02 Accelerating Progress in Energy & GHG Reductions Workshop/02 Accelerating Progress in... · Accelerating Progress in Energy & GHG Reductions ... (to supplement what we generate)

Accelerating Progress inEnergy & GHG ReductionsEnergy & GHG Reductions

Campus Consortium on Environmental Excellence

May 13, 2013

Agenda

• Energy Context

• University Goals & Progress

• Building on Lessons Learned to Date• Building on Lessons Learned to Date

• Open Discussion

Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering

Energy Context

• Procurement

• Generation

• Demand

All three functions are all handled within

Utilities and Engineering.


Procurement

• Yale purchases:

– electricity (to supplement what we generate)

– gas (to generate electricity, steam, and chilled water)

– diesel, fuel oil #2, propane (to lesser extent used as back-up)– diesel, fuel oil #2, propane (to lesser extent used as back-up)

• Local suppliers: UI & SCG

• Purchase real-time, block load, negotiated contracts

• End-users pay fully-loaded variable rate


Generation

Sterling Power Plant Central Power Plant


Generation


Demand

• 296 Buildings ~ 16.5M GSF

• 3.6M MMBTU ~ $76M ~ 218 kBTU/GSF

• 19,000 CT households ~ 47,500 CT residents• 19,000 CT households ~ 47,500 CT residents


Demand

• 25 buildings represent 50% of energy use

– Average EUI = 335 kBTU/GSF

• 45 represent 70%

• 65 represent 80%


Demand

65 Buildings:

• 2 Museums

• 3 Libraries

• 2 Athletic Buildings TAC #1 BCMM #2• 2 Athletic Buildings

• 9 Residential Colleges

• 1 Dining

• 3 Academic~Admin

• 45 Labs~Clinics~CriticalResearch

TAC #1

KBT #3

BCMM #2

SML #10


Demand DataYale

ALL METERED DATA CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH www.facilities.yale.edu/public/Energy.html


Demand Data

Custom application created for Yale facilities in 2005.


University Goals

• Reduce GHG emissions 10% below 1990 by 2020

• Reduce energy use 4% below 2010 by 2013


University Goals

61,12590,457

281,010

290,602

250,000

300,000

350,000

Conservation & EfficiencyConservation & Efficiency

"Business As Usual" Emissions

50,000

1,145

3,145

218,740

147,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

On-campus Renewable

On-campus Renewable

Off-campus Renewable

Actual Emissions


Progress

• Design Standards & Innovative New Buildings $13M

• Central Utilities: SPP Cogeneration $72M

• Projects $18M

End of FY12: 62,000 MTCDE Reduction, $103M, 8-year SPP

• Projects $18M

– Retro-commissioning & Temperature Standards

– Lighting & Occupancy Sensors

– Envelope Upgrades

– VFDs

– Heat Recovery


Accelerating Progress

2005 20202012 201316% 27%


• 2005-2012: 16% reduction in total GHG

• 2013-2020: 27% reduction in total GHG

Accelerating Progress: New Goal

• Reduce GHG emissions 10% below 1990 by 2020

• Reduce energy use 4% below 2010 by 2013

• FY13: Save $2.9M in energy expenditures

Energy Procurement~20%$580K

Power Plant Efficiency~20%$580K

Campus Building Efficiency~60%$1.74M

55% Central/Science5% WC


How are we doing so far?• Projections – West Campus

• Projects – free cooling, miscellaneous

• TOD & Settings – some impact but overall need to impact but overall need to be more aggressive

• Tools – Plant dispatch, scorecards, biweekly meetings, surveys, engagement


What’s ahead of us?

• Major projects : SOM, KCL, School of Nursing

• Generation: Repowering CPP, 1 MW of Solar

• Controls system upgrades: hardware,

programming, analytics, schedulingprogramming, analytics, scheduling

• Laboratory initiatives

• Libraries & Cultural Properties: Preservation standards


Accelerating Progress

• Momentum! Our focus during FY13 makes clear limitations (and therefore opportunities) within our system

2005 20202012 201316% 27%

limitations (and therefore opportunities) within our system

• Build on lessons learned to date & lessons still learning….


Lessons Learned

• LEED Platinum

• Kroon: 23 kBTU/GSF

• Average: 100 kBTU/GSF

• Two-year learning curve

• Intensive metering & commissioning

• Dedicated occupants

• Constant attention

Kroon Hall #175


Lessons Learned“New complex green buildings require dedication & two years to reach performance.”


Lessons Learned• Central Campus Chiller Plant

– Provides for non-mechanical cooling

– Savings equate to $150,000 annually

– Operational as of early January 2013

– Campus load served ~ 1,500 tons– Campus load served ~ 1,500 tons


Lessons Learned

“Operational leaps of faith and (manageable) risk can pay off.”


Lessons Still Learning

• Spring 2012: Outreach and scheduling

• Since Fall 2012:– Night surveys

– Winter Recess “Opt Out”– Winter Recess “Opt Out”

– Ongoing adjustments to schedules

• Communication critical

What is the best way to schedule buildings and laboratories?


Lessons Still Learning

• “Energy Advisory”

– Facility Superintendents: Influence behavior of building users


– Business Officers: Pilot incentive program at department level

How are individuals, groups, and departments motivated to use less energy on campus?

Accelerating Progress: Discussion

1. New Complex Buildings:

How do you prepare for successful operations?

2. Operational Change:

What is your experience with operational “leaps of faith?”


What is your experience with operational “leaps of faith?”

3. Scheduling Campus Systems:

How do you schedule buildings and labs so they “turn off?”

4. Behavior Incentives:

How are people motivated to use less energy on campus?

Thank you


Discussion

Topic 1: New Buildings

As new buildings on campus are becoming more complex and unique, how do you manage design review and prepare for

successful operations? How are successful operations? How are operations and physical plant staff (really) prepared and trained for complex new

buildings?


DiscussionTopic 2: Operational Change

What is your experience with operational leaps of faith? Any operational leaps of faith? Any

specific examples? What do you do to minimize issues?


Discussion

Topic 3: Scheduling Campus Systems

How do you handle scheduling buildings and laboratories on

campus so that systems are not campus so that systems are not operating when they are not

needed?


Discussion

Topic 4: Behavior Incentives

How are students, faculty, and staff motivated to use less energy on

campus? What has been successful campus? What has been successful short term and longer term?


Understanding Efficiency w/ Easy Metrics

• $1.6M in Central energy is $12,175 / building

• $0.17 / GSF

• Based on typical use…this would be:

~ 3-1/2 hours of typical lighting / day

Yale

~ 3-1/2 hours of typical lighting / day

~ 3 hours of typical ventilation / day

~ 5-1/2 hours of typical office equipment / day

~ Temperature setting adjustments depend….


• Time of day scheduling

• Recess shut-down

• Occupancy

How do we use the building?Yale

What is your building schedule? Weekdays & Weekend? Can it change?

Is there any reason why the building should not shutdown during recess?

Are there unoccupied spaces?

• Set-points and controls

• Passive strategies

• Expected performance

• Local exceptions

How does the building use equipment?Yale

Temperature policy? Occupancy sensors? What are the FAQs from your occupants? What do you see: outside air inspections, simultaneous heating

& cooling, localized special use?

• Upgrades to equipment with better efficiency

How does the equipment use energy?Yale

What types of project ideas should come to us? What types of changes can be addressed with a

service order?

How much energy does the building use?Yale

ALL METERED DATA CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH www.facilities.yale.edu/public/Energy.html

How much energy does each of your buildings use? Total energy? Energy per SF? Energy per occupied

hour? Energy split?

Is that good or bad?Yale

Is that good or bad?Yale

Is that good or bad?

Good if….the building is using…

less this year than last…

Yale

less this year than last…less than other peer buildings….

as much as designed for…less than target.

02 Accelerating Progress in Energy & GHG Reductions Workshop/02 Accelerating Progress in... · Accelerating Progress in Energy & GHG Reductions ... (to supplement what we generate)

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