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KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FOR DEMONSTRATING EFFECTIVE CORROSION MANAGEMENT IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY D.M.E. Queen Shell (UK) Exploration Production (also operating on behalf of Esso) Lothing Depot, North Quay Lowestoft, NR32 2TH, United Kingdom B.R. Ridd, C.Packman CorrOcean Ltd Sackville Place, Magdalen Street Norwich, NR3 1JU, United Kingdom ABSTRACT This paper describes work undertaken to raise awareness of maintaining the integrity of offshore plant and pipelines by the use of Key Performance Indicators (KPI s) in corrosion management activities. This provides a method of monitoring and improving the performance of corrosion management activities within the Oil and Gas industry and provides an enabler for cost improvement. The perform ance indicators have been developed as a simple and demonstrable method of measuring the cost of corrosion, the performance and effectiveness of corrosion inhibition and provide a metric for the reliability of corrosion inhibition equipment. Keywords: key performance indicators, corrosion management, corrosion monitoring, inhibition, integrity. ~TRODUCTION Key drivers for improved corrosion management are accurate and concise reporting of corrosion performance together with the provision of management information in readily interpretable terms. Achieving these aims can contribute significantly to the overall objectives of improving, safeguarding and maintaining plant integrity as well as significantly improving cost performance. There is a ready tendency for the reporting of corrosion information to overly concentrate on the technical performance of the facilities, i.e., much reliance is placed on providing technical data citing corrosion rates and displaying corrosion trends. Whilst this is important to corrosion professionals it can be relatively meaningless to those with overall management responsibility for the particular asset in question. It is therefore incum bent on corrosion engineers to interpret and comm unicate the effectiveness of corrosion mitigation practices in a way that is not only understandable by the non technical specialist, but also in a way that conveys performance or indeed change in performance. What constitutes acceptable performance however may well vary from asset to asset or company to company. This paper concentrates on a number of metrics that can be used to measure corrosion management performance and how these factors can be interpreted. P  o r n  c h  a i    J  a m  a w  a  t  r I  n v  o i   c  e I  N V -  8  8 7  8  3 1 -  Q 4  Q 1 L 1  ,  d  o w n l   o  a  d  e  d  o n 2  /   9  /  2  0 1  5 1 2 : 1 4 A M   S i  n  g l   e  u  s  e r l  i   c  e n  s  e  o n l   y  ,  c  o  p  y i  n  g  /  n  e  t  w  o r k i  n  g  p r  o h i   b  Copyright ©2001 by NACE International. Requests for permission to publish t his manuscript in any form, in part or in whol e must be in writing to NACE International, Publications Division, 1440 South Creek Drive, Houston, Texas 77084-4906. The material presented and the views expressed in this paper are solely those of the author(s) and not necessarily endorsed by the Association. Printed in U.S.A. 01056 CORROSION 2001 Paper No.
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K E Y P E R F O R M A N C E I N D IC A T O R S F O R D E M O N S T R A T I N G E F F E C T I V E C O R R O S I O N M A N A G E M E

T H E O I L A N D G A S IN D U S T R Y

D.M .E . Qu e e n

Shell (UK) Explorat ion Production

(also operating on beh alf of Esso)

Lothing D epot , North Q uay

L owe s to f t, NR32 2T H , U n i te d Ki n gd om

B . R . R i d d , C . P a c k m a n

Cor r Oc e an L td

Sackvil le Place, Magdalen Street

Nor wi c h , NR 3 1JU, Un ite d Ki n gd om

A B S T R A C T

T h i s p a p e r d e sc r i b e s w o r k u n d e r t a k e n t o r a i s e a w a r e n e s s o f m a i n t a i n in g t h e in t e g r it y o f o f f sh o r e p l an t a n d p i p e l i n e

u se o f K e y P e r f o r m a n c e I n d i c a t o r s ( K P I s ) i n c o r r o s i o n m a n a g e m e n t a c t iv i t ie s . T h i s p r o v i d e s a m e t h o d o f m o n i t o

i m p r o v i n g t h e p e r f o r m a n c e o f c o r r o s i o n m a n a g e m e n t a c t i v it i e s w i th i n t h e O i l a n d G a s i n d u s t r y a n d p r o v i d e s a n e n a

c o s t i m p r o v e m e n t . T h e p e r f o r m a n c e i n d i c a to r s h a v e b e e n d e v e l o p e d a s a s i m p l e an d d e m o n s t r a b l e m e t h o d o f m e a su

c o s t o f c o r r o s i o n , t h e p e r f o r m a n c e a n d e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f c o r r o s i o n i n h i b it i o n a n d p r o v i d e a m e t r ic f o r t h e r e li a

c o r r o s i o n i n h i b it i o n e q u i p m e n t .

K e y w o r d s : k e y p e r f o r m a n c e i n d i c a t o rs , c o r r o s i o n m a n a g e m e n t , c o r r o s i o n m o n i t o r i n g , in h i b i ti o n , i n t e g r it y .

~ T R O D U C T I O N

K e y d r i v e r s f o r i m p r o v e d c o r r o s i o n m a n a g e m e n t a r e a c c u r a t e a n d c o n c i s e r e p o r t in g o f c o r r o s i o n p e r f o r m a n c e

w i t h t h e p r o v is i o n o f m a n a g e m e n t i n f o r m a t i o n i n r e a d i l y i n te r p r e t a b le t er m s . A c h i e v i n g t h e se a i m s c a n c o

s ign i f i can t ly to the ove ra l l ob jec t ives o f imp roving , sa fegua rd ing and ma in ta in ing p l an t i n t egr i ty a s we l l a s s ign

i m p r o v i n g c o s t p e r f o r m a n c e .

T h e r e i s a r e a d y t e n d e n c y f o r t h e r e p o r t in g o f c o r r o s i o n i n f o r m a t i o n to o v e r l y c o n c e n t r a te o n t h e t e c h n i c a l p e r f o r m

the fac i l i t i e s , i . e . , much re l i ance i s p l aced on provid ing t echnica l da t a c i t i ng cor ros ion ra t e s and d i sp lay ing cor ros ion

W h i l s t t h i s i s i m p o r t a n t t o c o r r o s i o n p r o f e s s i o n a l s i t c a n b e r e l a t i v e l y m e a n i n g l e s s t o t h o se w i t h o v e r a l l m a n

respons ib i l i t y fo r t he pa r t i cu la r a sse t i n ques t ion . I t i s t he re fo re incum ben t on cor ros ion engine e rs t o in t e rp

c o m m u n i c a t e t h e e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f c o r r o s i o n m i t ig a t i o n p r a c t ic e s i n a w a y t h a t i s n o t o n l y u n d e r s t a n d a b l e b y t h e n o n t

sp e c ia l is t , b u t a lso i n a w a y t h a t c o n v e y s p e r f o r m a n c e o r in d e e d c h a n g e i n p e r f o r m a n c e . W h a t c o n s t i t u t e s a c

p e r f o r m a n c e h o w e v e r m a y w e l l v a r y f r o m a s set to a s se t o r c o m p a n y t o c o m p a n y . T h i s p a p e r c o n c e n t r a t e s o n a n u

01056

CORROSION200Paper No.

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K E Y P E R F O R M A N C E I N D I C A T O R S ( K e I s )

T h e i m p o r t a n c e o f m e a n i n g f u l m a n a g e m e n t i n f o r m a t i o n i s o f t e n h i g h li g h t e d w h e n o p e r a t i o n a l p r o b l e m s a r is e , h o w

i s m u c h m o r e u s e f u l t o k n o w b e f o r e h a n d w h a t d e t r i m e n t a l p r o c e s s e s a r e r e l e v a n t i n a g i v e n p r o d u c t i o n o p e r a t i o n a n

b e i n c o n t r o l o f t h a t p r o c e s s . I t is t h e r e f o r e f u n d a m e n t a l t o t h e a s s e s s m e n t o f th e l o n g t e r m v a l u e o f th e p r o d u c t i o n f

t h a t t h e r e is a n u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e t e c h n i c a l t h r e a ts p o s e d t o t h e m . I n m a n y c a s e s c o r r o s i o n i s h i g h o n t h e p r i o r i t y

t h re a t s. I t is t h e r e f o r e i m p o r t a n t t o u n d e r s ta n d f r o m a b u s i n e s s c a s e p o i n t o f v i e w h o w m u c h i n i n t e g r i ty a n d f i n a n c i

do t hese t h rea t s pose . Un der s t an d ing t he t h rea t / cos t r e l a t i onsh ip can t hen be used t o p l an o r ass i s t i n main t a in ing t h

in t eg r i t y and p ro f i t ab i l i t y o f t he asse t .

T y p i c a l l y m a n a g e m e n t i n f o r m a t i o n is r e q u i re d o n t h e p r e d i c t e d c o s t s o f th e p r o b l e m , t h e r i s k s i n v o l v e d , t h e r e m a i n

o f th e a f f e c t e d e q u i p m e n t a n d w h a t c a n b e d o n e t o i m p r o v e o r e r a d i c a t e th e p r o b l e m . T h e K P I ' s d e s c r i b e d b e l o

d e v e l o p e d s p e c i f i c a l ly to m e a s u r e t h e e f f e c t o f c o r r o s i o n o n t h e t e c h n i c a l a n d f i n a n c ia l p e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e a s s e ts i

a n d t o a d d r e s s th e p e r f o r m a n c e o f p a r t i c u la r c r it ic a l c o r r o s i o n r e la t e d s y s t e m s , h o w e v e r t h e s a m e m e t h o d o l o g y c

a p p l i e d t o o t h e r s y s t e m s . T h e t h r e e K P I ' s d e v e l o p e d w e r e :

C o s t o f c o r r o s io n .

> Cor ros ion i nh ib i t i on l eve l .

~ E q u i p m e n t m a i n t e n a n c e c o m p l e t e d .

C o s t o f C o r r o s io n K P I

T h e c o s t o f c o r r o s i o n K P I w a s d e v e l o p e d t o c o n v e r t t h e a m o u n t o f c o r ro s i o n d a m a g e s u s t a i n e d d u r i n g a g i v e n m o

p e r i o d t o a m o n e t a r y f i g u r e w h i c h p r o v i d e s c l e a r e r f o c u s o n c o r r o s i o n m a n a g e m e n t p e r f o r m a n c e . F a c t o r s c o n s i d e r e

t h is K P I a r e e x i s t in g d a m a g e s u s t a in e d p r i o r t o th e m o n i t o r i n g p e r io d , t h e c o s t o f r e p a i r o r r e p l a c e m e n t a n d t h e

s e r v i c e li f e o f t h e p la n t . P e r f o r m a n c e c a n t h e n b e c o m p u t e d i n t e r m s o f t h e c o s t o f d a m a g e i n t he l a s t m o n i t o r i n g p e

a n n u a l d a m a g e c o s t a n d / o r l i f e c y c l e c o s t s.

T h e c o s t o f c o r r o s i o n d a m a g e

(Ccorr)

s u s ta i n e d i n m o n i t o r in g p e r i o d c a n b e d e r i v e d f r o m :

c° r r ~ -F - ~

(

w h e r e ,

Ccorr

Nc

Rcost

FL

D p

= C o s t o f c o r r o s i o n d a m a g e i n m o n i t o r e d p e r i o d ( £ )

= E s t i m a t e d n u m b e r o f r e p l a c e m e n t c y c l e s t o e n d o f s e r v i c e li f e (r o u n d e d d o w n t o n e a r e s t i n t e g e r )

= R e p l a c e m e n t c o s t ( i n c l u d i n g lo s t p r o d u c t c o s t ) ( £)

= R e q u i r e d r e m a i n i n g f i e l d l i fe ( y e a r s )

= D a y s i n m o n i t o r i n g p e r i o d ( d a y s)

I f h o w e v e r t h e c a l c u l a te d r e m n a n t l i f e o f th e c o m p o n e n t

(RLc)

( see Equat i on 3 ) i s g rea t e r t han t he f i e l d l i f e (FL

c a n b e a s s u m e d t o b e = 0 . T h i s i s b a s e d o n t h e a s s u m p t i o n t h a t th e K P I i s a p e r f o r m a n c e i n d i c a t o r re f l e c t i n g t h e e

o p e r a t i n g c o s t s ( O p e x ) a n d d o e s n o t c o n s i d e r d e p r e c i a t i o n a g a i n s t t h e i n i ti a l c a p it a l c o s t ( C a p e x ) .

T h e n u m b e r o f r e p la c e m e n t c y c l e s

(Nc)

c a n b e e s ti m a t e d f r o m

N c = ( l + ( R '-'~ R )

(

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w h e r e ,

RLc

RLR

RLc

a n d

RL~ are

d e r i v e d f r o m :

= R e m n a n t l if e o f c u rr e n t c o m p o n e n t ( y e a r s)

= R e m n a n t l i fe o f r e p la c e m e n t c o m p o n e n t s ( y e a r s )

RLc= CA-DT),.

R

w h e r e ,

(

CA*

DT

CR

= C o r r o s i o n a l l o w a n c e ( d e s i g n o r f it n e s s f o r p u r p o s e ) ( r a m )

= D a m a g e t o d a t e ( m m )

= M e a s u r e d c o r r o s io n r a t e ( m m / y e a r )

* C o r r o s i o n A l l o w a n c e - T h i s d e p e n d s o n t h e t y p e o f d e f e c t a n t i c ip a t e d w h i c h n e e d s t o b e i d e n t i f i e d b y i n s p e c t i o n . O

d e f e c t g e o m e t r y i s k n o w n a n d t h e p r o c e s s p a r a m e t e r s i d e n t i f i e d , t h e m a x i m u m a l l o w a b l e d e f e c t s i z e m a y b e c a l c u l a t e

f i t n e ss f o r p u r p o s e c r i t e r i a to e n s u r e t h a t f a i l u r e d o e s n o t o c c u r .

T h e a b o v e f o r m u l a e h a v e b e e n d e v e l o p e d f r o m a n a c t u a l p i p e w o r k m o n i t o r i n g a n d r e p l a c e m e n t p r o g r a m a s a r

i n t e r n a l c o r r o s i o n e f f e c t s . B o t h r e p l a c e m e n t c o s t

Rcost),

c o m p o n e n t r e m n a n t l i f e

RLc)

and f i e ld l i fe

FL) are

k e y f a

t h is m e t h o d a n d r e f l e c t t h e n e e d f o r a c c u r a t e c o s t i n g o f in s t a l la t i o n a n d r e p l a c e m e n t a c t i v i ti e s t o b e u n d e r s t o o d . R

f i e ld l i f e i s n o t n e c e s s a r i l y t h e d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n i n s t al l a t io n a n d d e s i g n l i v e s b u t m o r e l i k e l y t h e t i m e r e m a i n i n g u n t i

f i e ld o r p roduc t ion l i fe .

o r r o s i o n i n h i b i t i o n l e v el K P I

T h i s K P I p r o v i d e s a p e r f o r m a n c e m e a s u r e o f th e a v a i l a b i l it y o f c o r r o s i o n i n h i b i t o r s t o p r o v i d e p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t c

p r o c e s s e s . T h e e f f e c t i v e n e s s p o t e n t i a l o f t h e i n h i b it o r c h e m i c a l w i l l h a v e b e e n d e t e r m i n e d f r o m a c o m b i n a t i o n o f l a

a n d f i e ld t e s t i n g to i d e n t i f y th e o p t i m u m c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f t h e c h e m i c a l i n t h e p r o d u c e d f l u id s . T h e r e m a y o f c o

a p p l i c a t i o n s w h e r e i t is j u s t i f i e d t o a p p l y a d e g r e e o f o v e r i n j e c t i o n t o p r o v i d e p r o t e c t i o n t o d o w n s t r e a m f a c i li t i es w h

n o t p r a c t i c a l t o i n j e c t a t t h a t l o c a t i o n . H o w e v e r t h is i n s u r a n c e c a n a l s o b e g i v e n a t a r g e t l ev e l a n d s ti ll b e u s e d t o d e

a b e n c h m a r k o r t a r g e t l e v e l .

T h e K P I i t s e l f i s d e r i v e d f r o m a m e a s u r e o f t h e p r o d u c e d f l u i d s i n c l u d i n g w a t e r a n d h y d r o c a r b o n p h a s e s a n d t h e

i n j e c te d t o t h e p r o d u c e d f l u id s t r e a m t o p r o v i d e a c o r r e l a t i o n b e t w e e n h o w m u c h i n h i b i t o r s h o u l d b e i n t h e p r o d u c

s t r e a m v e r s e s a c t u a l i n j e c t e d i n h i b i t o r c o n c e n t r a t i o n s .

K P I % i n h i b i t o r a v a i l a b i l i t y lnhAv) i s t h e r e f o r e g i v e n b y :

v = I r l O 0

w h e r e ,

Ca

= A c t u a l c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f c o r r o s i o n i n h i b i t o r ( p p m )

Cr

= R e q u i r e d c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f c o r r o s i o n i n h i b i t o r ( p p m )

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T h i s K P I w h e n d i r e c t l y c o r re l a t e d w i t h th e C o r r o s i o n C o s t K P I ( C c o r r ) p r o v i d e s a c l e a r i n d i c a t io n o f t h e c o

p e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e a s s e t , i .e . , it i d e n ti f ie s q u i t e c l e a r l y w h e r e e f f e c t i v e a c ti o n c a n b e t a k e n t o i m p r o v e p e r f o r m a n c

e x a m p l e , d a m a g e c o s t s a r e s e e n t o in c r e a s e . C o r r e l a ti o n o f t he c o s t o f d a m a g e a n d i n h i b i ti o n l e v e l K P I s s h o w s h o w

o f d a m a g e a n d i n h i b i t o r d o s a g e l e v e l c a n d e m o n s t r a t e t re n d s i n p e r f o r m a n c e . I t c a n b e s e e n f r o m t h e e x a m p l e s h

F i g u r e 1 , w h e r e e f f e c t i v e m e a s u r e s h a v e b e e n t a k e n t o r e d u c e t h e c o s t o f c o r r o s i o n a n d w h e r e c o r r o s i o n i n h i b it i o n le

n o t r e m a i n o p t i m i s e d , t h a t d a m a g e c o s t s i n c r e a s e .

K P I i n t e r p r e t a t i o n a s m a n a g e m e n t i n f o r m a t i o n

B y i d e n t i f y i n g d a m a g e , i n h i b i ti o n a n d m o n i t o r i n g c o s ts i t i s p o s s ib l e t o d i f f e r e n t ia t e b e t w e e n t h e c o s t s a r i s i n g f r o

t h r e e f a c to r s , i. e ., m e t a l l o s s v s m i t ig a t i o n a n d m o n i t o r i n g c o s t s a n d u s e t h e m t o m o n i t o r p e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e c

m a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m . A c l e a r t a r g e t o f z e r o c o r r o s i o n d a m a g e c o s t c a n t h e n b e u se d a s a b e n c h m a r k f o r t h e p e r f o r m

t h e s y s t e m o v e r t i m e , h o w e v e r th e i n c l u s io n o f i n h ib i t io n

(Cinh)

a n d m o n i t o r i n g c o s ts

(Cmon)

w i t h c o r r o s i o n d a m a

c a n b e u s e d t o p r o v i d e a n o v e r a l l i n d i c a t io n o f t h e c o r r o s i o n c o n t r o l p e r f o r m a n c e . T r e n d i n g o f p e r f o r m a n c e d u r i

opera t i ng l i f e can t hen p rov i de i n s i gh t t o t he cos t d r i ver s wi t h i n t he sys t em;

e . g ., t h e a n n u a l c o s t o f c o r r o s i o n ( C a n n ) c a n b e d e t e r m i n e d f r o m ,

w h e r e ,

C a n n = C c o r r + C i n h + C m o n

(

Cinh

= A n n u a l c o s t o f i n h i b it i o n (£ ) a n d m a y i n c l u d e c o s t s a r i s in g f r o m t h e p r o c u r e m e n t o f c h e m i c a l s , i n j e c t i o n

m a i n t e n a n c e a n d l o g is t ic s .

Croon

= A n n u a l c o s t o f m o n i t o r i n g ( £ ) a n d m a y i n c l u d e c o s t s a ri s in g f r o m e q u i p m e n t r e p l a c e m e n t , c o n s u m a b l e s

a n d r e p o r t i n g .

T h i s f a c i l i ta t e s m o n i t o r i n g o f th e o v e r a l l c o s t s o f th e c o r r o s i o n m a n a g e m e n t p r o g r a m a s i l l u st r a te d i n F i g u r e 2

i d e n t i f y i f i n c r e a s e i n e x p e n d i t u r e a g a i n s t p l a n i s o c c u r r i n g .

L i f e c y c l e c o s ts ( L c ) c a n b e o b t a i n e d f r o m ,

L c = N c × R c o s t + F L ( C i n h + C m o n )

(

T h i s f a c i l it a t e s f u tu r e e x p e n d i t u r e p l a n n i n g a n d i n d i c a te s w h e t h e r t h e c u r r e n t c o r r o s i o n m i t i g a t i o n m e a s u r e s a r

c o m p a r e d t o o t h e r a l t e r n a ti v e s .

C o m p l e t e d M a i n t e n a n c e K P I

T h i s K P I p r o v i d e s a m e a s u r e o f t h e r e l ia b i l it y o f t h e c o r r o s i o n m o n i t o r in g e q u i p m e n t a n d i s d e t e r m i n e d f r o m t h

m a i n t e n a n c e p e r f o r m a n c e i n r e p a i r in g e q u i p m e n t f a u l ts r e p o r t e d d u r i n g r o u ti n e c o r r o s i o n m o n i t o r i n g v i s it s . T h i s m e a

b e e n i m p l e m e n t e d s i n c e i t w a s r e c o g n i s e d t h a t e q u i p m e n t r e li a b i li t y is c r it i c a l t o t h e p e r f o r m a n c e o f c o r r o s i o n in

s y s t e m s a n d h e n c e i s a l s o a k e y c o s t d r i v e r. T h e i n d i c a t o r i s d e r i v e d f r o m a r a t io o f t h e n u m b e r o f m a i n t e n a n c e a c t i o

v e r s u s t h e n u m b e r o f a c ti o n s c o m p l e t e d i n a g i v e n m o n i t o r i n g p e r io d , e x p r e s s e d a s a p e r c e n t a g e . A l t h o u g h t h i s

c o n s i d e r e d a l a g g i n g i n d i c a t o r it c a n c l e a r l y a f f e c t t h e p e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e o t h e r in d i c a t o r s d i sc u s s e d . T h i s p r o v i d e

m e s s a g e t o t h e o p e r a t i o n s a n d m a i n t e n a n c e s t a f f o f th e n e e d t o k e e p t h e i n h i b i ti o n s y s t e m f u n c t i o n a l.

K P I c o m p l e t e d m a i n t e n a n c e i s t h e r e f o r e g i v e n b y ,

C o m p l e t e d M a i n t e n a n c e

= M a i n t e n a n c e A c t i o n s C o m p l e t e d x 1 0 0

(

M a i n t e n a n c e A c t i o n s R a i s e d

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T h e r e s u l ts t y p i c a l l y r e p r e s e n t th e p e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e m a i n t e n a n c e s y s t e m t h r o u g h o u t t h e p e r i o d a s s h o w n i n F

T h e o p t i m u m w o u l d b e t o c o m p l e t e a l l a c t i o n s h o w e v e r s o m e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o n t h e c r i t i c a l i t y o f i n d i v i d u a l a c t

g e n e r a l l y n e e d e d . I t i s a ls o t r u e t ha t t h e r e a s o n f o r a n e g a t i v e p e r f o r m a n c e t r e n d i n t h e o v e r a l l c o s t o f c o r r o s i o n K P I

f o u n d i n t h e c o m p l e t e d m a i n t e n a n c e K P I .

C O N C L U S I O N S

T h e u s e a n d r e p o r t i n g o f t h e s e K P I ' s h a s b r o u g h t a b o u t a c l e a r e r f o c u s o n th e p e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e c o r r o s i o n m a n a

s y s t e m a n d i n p a r t ic u l a r , t h e c o s t o f m a t e r ia l d e g r a d a t i o n . I d e n t i fi c a t io n o f t h e l e v e l s o f c o r r o s i o n i n h i b i to r i n t h e

c o m p a r e d w i t h t h e d e s i r e d l e v e l a l s o p r o v i d e s a m e t h o d o f m o n i t o r i n g t h e s y s t e m s e f f e c t i v e n e s s . C o r r e l a t i o n o

p e r f o r m a n c e i n d i c a t o r s m a k e s t h e e f f e c t o f ( i n ) e f f ic i e n t c o r r o s i o n i n h ib i ti o n c l e a r ly a p p a r e n t A n a d d i ti o n a l a s

m o n i t o r in g t h e e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f th e c o r r o s i o n m i t ig a t i o n r e g i m e h a s a l s o b e e n d e v i s e d t h r o u g h m o n i t o r i n g o f t h e e f f e c

o f t h e m a i n t e n a n c e o f t h e s y s t e m c o m p o n e n t s , t h u s h i g h l ig h t i n g t h e o p e r a t i o n a l n e e d t o k e e p t h e s y s t e m f u n c t i o n a l.

U s i n g t h e s e K P I ' s i t is n o w p o s s i b le t o s p e c i f i c a l l y a tt r ib u t e c o s t s a n d a m e a s u r e o f e f f i c i e n c y t o th e p e r f o r m a n c

cor ros ion mi t i ga t i on sys t em and hence es t ab l i sh how th i s r e f l ec t s on t he overa l l p ro f i t ab i l i t y o f t he asse t i n a way

cl ear l y under s tood by a l l i n t e res t ed par t i es .

2 5 0 0 0

2 0 0 0 0

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F I G U R E 1 - E x a m p l e o f C o r r o s i o n C o s t a n d I n h i b i t o r A v a i l a b i l it y K P I ' s d e m o n s t r a t i n g c o r r o s io n m a n a g e m e n t p e r f o

2 5 0 0 0

2 0 0 0 0 i

( ~ 1 0 0 0 0

0 o :

~ . C o s t o f c o r r o s i o n £ ) [ ] C o s t o f i n h i b it i o n £ ) • C o s t o f m o n i t o r i n g ]

F I G U R E 2 - E x a m p l e o f K P I c o s t f o r c o r r o s i o n m a n a g e m e n t p r o g r a m i n c l u d i n g in h i b i ti o n a n d m o n i t o r i n g c o s

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Actbns ConWetec

1 t

Q ~ O ~ ~ ~ ~

F I G U R E 3

Example of Maintenance actions completed KPI