02. BIM (Building Information Modeling) & Revit

Design Computing

02. BIM (Building Information Modeling) & Revit

3/12/2015Digital Design I | HOM3034 | Spring 2015 | Every Thursday 2:00 p.m. – 5:50 pm

Jin Kook Lee, Ph.D. 02-2220-2645 | [email protected] Professor, Space & Design IT Lab.Department of Interior Architecture Design, Hanyang University

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What to do today

1. Lecture: Intro to BIM

2. Discussion: Reading Assignments

3. Lab exercises: Revit without experiences

1. How to install Revit

2. Running Revit & look around interfaces

3. Model your building information using Revit – without experiences

4. Requirements: All lab exercises outcome files should be submitted in “Shared Folder”

Appropriate images in JPG format. Try to get your best render shots!

History of Computing ?

Breaking Enigma, designing buildings, and doing everything by computers

Right brain vs Left brain: Do you see the dancer turning

RIGHT BRAIN FUNCTIONS

• uses feeling• "big picture" oriented• imagination rules• symbols and images• present and future• philosophy & religion• can "get it" (i.e. meaning)• believes• appreciates• spatial perception• knows object function• fantasy based• presents possibilities• impetuous• risk taking

LEFT BRAIN FUNCTIONS

• uses logic• detail oriented• facts rule• words and language• present and past• math and science• can comprehend• knowing• acknowledges• order/pattern perception• knows object name• reality based• forms strategies• practical• safe

Counter-clockwise: Left brain Clockwise: Right brain

Right brain vs Left brain

RIGHT BRAIN FUNCTIONS

• uses feeling• "big picture" oriented• imagination rules• symbols and images• present and future• philosophy & religion• can "get it" (i.e. meaning)• believes• appreciates• spatial perception• knows object function• fantasy based• presents possibilities• impetuous• risk taking

LEFT BRAIN FUNCTIONS

• uses logic• detail oriented• facts rule• words and language• present and past• math and science• can comprehend• knowing• acknowledges• order/pattern perception• knows object name• reality based• forms strategies• practical• safe

Logic + Sensibility

Language + Images

Scientific + Conceptual

Practical + Imaginary

Design Computing

History of Computing + Design

A Short Timeline of Computer Aided Design

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

First CAD System:Ivan Sutherland & Steven Coons, SketchPAD, MIT, 1961

Greenberg, Donald P. Computer Graphics in Architecture. Scientific American 230: 98-106, 1974

Popular CAD: AutoCAD1990 example on a Mac

Autodesk Revit 2012Market-leading BIM Tool

First Solid ModelerFirst CAD

First 3D Building

First Parametric Modeler

CATIA

Revit: Parametric Modeler in AEC

iPhone, iPadWWW SketchUP

History of computer-aided design is a history of understanding what is design

The design is a drawing of the product e.g. Geometric drafting in 2D

The design is a surface model of the product e.g. Geometric surface modeling in 3D

The design is a 3D model of the product e.g. Solid modeling

The design is an editable 3D model of the product e.g. Parametric modeling

The design is the integrated representation of

all the compositional, analytical and fabrication

representations of the product

(Geometry is just one part of the model) e.g. Product Data Modeling, Building Information Modeling

H

WD

Parameters:H, W, D

+ Information

Information Modeling

CAADRIA 2015 video demo

Digital Design ?

Projection Mapping + Interior Design examples

Indoor Projection Mapping - Video Mapping Interior_(720p)

Projection Mapping at Osha Restaurant_(720p)

3D Room Video Mapping Projection - London Design Week (100%Design)_(1080p)

Digital Design I Class consists of:

Design Computing Theories and Lab Exercises

- BIM & Parametric Modeling : Revit & Vasari- 3d Modeling & Rendering : 3ds MAX- Design presentation by Animation & Movie

: 3ds MAX, Photoshop, AfterEffect, Power Director, etc.

One of Advanced Design Computing: BIM

Conventional Design Computing

Drafting

Modeling

Rendering

Animation

… Visualizations

Focusing on geometric shapes

Let computers do what we have drawn

New direction of Design Computing: Information Modeling

Focusing on information

Let computers do what we have done

Difference between geometric drawing and information modeling

Two representations

are very close.

Computationally,

very different.

Building Information Modeling Approach

Quotes in Architectural Design

“Architecture is the art of how to waste space.”

- Philip Johnson

“All architecture is shelter, all great architecture is the design of space that contains, cuddles, exalts, or

stimulates the persons in that space.”

- Philip Johnson

“Architecture is music in space, as it were a frozen music”

- Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling

“Architecture is the will of an epoch translated into space.”

- Mies van der Rohe

We design spaces! Do you?

Do you design “lines” or “spaces”?Do you design “geometric shapes” or “building objects”?

What you design for?1. Walls

2. Windows, doors

3. Ceiling, slab, column

4. Furniture, any design elements

5. Space, filled with all above

What you really design in conventional CAD systems? (AutoCAD, 3dsMAX, etc)

- Two parallel lines representing a “wall”

- A series of lines representing the geometry of the bottom footprint of “walls”

- A 900mm line and an arc that representing a “door”

- A 900 X 1800 X 50 3d box object with a wood map, representing a “table top”

- A series of geometric shapes representing your image of “design”

Back to fundamentals:

Why don’t we design “Space” and “Walls” rather than “line” and “polygons”?

This approach is already implemented in recently developed BIM tools.

BIM tools are still the means of design, but totally different approach.

CAD evolves into BIM Not just evolving from 2d to 3d

GUID (Globally Unique ID)

Name: “Office”

Zone Name: “Leasing Spaces”

Space Number: 250

Floor, Spatial Topology

NET Area, Height, Volume...

Relations, Topology Data

3D Geometry Data

Space Object Instance contains “information”

“Rectangular Shape” in a CAD model

“Space Object” in a BIM model

“Office” Labeled Polygon

Label Text: “Office”

Layer Label Text:

“Level 1”

2D or 3D Dummy

Geometry

Evolve into BIM

Standard Names, Standard Area, Required Area

Basic Rentable Area

ANSI/BOMA Category

Occupants Code

Energy Zone Type

Cost Estimate Data

Security Information

……

Geometry-oriented approach

Conventionally CAD systems only deal with “geometry”

Because people believed that geometric shape is all about design, at that

time.

Geometry is important, but it is a subset of a design.

Building object-oriented approach

Conceptual modeling of a building – for both human and computer

Building

Space

Floor

SpaceGroup

1..*

1

0..*

1..*

1

1

Site

1..*

1

1..*

1..*

1..*

0..*

Interior

Facilities

Building Data Model: a bit more elaborated model

Building

Space

Floor

SpaceGroup

1..*

1

Any group or

classification

of spaces

0..*

1..*

1

1

Other Structural ElementSite

Structure

Slab

Foundation

Roof

Beam

Ceiling

Column

Wall

Opening

Window

1..*

1

0..*

0..*

0..*

0..*

0..*

0..*

0..*

1

1

0..*

Geometry

Surface

Material …

0..*

1..*

1..*

1..*

0..*

1

1..*

0..*

One

One or more

Zero or more

B contains A / A is super class of B

B is made up of A (composition)

A B

A B

Major building elements for interior design

Dynamically Instantiatable Objects

Interior

Facilities

Geometry

Surface

Material …

Door

IFC: an actual building data (information) model for computers

IfcSpace

IfcBuildingStorey

[1:n] IfcRelAggregates

IfcBuilding

IfcSite

[1:n] IfcRelAggregates

[1:n] IfcRelAggregates

IfcSpatialStructureElement

IfcObject

IfcProduct

IfcRoot

IfcObjectDefinition

IfcElement

IfcBuildingElement

IfcBeam

IfcColumn

IfcSlab

IfcDoor

IfcRamp

IfcRoof

IfcWall

IfcBuildingBasementComponent

IfcAnnotation

IfcPort

IfcWallStandardCase

……

……

IfcBuildingBasementPart

……

IfcRelationship

IfcRelAssociates

IfcRelAssociatesClassification

IfcClassificationReference

Space Groups

653 Entities

Geometry

Relation

Properties ……

IfcGroup

IfcZone

Data Modeling Example:Building – Floor – Space entity & their properties example

Space

Geometry data

int id

String GUID

String name

String number

double area

double height

double volume

int numberOfDoor

Building Building

Floor Floor

Space[] adjacentSpace

Space[] directlyAccessibleSpace

double basicRsf

String department

String security

String bomaCategory

…

Building

Geometry data

int id

String fileName

int numberOf…

double area

double totalNetArea

double height

double elevationHeight

double volume

Site Site

Floor[] Floor

Floor firstFloor

String buildingType

String designPhase

String version

double buildingGrossArea

double structuredParkingArea

double mepArea

double skinArea

double externalWallArea

double biggestFloorArea

…

Floor

Geometry data

int id

String GUID

String name

double area

double totalNetArea

double height

double elevationHeight

double volume

Building Building

Space[] Space

int number

…

BIM is the way we should go.It takes advantages of advanced computing technologies,and it enables us to focus on design itself, not computing.

Difference between geometric drawing and information modeling

Two representations

are very close.

Computationally,

very different.

Autodesk Revit, its BIM Approaches

and its Use Scenarios for Interiors

Autodesk Revit 2015, as of 2015 (2016 will be released soon)

How to “model” a building in Autodesk Revit?

Modeling walls, columns, doors, spaces, floors – not points, lines, surfaces

- But it doesn’t mean Revit has no geometry editing tools. It still has powerful tools.

Designing a building object, based on several pre-defined object families

- System Family: pre-defined building objects in Revit

- User Family (Custom Objects): any kind of user-defined building objects

Each object’s geometry is parametrically editable

- A wall’s “width”, “height” and “thickness”, NOT “length” of the lines

All objects have related each other – Parametric “Constraints”

- E.g.: All walls in Level 1 have a “constraint” to the bottom of Level 2

We just implemented this on BIM tools, much smarter than OSNAP in AutoCAD

Final Assignments

- Modeling CHE building in Revit

- Importing into 3dsMAX

Project means a Revit project file

Family is a basic unit of building design object in Revit

Families are one of: System Family or Custom Family

Users can create their own customized building design objects

Load project template file / system family files

If your Revit has missing Template or System Families, locate them as following:

Setting Default Template in Metric units:

Click left-top R icon – Click Options – File locations – Default template file:

C:\ProgramData\Autodesk\RAC 2013\Templates\US Metric\DefaultMetric.rte

Setting and loading System Families via:

C:\ProgramData\Autodesk\RAC 2013\Libraries\US Metric\ ~ a lot of system families

*.rvt files are Revit Project files

*.rte files are Revit Template files

*.rfa files are Revit Family files

Revit interface basics1. Start a command

Clicking icons in Ribbon interface

2. Choose an option from the associated temporary tab

Editing, modifying in an additional Ribbon tab

3. Do something in the model view window

Property Window

The Type Properties dialog gives you access to the parameters associated

with the element you’ve selected.

Project Browser

Like Windows Explorer – Navigate information associated with current

project

Revit Key Features

Exporting building’s geometry in DWG, DWF, FBX formats

Exporting building information model in IFC format Interoperability

Space-oriented building modeling: Mass Object, Space Object

Extracting auto-generated 2d plans: Floor plans, elevations, sections, 3d views

Modeling building objects & geometry in advanced Parametric Modeling techniques

Supporting .NET based plugin development (well defined API)

Supporting collaborative working environment (centralized Revit model, cloud-based)

Supporting various visualization tools

Building mass modeling in Revit

Modeling “building mass object” in Revit

Turning into Revit building objects such as walls, floors, curtain walls

Space Object modeling in Revit

No need to draw wall lines for creating spaces - Space object in BIM tools

Auto-detecting Space Boundary using surrounding wall objects

Space Objects can be modeled even without walls for the early concept

design

One of most important

object in Revit is –

Space object

(“Room” in Revit)

Modeled and Rendered in Revit, using Mental Ray (Also compatible with 3ds MAX)http://oubaas.deviantart.com/art/Revit-render-test-84446464

http://www.revitcity.com/forum_files/26537_banking_hall_1.jpg

Modeled and Rendered in Revit, using Mental Ray (Also compatible with 3ds MAX)

Recommended: Use Revit & MAX for better photo-realistic rendering images

Revit:

MAX:

http://grevity.blogspot.kr/2011/09/beam-me-up-scotty.html

http://grevity.blogspot.kr/2011/09/beam-me-up-scotty.html

Next Class

Revit & BIM

Lab Exercises: - Modeling and Rendering by Autodesk Revit