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Peter Van Geit
www.ChennaiTrekkers.org
March 2011
http://www.chennaitrekkers.org/http://www.chennaitrekkers.org/8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Contents
Trekking in South India
Topographic maps
Sources of India maps
GPS Global Positioning System
Trail mapping tools
Geo-referencing maps Overlaying maps, trails
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Trekking near Chennai
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Trekking in South India
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Topographic maps, contour lines
A contour line (also isoline or isarithm)of a function of two variables isa curve along which the function has aconstant value.[1] In cartography, acontour line (often just called a "contour")
joins points of equal elevation (height)above a given level, such as mean sealevel.[2] A contour map is map illustratedwith contour lines, for examplea topographic map, which thus showsvalleys and hills, and the steepness ofslopes.[3] The contour interval of acontour map is the difference in elevationbetween successive contour lines.[4
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_(mathematics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_sea_levelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_sea_levelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographic_maphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographic_maphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_sea_levelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_sea_levelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_(mathematics)8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Topographic maps
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Identifying peaks
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Identifyingvalleys, streams
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Identifyingside-streams
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Identifyingridges
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Vegetation density
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Access Roads
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Earth 3D view - North
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Earth 3D view - East
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Drainingarea of a stream
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Creating trails, terrain detail
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Sources of India topomaps
Google Maps 1:25K
Google Earth
Wikimapia
Survey of India 1:50K, 1:25K
AMS (US Army) topomaps 1:250K
Russian topomaps - 1:200K
NASA ASTER DEM 1:100K
Openstreet maps
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Survey ofIndia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Survey of India
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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US Army Map Service
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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US Army Map Service
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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US Army Map Service
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Gadidaipenta
guest house
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Russian Army Maps
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Russian Army Maps
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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British fort Tada
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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NASA ASTER DEM 1:100K(Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Digital Elevation Model)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Wikimapia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Openstreet maps
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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GPS Global Positioning System
Constellation of 30 satellites at height of11.000 miles
Developed by the United States
Department of Defense (DOD)
GPS can provide any point on earth witha unique address (its precise location)
Position is identified as latitude,longitude, altitude
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Fixing your location
Requires clear view to 3 satellites (4 ifelevation is needed)
Triangulates position using relative
position to 3 or more referencesSummary of satellites[9]
BlockLaunchPeriod
Satellite launchesCurrently in
orbitand healthy
Suc-cess
Fail-ure
In prep-aration
Plan-ned
I 19781985 10 1 0 0 0
II 19891990 9 0 0 0 0
IIA 19901997 19 0 0 011 of the 19launched
IIR 19972004 12 1 0 012 of the 13launched
IIR-M 20052009 8 0 0 07 of the 8launched
IIF 20102011 0 0 10 0 0
IIIA 2014? 0 0 0 12 0
IIIB 0 0 0 8 0IIIC 0 0 0 16 0
Total 58 2 10 36 30
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Latitude, longitude
Earth perimeter
40.000 km
1 nautical mile = 1852 m
21598 miles
360 degrees
1 degree = 60 miles
1 minute = 1 mile 1 second = 31 meters
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Latitude, longitude
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Garmin GPSMap 60CSx
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Satellite Screen
Shows visible satellites
Satellite lock andsignal strength
Shows position andaccuracy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Map screen
Shows build-in topomapwith POI-s
Shows current location
and direction User can mark
waypoints
Logs trail atpre-setfrequency
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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GPX GPS data exchange format
34.733154
Falls
08-MAR-09 12:46:22AM
08-MAR-09 12:46:22AM
Flag, Blue
My first trail
114.534180
2009-03-08T02:37:50Z
110.688843
2009-03-08T02:38:05Z
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Profile screen
Shows altitude profile oftrail
Increase or decrease in
altitude per unit ofdistance or time alongtraversed trail
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Compass screen
Electronic compass
Shows direction ofmovement and angle
to target Indicates time and
distance to target
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Misc
Daylight - sunrise,sunset
Phase of moon,
moonrise, moonset Assists in planning till
overnight campsite
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Exporting GPS trails
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Gpsvisualizer.com
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Overlaying GPS trails
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Overlaying GPS trails
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Overlaying GPS trails
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Altitude profile
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Geo-referencing maps
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Geo-referencing maps
OziExplorer Map Data File Version 2.2
200k--d44-20.gif
G:\DATA HOME\MAPPING\map data\HIMALAYAS\TOPOMAPS RU\200k--d44-20.gif
1 ,Map Code,
Pulkovo 1942 (2),WGS 84, 0.0000, 0.0000,WGS 84
Magnetic Variation,,,E
MapProjection,Latitude/Longitude,PolyCal,No,AutoCalOnly,No,BSBUseWPX,NoPoint01,xy, 90, 85,in, deg, 14, 0.0000,N, 79, 0.0000,E, grid, , , ,N
Point02,xy, 4361, 86,in, deg, 14, 0.0000,N, 80, 0.0000,E, grid, , , ,N Point03,xy, 4361, 2990,in, deg, 13, 20.0000,N, 80, 0.0000,E, grid, , , ,N
Point04,xy, 89, 2990,in, deg, 13, 20.0000,N, 79, 0.0000,E, grid, , , ,N
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Geo-referencing maps
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Geo-referencing Google Maps
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Geo-referencing maps
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Overlaying maps & trails
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Overlaying maps & data
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Overlaying maps Google Earth
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Overlaying maps Google Earth
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line8/2/2019 01 Maps Navigation GPS
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Geo-tagging photos
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line