Materials and Processes Division ESA/ESTEC/TOS-QM Sheet: 1 The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses The Spacecraft Environment The Spacecraft Environment The Spacecraft Environment The Spacecraft Environment and Materials Interaction and Materials Interaction and Materials Interaction and Materials Interaction Marc Van Eesbeek Head Materials Physics and Chemistry Section
Infirmación sobre comportamiento de materiales en diferentes ambientes.
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TOS-QM
Sheet: 1
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
The Spacecraft Environment The Spacecraft Environment The Spacecraft Environment The Spacecraft Environment and Materials Interactionand Materials Interactionand Materials Interactionand Materials Interaction
Marc Van EesbeekHead Materials Physics and Chemistry Section
T celsius 0.31 AU Mercury per T celsius 0.72 Venus
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 30
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Thermo-0ptical Properties of Coatings
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Thermo optical comparison
MetalOSRFEPKaptonBlack PaintWhite Paint
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
εH
αs
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 31
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Space Environment Effects : Temperature
(SEE “VACUUM” )
INCREASED OUTGASSING
MOLECULARDEGRADATION
HIGH
CYCLING
LOW
INCREASEDCONDENSATION
TEMPERATURE
MODIFICATIONELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
MODIFICATIONMECHANICAL PROPERTIES
THERMALMECHANICAL
FATIGUE
DEGRADATION OF OPERATIONALPROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
DEBONDING
FRACTURES/CRACKS
LOSS OF PROTECTIVECOATING
MODIFICATION CHARGESTATE
( SEE “VACUUM”)
EMBRITTLEMENT
(SEE “ATOX”)
(SEE“RADIATIONS”)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 32
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Nov 1995
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 33
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
FEP/VDA Pristine
VDA layer at BOL
14 days aged at 200 °C 44.9 days aged at 200 °C TC –100 °C/+100 °C
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 34
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
FEP/VDA 14 days at 200C
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 35
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
FEP/VDA 6400 cycles between –100/+100
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 36
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 37
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 38
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
ATOMICOXYGEN(ATOX)
OXIDATION
OXIDE LAYER
BREAKAGE
EROSION
PROTECTION
CONTAMINATIONCLOUD
GENERATION OFPARTICLES
DEGRADATIONMECHANICALPROPERTIES
CHANGE INTHERMO-OPTICAL
PROPERTIES
MASS LOSS
TEXTURE CHANGE
ELIMINATION OFCONTAMINANTS
PROPERTYRECOVERY
RUPTURE/DEFORMATION
( SEE “TEMPERATURE” )
Space Environment Effects : Atomic Oxygen
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 39
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Neutral Composition during Medium Solar Activity
1
100
104
106
108
1010
1012
1014
1016
1018
1020
200 400 600 800 1000
N /m3
km
Ar
02
N2
N
OHeH
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 40
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
O- density
108
1010
1012
1014
1016
1018
1020
200 400 600 800 1000
O (N/m3)
km
High Solar Activity
Medium Solar Activity
Low Solar Activity
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 41
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
ATOMICOXYGEN(ATOX)
OXIDATION
OXIDE LAYER
BREAKAGE
EROSION
PROTECTION
CONTAMINATIONCLOUD
GENERATION OFPARTICLES
DEGRADATIONMECHANICALPROPERTIES
CHANGE INTHERMO-OPTICAL
PROPERTIES
MASS LOSS
TEXTURE CHANGE
ELIMINATION OFCONTAMINANTS
PROPERTYRECOVERY
RUPTURE/DEFORMATION
( SEE “TEMPERATURE” )
Space Environment Effects : Atomic Oxygen
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 42
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Silver interconnector flown on Eureca. The silver is oxidised. Silver loss: 1 micron per 1021
atoms
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 43
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 44
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
HIGHVELOCITYPARTICLE IMPACT CRATERING
THROUGHHOLE
CHANGE INTHERMOOPTICAL
PROPERTIES
CONDUCTIVEPATH
LOSS OFMATERIAL
INTEGRITY/CRACK
INITIATION
EXPOSURE OFUNDERLAYER
NUMEROUS PROBLEMSPARTICULARLY
EMBRITTLEMENT/LEAK
ELECTRICALPROBLEMS
DEBRISCONTAMINATION
CLOUD
( SEE “ATOX”)
( SEE“TEMPERATURE”)
Space Environment Effects : Micrometeoroids & Debris
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 45
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 46
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Cumulative number of impacts in ISS Orbit
10-12
10-10
10-8
10-6
10-4
0.01
1
100
10000
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
N debrisN meteoroidsN total
Number m-2 year-1
Diameter (cm)
h = 400 km, inclination = 51.6o,year 2000
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 47
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Cumulative number of impacts in Polar Orbit
10-12
10-10
10-8
10-6
10-4
0.01
1
100
10000
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
N debris
N meteoroids
N total
Number m-2 year-1
Diameter (cm)
h = 800 km, inclination i = 98o
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 48
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Cumulative number of impacts in GEO
10-10
10-8
10-6
0.0001
0.01
1
100
104
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
N debrisN meteoroidsN total
Diameter(cm)
Number m-2 year-1
h = 35786 km, inclination i= 0.5o
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 49
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
HIGHVELOCITYPARTICLE IMPACT CRATERING
THROUGHHOLE
CHANGE INTHERMOOPTICAL
PROPERTIES
CONDUCTIVEPATH
LOSS OFMATERIAL
INTEGRITY/CRACK
INITIATION
EXPOSURE OFUNDERLAYER
NUMEROUS PROBLEMSPARTICULARLY
EMBRITTLEMENT/LEAK
ELECTRICALPROBLEMS
DEBRISCONTAMINATION
CLOUD
( SEE “ATOX”)
( SEE“TEMPERATURE”)
Space Environment Effects : Micrometeoroids & Debris
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 50
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 51
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 52
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 53
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 54
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 55
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 56
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Space Environment Effects : Re-entry
RUPTURE
LOSSMECHANICALRESISTANCE
ULTRA-HIGHTEMPERATURE
RE-ENTRYDYNAMICPRESSURE
PLASMA CHEMICAL REACTIONS
EROSION/CORROSION
SURFACE TEXTURECHANGES
LOSS OF MATERIALINTEGRITY
MODIFICATION OFHEAT EXCHANGES
NUMEROUS PROBLEMSPARTICULARLY
EMBRITTLEMENT
THERMALPROBLEMS
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 57
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Inflatable Re-entry Vehicle
Ablative shield
1st inflatable deceleration unit
2nd inflatable deceleration unit
IRDT
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 58
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Re-entry Apollo 8
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 59
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
NUMEROUS PROBLEMS PARTICULARLY
INSULATION/ GASKETING
DEGRADATION OF MATERIAL FUNCTION
OFFGASSING/AGEING/CORROSION
COMBUSTION
BIOLOGICAL GROWTH
SMELL
LIFE SUPPORTING ATMOSPHERE
TOXIC GASES
LOSS OF MATERIAL FUNCTION
TOXINES
AGRESSIONS TO LIFE
CATASTROPHIC FAILURES
DISEASES
DISCOMFORT
Space Environment Effects : Manned Volumes
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 60
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Conclusions
• During the whole lifetime of a spacecraft, materials are subjected to a large number of different environments, some of which can be very harsh and harmful to the integrity or functionality.
• Earth and space environment experienced by a spacecraft must both be considered during the design process.
• Material selection has to be biased towards the specific needs of space programmes. The environmental factors associated with space have a direct influence on material selection. The application dictates the use of a particular material type.
• Interactions between a material and the different environments to which it is exposed are quite often synergistic and not simply additive; i.e. the sum of both interactions is larger than each of the effects separately.
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 61
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
•Materials require evaluation to ensure adequate performance under a variety of combined conditions.
•Tests must be optimised –differentiate between primary and secondary parameters/degradation mechanisms.
•Simulation of these combined environments–Technical limitations–Cost effectiveness/ affordability