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National Parks of India
Wildlife Sanctuaries of India
2011 Census of IndiaRules [Allen’s, Gloger’s, Jordan’s & Bergman’s]Bacterial Diseases
Abbreviation and Full formsDisorders of Humans (Physiology) (Questions)NTA [Out of NCERT Questions]
National Parks of India
Wildlife Sanctuaries of India
2011 Census of IndiaRules [Allen’s, Gloger’s, Jordan’s & Bergman’s]Bacterial Diseases
Abbreviation and Full formsDisorders of Humans (Physiology) (Questions)NTA [Out of NCERT Questions]
Some Interesting Plants
Branches of Biology
Fathers of Biology
Living Fossils
Some Important Days
Connecting Links
Analysis of Phosphodiester Bonds
Full Forms
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
TODAYS
TOPICS
National Parks of India
Wildlife Sanctuaries of India
National Parks of India
Wildlife Sanctuaries of India
Questions of BiomoleculesMenti Quiz (Biomolecules)
09
10
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Some Intersting Plants
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Smallest flower01
Wolffia
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Smallest dicot02
Arceuthobium
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Tallest angiosperm03
Eucalyptus
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Tallest gymnosperm04
Sequoia semperviens
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Smallest angiosperm05
Wolffia
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Smallest gymnosperm06
Zamia Pygmea
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Smallest pteridophyta07
Azolla
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Largest flower08
Rafflesia
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Largest leaves09
Victoria regia
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Plant producing largest
fruit10
Lodoicea
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Plant producing
smallest seed11
Orchids
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Plant with largest egg
cell and antherozoid12
Cycas
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Smallest cell13
Mycoplasma
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Largest plant cell14
Acetabularia
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Largest chromosome15
Trillium
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Largest number of
chromosomes16
Ophioglossum
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Minimum number of
chromosomes17
Haplopappus gracilis
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BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY
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Study of blood is called
'Haematology'.
01
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Study of frog is called
'Batrachology'.
02
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Study of whales &
dolphins is called
'Cetology'.
03
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Study of acquired
characters is called
'Ctetology'.
04
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Study of heart is called
'Cardiology'.
05
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Study of skulls is called
'Craniology'.
06
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Cultivation of plants for
their flower is called
'floriculture'.
07
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Study of earth is called
'Geology'.
08
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Study of liver is called
'Hepatology'.
09
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Study of human beauty
is called 'Kalology'.
10
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DISCOVERIES /
THEORIES
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Genetic code deciphered
by01
Nirenberg & Matthaei.
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Path of carbon in PHS
discovered by02
Melvin Calvin (1961).
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Chemiosmotic coupling
hypothesis for ATP formation
given by
03
Peter Mitchell
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C4 cycle in PHS
discovered by04
Hatch & slack
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Restriction endonuclease in
bacteria discovered by05
Arber, Smith & Nathans.
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First recombinant DNA
formed by06
Cohen & Boyer
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Ribozymes discovered
by07
Cech & Altmann
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HIV discovered by08
Luc Montagnier & Robert Gallo
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PCR developed by09
Kary Mullis
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'Dolly' clone (sheep)
developed by10
Ian Wilmut (1997) & Campbell
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Peripatus
Arthropoda
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01
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Limulus/King Crab
Arthropoda
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02
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Neopilina
Mollusca
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03
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Nautilus
Mollusca
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04
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Latimeria/Coelocanth fish
0
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05
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Sphenodon
Reptilia
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06
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Some Important Days
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22nd April
World Earth Day
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01
Date
Day
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31st May
World No Tobacco Day
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02
Date
Day
Page 52
5th June
World Environment Day
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03
Date
Day
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11th July
World Population Day
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04
Date
Day
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16th September
Ozone Day
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05
Date
Day
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7th April
World Health Day
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06
Date
Day
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01st December
World AIDS Day
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07
Date
Day
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01st July
Doctor’s Day
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08
Date
Day
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Plant and animal
Euglena
01
Organisms
Between
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Protozoa and Porifera
Proterospongia
02
Organisms
Between
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Coelentrates & platyhelminthes
Ctenophora
03
Organisms
Between
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Annelida & arthropoda
Peripatus
04
Organisms
Between
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Annelida & mollusca
Neopilina
05
Organisms
Between
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Non chordates & chordates
Balanoglossuss
06
Organisms
Between
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Chondrichthyes & osteichthyes
Chimera
07
Organisms
Between
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Osteichthyes and amphibians
Lung fishes
08
Organisms
Between
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Reptiles & mammal
Ornithorhynchus
09
Organisms
Between
(Duck-billed Platypus)
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Reptiles & mammals
Tachyglossus
10
Organisms
Between
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Reptiles and Birds.
Archaeopteryx
11
Organisms
Between
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Living and non living
Virus
12
Organisms
Between
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Analysis of phosphodiester
bonds
Page 72
Gangwar Institute wants
to thank
Himshiksha
Page 73
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How to calculate No. of
glycosidic bonds or
phosphodiester bonds.
01
Page 74
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° No. of glycosidic bonds/
sugar phosphate / N-Base
= no. of nucleotide (n)
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No. of phosphodiester bonds
ssDNA dsDNA
Linear(n – 1)
Linear(n – 2)
Circular(n)
Circular(n)
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How many phosphodiester
bonds are present in a linear
DNA with 5000 base pairs?
02
Page 77
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Base pairs = dsDNA
5000 bp = 5000X2 = 10,000 base
No. of phosphodiester bond = (n-2)
= 10,000 – 2 = 9998.
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How many phosphodiester
bonds are present in bacterial
DNA with 5000 base pairs
03
Page 79
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Bacterial DNA = circular as dNA
5000 bp = 10,000 bases
No. of phosphodiester bond = n
= 10,000 bonds
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° Organs which were functional in ancestors but now thesebecome non-functional called vestigial organs.
1. Vermiform appendix2. Muscles of pinna or ear (auricular muscles)3. Segmental muscles of abdomen (abdominal muscles)4. Third molars (wisdom teeth)5. Hairs on body6. Nictitating membrane (Plica semilunaris)7. Coccyx or tail vertebrae.