Mapúa School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry eral chemistry part I INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY chemistry: a central science branches of chemistry states of matter classification of matter properties of matter changes in matter measurements dimensional analysis
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Mapúa
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry general chemistry part I
INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY
chemistry: a central science branches of chemistry states of matter classification of matter properties of matter changes in matter measurements dimensional analysis
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry: A
Central
Science
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry:
The Central
Science
• Branches of
Chemistry
• States of
Matter
• Classification
of Matter
• Properties of
Matter
• Changes in
Matter
• Measurements
• Dimensional
Analysis
2
Chemistry: The Central Science Chemistry
composition, properties and behavior of matter
changes matter undergo energy associated with the changes
Matter anything that occupies space and
has mass
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry: A
Central
Science
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry:
The Central
Science
• Branches of
Chemistry
• States of
Matter
• Classification
of Matter
• Properties of
Matter
• Changes in
Matter
• Measurements
• Dimensional
Analysis
3
Branches of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry
the elements and their compounds (except carbon compounds)
Organic Chemistry substances containing carbon
Physical Chemistry scientific laws and quantitative relations governing the
transformation of matter Biochemistry
composition of substances that make up living things and the chemical processes that take place in plants and animals
Analytical Chemistry identity and composition of matter and the relative amounts
that compose a particular substance Industrial Chemistry
chemical changes that take place in industrial processes Nuclear Chemistry
changes in the atomic nucleus
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry: A
Central
Science
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry:
The Central
Science
• Branches of
Chemistry
• States of
Matter
• Classification
of Matter
• Properties of
Matter
• Changes in
Matter
• Measurements
• Dimensional
Analysis
4
States of Matter
Free motionSlide past one another freely
Vibrate about fixed positions
Motion of molecules
Compressible
Slightly compressible
Incompressible
Compressibility
LowHighHighDensityNot definiteNot definiteDefiniteShape
GASLIQUIDSOLIDNot definiteDefiniteDefiniteVolume
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry: A
Central
Science
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry:
The Central
Science
• Branches of
Chemistry
• States of
Matter
• Classification
of Matter
• Properties of
Matter
• Changes in
Matter
• Measurements
• Dimensional
Analysis
5
States of Matter
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry: A
Central
Science
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry:
The Central
Science
• Branches of
Chemistry
• States of
Matter
• Classification
of Matter
• Properties of
Matter
• Changes in
Matter
• Measurements
• Dimensional
Analysis
6
Classification of MatterMATTER
Pure Substances Mixtures
HomogeneousElements Compounds Heterogeneous
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry: A
Central
Science
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry:
The Central
Science
• Branches of
Chemistry
• States of
Matter
• Classification
of Matter
• Properties of
Matter
• Changes in
Matter
• Measurements
• Dimensional
Analysis
7
Classification of Matter Substance
has a definite composition and distinct properties H2O, Mg, NaCl
Mixture combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities
gravel and sand, salt solution
Element cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means
Mg, O, H Compound
composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions H2O, NaCl
Homogeneous Mixture composed of only one phase
air, salt solution Heterogeneous Mixture
composed of two or more phases gravel and sand
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry: A
Central
Science
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry:
The Central
Science
• Branches of
Chemistry
• States of
Matter
• Classification
of Matter
• Properties of
Matter
• Changes in
Matter
• Measurements
• Dimensional
Analysis
8
Classification of Matter1_15
Matter(materials)
Substances Mixtures
Elements CompoundsHomogeneous
mixtures(solutions)
Heterogeneousmixtures
Physical processes
Chemical
reactions
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry: A
Central
Science
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry:
The Central
Science
• Branches of
Chemistry
• States of
Matter
• Classification
of Matter
• Properties of
Matter
• Changes in
Matter
• Measurements
• Dimensional
Analysis
9
Classification of Matter Most abundant elements
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry: A
Central
Science
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry:
The Central
Science
• Branches of
Chemistry
• States of
Matter
• Classification
of Matter
• Properties of
Matter
• Changes in
Matter
• Measurements
• Dimensional
Analysis
10
Properties of Matter Extrinsic / Extensive Properties
do not belong to the nature of the material but depends on the amount of material present size, length, width, volume, mass
Intrinsic Properties characteristic of the sample regardless of its shape
and size color, temperature, taste
Physical Properties can be expressed by using definite numbers and
senses color, density
Chemical Properties associated with the tendency of a substance to
change either alone or by interaction with other substances burning alcohol, rusting of iron
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry: A
Central
Science
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry:
The Central
Science
• Branches of
Chemistry
• States of
Matter
• Classification
of Matter
• Properties of
Matter
• Changes in
Matter
• Measurements
• Dimensional
Analysis
11
Changes in Matter Physical Changes
take place without modifying the chemical composition of matter
Chemical Change involve alteration of the chemical composition of
matter
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry: A
Central
Science
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry:
The Central
Science
• Branches of
Chemistry
• States of
Matter
• Classification
of Matter
• Properties of
Matter
• Changes in
Matter
• Measurements
• Dimensional
Analysis
12
MeasurementsS.I. UnitsLength Meter mMass Kilogram kg Time Second s Temperature Kelvin KQuantity Mole 6.022 x 1023
mol-1Derived UnitsForce Newton kg m s-2
Pressure Pascal kg m-1 s-2
Energy Joule kg m2 s-2 Other Common UnitsLength Angstrom, Å 10-8 cmVolume Liter, L 10-3 m3
Energy Calorie, cal 4.184 JPressure Atm 1.064 x 102 kPa
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry: A
Central
Science
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry:
The Central
Science
• Branches of
Chemistry
• States of
Matter
• Classification
of Matter
• Properties of
Matter
• Changes in
Matter
• Measurements
• Dimensional
Analysis
13
Measurements SI Units
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry: A
Central
Science
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry:
The Central
Science
• Branches of
Chemistry
• States of
Matter
• Classification
of Matter
• Properties of
Matter
• Changes in
Matter
• Measurements
• Dimensional
Analysis
14
Measurements Length
Mass
Volume
Density
1 kg = 2.2046 lb
1 mL = 1 cm3
vm
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry: A
Central
Science
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry:
The Central
Science
• Branches of
Chemistry
• States of
Matter
• Classification
of Matter
• Properties of
Matter
• Changes in
Matter
• Measurements
• Dimensional
Analysis
15
Measurements Temperature
32-F95C 32C
59F
K = C + 273
R = F + 460
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry: A
Central
Science
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry
Mapúa
OUTLINE• Chemistry:
The Central
Science
• Branches of
Chemistry
• States of
Matter
• Classification
of Matter
• Properties of
Matter
• Changes in
Matter
• Measurements
• Dimensional
Analysis
16
Dimensional Analysis Method of calculation utilizing a
knowledge of units. Given units can be multiplied or
divided to give the desired units. Conversion factors are used to
manipulate units.
unit givenunit desiredfactor Conversion
Mapúa
School ofChemical Engineering
and Chemistry general chemistry part I
INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY
chemistry: a central science branches of chemistry states of matter classification of matter properties of matter changes in matter measurements dimensional analysis
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