Page 1
Eco-systems of agricultural landscapesand sustainable land use: Livestock systems
01 - Introduction - 3
Livestock Economics
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
Livestock Economics
Page 2
Species Numbers (million) Biomass (million t)
Cattle & Buffalo 1 496 512
Sheep 1 065 40
Goats 780 27
Camelids 24 8.5
Equines 118 42
Numbers and biomass of domestic animals and humans
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
Equines 118 42
Pigs 936 93
Poultry 17 437 33
Humans 6 800 374
Total 755.5
Data Source: FAO 2011 & Author’s calculations
Page 3
Why do we keep livestock?
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
Page 4
Large quantity but lowdensity of nutrients innatural and agriculturalecosystems
collected by livestock
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
collected by livestock and converted into
small quantity of high nutrientdensity human food
Page 5
In addition livestock provide
non-food commodities fibres, feathers, hides, skins, horn, bones,manure
services traction, transport,
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
subsistence needsor/and generate income
services traction, transport, riding,leisure activities
Page 6
socio-economic functions
Furthermore livestock have
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
Page 7
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
Page 8
socio-cultural and religious significance
and livestock have
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
Page 9
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
Page 10
� value adding
� internal expansion
� mobilising production reserves
� enhancing soil fertility
Livestock assist stabilising of cropping systems by
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
� enhancing soil fertility
� nutrient recycling
� energy recovery
Page 11
Contribution of livestock to total agricultural GDP
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
Source: World Bank 2010
Page 12
Livestock provide 40 to 60 % of the agricultural GDP worldwide and contribute to
� Risk reduction
� Market integration
� Savings function
� Off-farm income
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
� Off-farm income
� Social coherence� Cultural and religious concerns
Page 13
World map representing the true land area by country
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
Source: http://www.worldmapper.org/ (Map 1)
Page 14
World map representing the human population size by country
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
Source: http://www.worldmapper.org/ (Map 2)
Page 15
World map representing annual dairy exports* by country
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
Total Land Area
Source: http://www.worldmapper.org/ (Map 45)
* annual US$ worth of net dairy exports per person living in that territory
Page 16
World map representing annual dairy imports* by country
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
Total Land Area
Source: http://www.worldmapper.org/ (Map 46)
* annual US$ worth of net dairy imports per person living in that territory
Page 17
References:
FAO 2006: Livestock's long shadow: environmental issues and options.Steinfeld, H.; Gerber, P.; Wassenaar, T.; Castel, V.; Rosales, M.; de Haan, C.FAO, Rome (Italy). Livestock, Environment and Development InitiativeFAO/LEAD Rome (2006) ISBN 978-92-5-105571-7
http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/a0701e/a0701e00.htm
http://www.worldmapper.org/index.html
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz