂນຉແຍຍຊໆຝຖນຉ OSI Model

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ຨຍແຍຍກາຌເຆ ໆວຠຉ ໆ ຣະຍຍເວຂາໆງ

Gateway Gateway ເຎຌນຎຜກນຌທ ຓ ທຝຓຈຝຓຝຈຉທ ຈ ໃຌກຝຌເງ ນຓຄໆເ ນຂຝຆຄຝຉ ເຂຝ

ທຆກຌ ໂຆຈຝຓຝເງ ນຓຄໆ LAN ຘຖຝຆ ເ ນຂຝຆທ ໃງ Protocol ຄຝຉກຌເຂຝທຆກຌໄ ແຖຜ ຈຝຆຈຉຈຌຆຝຌຄຝຉງຜຌໄດຝຉຍໆຓ ຂ ຊໆຝກ ເງຌ: ກຝຌເງ ນຓຄໆ Ethernet LAN ທ ໃງຈຝຆຈຉແຍຍ UTP=

Unshielded Twisted-Pair ເຂຝກຍ Token Ring LAN ໄເຎຌຄຌ

Modem= Modulation Demodulation ເຎຌນຎຜກນຌທ ເບຘຌຝທ ແຎຉຈຌຆຝຌ Digital ຊຝກເ ນຉນຓຑທເຄ ໃຘເຎຌຈຌຆຝຌ

Analog ເນ ຌຂຌຄນຌຌ ທຝ: Modulation ແຖຜ ເບຘຌຝທ ແຎຉຈຌຆຝຌ Analog ໃຘເຎຌຈຌຆຝຌ Digital

ເຑ ນນຓຑທເຄ ຊຜໄຌໆຝໄຎຎຜຓທຌຏຌ ຂຌຄນຌຌ ເນ ຌທຝ: Demodulation ໂຆຎກກຜຄຈຌຆຝຌໂທ

ຖຜຈຍ ກນນກແຍຍຓຝ ເຑ ນຈຉຈຌຆຝຌ Analog ແຄເຌ ນຉຊຝກກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌຂນຉນຓຑທເຄ ໃງຈຌຆຝຌ

Digital ຊຉຊໆຝເຎຌຄນຉໃງ Modem ໃຌກຝຌຎຌແຎຉຈຌຆຝຌທຝຓໄທ ໃຌກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌຂໆຓຌຂນຉ

Modem ເຎຌຍຄໆທຌຝທ (Bit per Second: Bps).

ຣະຍຍໄຠໂກຢເຍ Microwave

ໃງທທ ຈຉຈຌຆຝຌທ ຓ ທຝຓຈຉທ ຈກທຝ ຌທທຜຆ ຊຝກຈຜຝຌຌ ຘຌຉໄຎຆຉນ ກຈຜຝ

ຌ ຘຌຉ

ນຝຊຜເນ ຌຈຌຆຝຌຂນຉໄຓໂກບເທຍທຝຈຌຆຝຌແຍຍເຈຌຈຝຆຄຝ (Line of sight)

ຈຌຆຝຌຂນຉໄຓໂກຕເທຍ ຊຜເ ຌທຝຉເຎຌເຈຌກຉ ຘຖ ເຈຌງ ກຝຌຄຉຈຜຝຌ ທທຌຈຌຆຝຌຌຌຈທຌໃຘຆຊຜຌຆຓຄຉໃຌຑ ຌທ ຈຉ

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ຨຍແຍຍກາຌເຆ ໆວຠຉ ໆ ຣະຍຍເວຂາໆງ

ຈາຽຠ Satellite ຖຜຍຍຝທທຓ Satellite ໃງທທ ຈຉຈຌຆຝຌ ທ ຓ ທຝຓຈຉກທຝ ຌທທຜຆຘຖຝຆ ເທຝ

ຊຝກນຜທຜກຝ ຘຝຈຜຝຌ ຑ ຌທ ຘຌຉໄຎນ ກຈຜຝຌ ຑ ຌທ ຘຌຉ

ຂ ຈຂວຄຣະຍຍຈາຽຠ:

ໃງເທຖຝໃຌກຝຌຄຄຉຘຌນຆ

ຈຝຓຝຄຄໆ ໄກຍທກຄໆຝແຘຌຉທ ດໃຌຑ ຌທ ໃຘຍໆຖກຝຌຂນຉຝທທຓ

ຍໆຓ ຈຌຆຝຌຖຍກທຌ (Noise) ເຌ ນຉຊຝກເຎຌກຝຌຈຉທ ທຝຓ ຈຉຈ

ຝໃງຊຝຆໃຌກຝຌຄຄຉຄໆຊຉທ

ຂ ເລງຂວຄຣະຍຍຈາຽຠ

ທຝຓຎນໄຑຂນຉຂໆຓຌຄໆຝ

ຈຌຆຝຌທ ບຍ-ຈຉ ຓ ກຝຌເຏ ຆແຏໃຘຘຖຝງຝ (Propagation Delay)

ຖຝຝຖຉທຌເຖ ຓຄຌນຌຝຉຈຉ

ທຝຓຎຌແຎຉຂນຉນຝກຝຓ ຏຌເບໃຘຈຌຆຝຌຏຉຊຝກຎກກຜຄໄ.

ກາຌຎຽຍຽຍກາຌ າຄາຌຂວຄຈາຽຠ-ໄຠໂກຢເຍ Microwave Satellite

ຈຝຓຝໃງໄກຍຈຜຝຌ ທ ຈຝຓຝເຍຉເຘຌກຌ ເທຝຌຌ

ທໆຝຉຝຌແຍຍນຝໃຈຈຜຝຌ ຄຝຉ ເຎຌຄທກຝຉຈຉຏຝຌໄຎຆຉຎຝຆທຝຉ

ຄນຉຄຄຉຈຜຝຌ ທຉຘຓຄຜຘຖນເຈຌທຝຉກນຌ ຊຉຈຝຓຝໃງຉຝຌໄ

ຖຜຍຍຊຜ ກຖຍກທຌຊຝກຈຜຑຝຍນຝກຝຎຌ ແຎຉ ຘຖ ຍໆ

ຈຝຓຝໃງໄກຍທກຈຜຝຌ ທ ຈຝຓຝເຍຉ ເຘຌຝທທຓໄ

ຘຝກຓ ຈຜຝຌ ໃເຈຆຘຝຆ ກໆຊຜໃງຍໆໄເຑຝຜຈຜຝຌ ຌຌ ເທຝຌຌ

ກຝຌຄຄຉຊຝຌຝທທຓຈຝຓຝເບໄຉຝຆ ແຖຜ ທນຉໄທ

ຖຜຍຍ ຊຜ ກຖຍກທຌຊຝກຈຜຑຝຍນຝກຝຎຌແຎຉ ຘຖ ຍໆ

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ຨຍແຍຍກາຌເຆ ໆວຠຉ ໆ ຣະຍຍເວຂາໆງ

ຉມາໆຄ: ຣະຍຍເວຂາໆງວຄກາຌ ແຣະ ກາຌເຆ ໆວຠໂງຄຣະາໆຄເວຂາໆງ

8. ຠາຈຉະຊາຌກາຌລໆລາຌຂ ຠຌ OSI Model (Open Systems Interconnection Model) ນຎຜກນຌຄຝຉ ຓ ຘຖຝຆຏຏຜຖ ເງຉຊຜຄນຉທໆຝຉຝຌເຂຝກຌໄ ກຝຌກໆຝຌຓຝຄຜຝຌ :

­ ໂຉຈຝຉຑ ຌຝຌຂນຉ Hardware ຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆໄແກຖຜຍຍ Cable

­ ນຎຜກນຌໃຌກຝຌຈຉຈຌຆຝຌຂໆຓຌ ເ ນຉແຓຂຝຆ

­ Software ໃຌກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌໃຌຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆ ບຍຎຜກຌທຝ: ຈທຌຎຜກນຍຄຝຉ ຊຜຈຝຓຝ

ທໆຝຉຝຌບທຓກຌໄ.

ຏຏຜຖ Hardware ແຖຜ Software ຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆ ຄນຉເບຄຝຓໆຝແຌຜຌໆຝ ຄຝຓຓຝຄຜ

ຝຌກຝຌນນກແຍຍ ແຖຜ ຈຝຉຏຜຖຄຜຑຌ ເງຉກໆຝຌຂຌໂຆນຉກຝຌຓຝຄຜຝຌຈຝກຌ

(International Organization for Standardization = ISO) ໂຆຓຝຄຜຝຌທ ກໆຝຌຂຌ ແຖຜ ໄຎຜກຝໃງຄຉແຄຎ 1984 ເນ ຌທຝ “Open Systems Interconnection Model” ເນ ຌຈຌ ທຝ: ISO/OSI

Model.

ຘຌທຆຉຝຌໄກໆຝຌຓຝຄຜຝຌຈຝກຌ ຘຖ ISO ຌ ໂຆຖຜຍທຝ ທຌແຍຉ Protocol ນນກ

ເຎຌ 7 Layer ແຖຜ ໃຌແຄຖຜ Layer ທຌຓ ຘຌຝທ ໃຘຌຉດຝຉແຌຌນຌ. ຉຌຌ, ເຓ ນຍໆຖຈຄຝຉ ໄຏຜຖ Protocol ໃຘຓຂຌຓຝ ກໆຄນຉນນກແຍຍໃຘຈນນຉກຍ OSI ຌ ເຑ ນໃຘຈຝຓຝຄຄໆຈ ຈຝຌກຍຖຜ ຍຍເ ນຂຝຆຄຝຉ ຂນຉຍໆຖຈໄ.

ແຍຍ າຣວຄຂວຄ OSI ເຎຌໂຉຈຝຉນຝຉນ ຉ ໃຌກຝຌຈຝຉນຎຜກນຌໃຘຈຝຓຝທໆຝຉຝຌບທຓກຌໄດຝຉ ໃຌຖຜຍຍ

ເ ນຂຝຆ

Layer ຂນຉ OSI ໄແຍຉນນກເຎຌ 7 Layer ຘຖ 7 ງຌ

ແຄຖຜ Layer ຊຜໂຄຄນຍ ຘຖ ບຍຈຉ-ຂໆຓຌກຍ Layer ທ ດຝຉຉເທຝຌຌ

Layer ທ ດງຌຖຓຊຜກໆຝຌຖກຈຜຌຜຂນຉ (Interface) ເຑ ນໃຘຍໆຖກຝຌ Layer ທ ດເຘຌ ນຂຌໄຎຄຝຓຖໆຝຍ

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ຨຍແຍຍກາຌເຆ ໆວຠຉ ໆ ຣະຍຍເວຂາໆງ

OSI (Open Systems Interconnection Model

Data-Application Layer

ຎຜກນຍໄຎທຆ Application Protocol ຄຝຉ ທ ຓ ຏຌຆຓໃງຉຝຌ ເງຌ: E-mail, File

Transfer ເຎຌຄຌ.

­ ໃກຈກຍຏໃງກທກຍ Protocol ຄຝຉ ທ ໃງຉຝຌ

­ ກຓເບຘຌຝທ ໃຌກຝຌເຂຝເຉຂໆຓຌ ແຖຜ ເ ນຉຑຓ

­ ແຍຉຎຌໃຌກຝຌໃງງຍຑຜຆຝກນຌຖຜຍຍເ ນຂຝຆ Data-presentation Layer

ຊກຝຌກທກຍບຍແຍຍຂນຉຂໆຓຌ ໂຆກຝຌແຎຉຂໆຓຌ ໃຘດໃຌບຍແຍຍທ ເຎຌຓຝຄຜຝຌ

ທ ທກເ ນຉນຓຑທເຄ ເຂຝໃຊ ຘຖ ບນຉບຍໄ.

­ ແຎຉຖຜຘຂໆຓຌທ ຈຉຖຜຘທຝຉ 2 ເ ນຉໃຘເຎຌແຍຍທກຌ

­ ຘຖຂຜຘຌຝຂນຉຂໆຓຌ (Data Compression) ເຑ ນຎຜຘຆເທຖຝໃຌກຝຌບຍ-ຈຉ ແຖຜ

ເຂຝຖຜຘເຑ ນເຎຌກຝຌຎນຉກຌກຝຌຖກຖນຍຂໆຓຌ

Session Layer

ຈຝຉກຝຌເງ ນຓຄໆໂຆກຉ ຖຜຘທຝຉເ ນຉຈນຉເ ນຉ ທໆຝກຝຌໃຘເກ ຂໆຓຌໃງຑນຓກຌ

(Synchronize) ເຑ ນຎນຉກຌຍຌຘຝກຝຌເງ ນຓຄໆຘຖໄ ­ ໃຘຍໆຖກຝຌໃງຉຝຌເ ນຉທ ດຘຝຉໄກນນກໄຎ (Remote Login) ກຝຌຝຆໂນຌຂໆຓຌ ຖຜ

ຘທຝຉເ ນຉໄ ­ ເບໃຘຄຄໆເຎຌໄຎດຝຉຖຝຍຖ ຌ ໂຆກຝຌເຐຝ-ກທຈນຍກຝຌໄຘຖຂນຉຂໆຓຌດຝຉເຎຌ

ຊຉຘທຜ ແຖເຖ ນຉທຝຓຎນໄຑ Transport Layer

ຄຂໆຓຌນນກເຎຌ Segment ກທຈນຍທຝຓຍທຌ ໃຘຍໆຖກຝຌເຖ ນຉຌຌຜຑຝຍ ­ ບຍຏງນຍກຝຌຊຈຉຂໆຓຌ ໂຆຎຝຈຜຊຝກທຝຓຏຑຝ ­ ກທຈນຍແກໄຂທຝຓຏຑຝທ ເກ ຂຌໃຌຂໆຓຌ ຊຖຜຍຍຘຓທ

Data Business Communication and Computer Network by Novy Inkhamseng 31

ຨຍແຍຍກາຌເຆ ໆວຠຉ ໆ ຣະຍຍເວຂາໆງ

Network layer

ແຎຉຂໆຓຌເຎຌ Packet ແຖຜ ກໆຝຌເຈຌທຝຉ

­ ຘຝເຈຌທຝຉ (Routing) ຈຉ Package ຊຝກຄຌທຝຉໄຎຆຉຎຝຆທຝຉ

­ Package Switching ຈຝຉທຉຊນຌເຘຓ ນຌຊຉ (Virtual Circuit) ຝຆກຍທຝ ຓ ເຈຌທຝຉ

ເງ ນຓໂຆຉກຌຖຜຘທຝຉ 2 ເ ນຉ

Data Link Layer

ນຜທຍຝຆກຝຌຈຉຂໆຓຌໄຎເທຉຈ ກຝຉ ເຑ ຓ Header ແຖຜ Trailer ເຑ ນໃງໃຌກຝຌກທຈນຍ ຄຝຉ

­ ທຍຓກຝຌຈຉຂໆຓຌໃຘເຘຓ ນຌກຍທຝ ຍໆຓ ທຝຓຏຑຝເກ ຂຌ

­ ຏຈຉຊຜຈຉແຒຓຂໆຓຌນນກໄຎເທ ນຖຜງ ແຖຜ ຖໆບຍກຝຌຄນຍບຍຊຝກຏບຍ ຝເກ ຍຌ

ຘຝ ຐຝຆຏຈຉແຒຓຂໆຓຌນນກຓຝໃຘຓ Physical Layer

ເບຘຌຝທ ແຖ ແຖຜ ກຝຌກຝຌຈຉຂໆຓຌທ ເຎຌ Bit ໄຎໃຌງນຉທຝຉກຝຌຈ ຈຝຌ ­ ຘຌຝທ ບຍ ແຖຜ ແຎຉຂໆຓຌໃຘດໃຌບຍຂນຉຈຌຆຝຌ Digital ໂຆຏຝຌຄທກຝຉແຄຖຜງຜ

ຌໄ