Institute Institute for for Microbiology, Medical Faculty of Microbiology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University Masaryk University and St. Anna Faculty Hospital and St. Anna Faculty Hospital in Brno in Brno Miroslav Votava, Vladana Woznicová Miroslav Votava, Vladana Woznicová MICROBIOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND MEDICINE AND MEDICINE February 1 February 1 6 6 , 200 , 200 9 9
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InstituteInstitute for for Microbiology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University Microbiology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University and St. Anna Faculty Hospitaland St. Anna Faculty Hospital in Brno in Brno
Miroslav Votava, Vladana WoznicováMiroslav Votava, Vladana Woznicová
MICROBIOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND MEDICINEAND MEDICINE
February 1February 166, 200, 20099
What is the Medical Microbiology?What is the Medical Microbiology?
Medical microbiology Medical microbiology = complex of sciences = complex of sciences about microorganisms (about microorganisms (microbesmicrobes)) that are of that are of significance in medicinesignificance in medicine
Therefore, Therefore, medical microbiology medical microbiology deals with:deals with:a)a) microbes called microbes called pathogenicpathogenic which cause which cause
diseases of man or animalsdiseases of man or animalsb)b) microbes which form so called microbes which form so called normal normal
microflora microflora of human beings and animalsof human beings and animalsc)c) mutual relationships between mutual relationships between microbes andmicrobes and
their their hosthostd)d) relations between the relations between the microbes and themicrobes and the
environmentenvironment
Different kinds of microbiologyDifferent kinds of microbiologyActually, there are two kinds ofActually, there are two kinds of medical medical microbiology: microbiology: human human
and veterinary and veterinary oneoneBut most oftenBut most often medical microbiology medical microbiology is considered as a is considered as a
science about microbes important for human medicine science about microbes important for human medicine onlyonly
A part of medical microbiology which deals with the etiology, A part of medical microbiology which deals with the etiology, pathogenesis and diagnostics of diseases caused by pathogenesis and diagnostics of diseases caused by microbesmicrobes is calledis called clinical microbiologyclinical microbiology
Besides medical microbiology, there are:Besides medical microbiology, there are:Sanitary Sanitary microbiologymicrobiologyEnvironmental Environmental microbiology (of soil, water, plants etc.)microbiology (of soil, water, plants etc.)Food Food microbiologymicrobiology Other kinds of Other kinds of industrial industrial microbiology microbiology
What should we know about the What should we know about the microbe microbe X X ? – I? – I
1. 1. Classification, morphology, structureClassification, morphology, structure Is it a bacterium, a yeast, or a protozoon?Is it a bacterium, a yeast, or a protozoon?Bacterium: is it G+, G-, or does it stain Bacterium: is it G+, G-, or does it stain differently?differently?Is it a coccus, rod, filament, spiral?Is it a coccus, rod, filament, spiral?How are they arranged? In pairs, chains, clumps, How are they arranged? In pairs, chains, clumps, palisades?palisades?Do they produce spores, capsules, granules?Do they produce spores, capsules, granules?
2. 2. Physiology, biochemistry, genetics, tenacityPhysiology, biochemistry, genetics, tenacityIs it an anaerobe? Is it an anaerobe? Has it got any important biochemical property?Has it got any important biochemical property?Is it interesting from the point of genetics? Is it interesting from the point of genetics? Is it tenacious, or delicate?Is it tenacious, or delicate?
What should we know about the What should we know about the microbe microbe X X ? – II ? – II
3. 3. Antigenic structureAntigenic structureDoes the microbe exist in one or several antigenic types?Does the microbe exist in one or several antigenic types?
4. 4. PathogenicityPathogenicityWhich disease or syndromes does it cause?Which disease or syndromes does it cause?What are their Latin names?What are their Latin names?
5. 5. PathogenesisPathogenesisWhat is the port of entry, dissemination through the body, What is the port of entry, dissemination through the body, excretion from it?excretion from it?How do the symptoms develop?How do the symptoms develop?What are the main factors of pathogenicity?What are the main factors of pathogenicity?
6.6. ImmunityImmunityDoes it form at all?Does it form at all?Transient, or lifelong? Humoral, or cellular one?Transient, or lifelong? Humoral, or cellular one?
What should we know about the What should we know about the microbe microbe X X ? – III ? – III
7.7. EpidemiologyEpidemiologySource of infection: man, animal, environment?Source of infection: man, animal, environment?Way of transmission?Way of transmission?
8.8. Prevention or prophylaxisPrevention or prophylaxisDo we vaccinate, or do we immunize passively?Do we vaccinate, or do we immunize passively?Type of vaccine: attenuated, inactivated, Type of vaccine: attenuated, inactivated, toxoid?toxoid?
9. 9. TherapyTherapyWhat is the drug of choice?What is the drug of choice?If an antibiotic, which one?If an antibiotic, which one?
What should we know about the What should we know about the microbe microbe X X ? – IV? – IV
Detection of the microbeDetection of the microbe – direct or indirect one? – direct or indirect one? • If the If the direct direct one, what sample is taken fromone, what sample is taken from
the patient?the patient? How is it examined?How is it examined? If by culture, is a special medium needed?If by culture, is a special medium needed? How is the isolated strain identified?How is the isolated strain identified?
• If the If the indirect indirect one, is a special serologic reactionone, is a special serologic reaction needed?needed? What is considered to be the positive result?What is considered to be the positive result?
AnniversariesAnniversaries 2009 – I 2009 – I335335 1674 1674 ProtozoaProtozoa first seen by van Leeuwenhoek first seen by van Leeuwenhoek
260260 1749 * Edward 1749 * Edward JennerJenner, founder of , founder of vaccinationvaccination
against smallpoxagainst smallpox
145 145 1864 1864 PasteurPasteur discovered that wine is spoiled by discovered that wine is spoiled by