01 Intro to the Cell

8/3/2019 01 Intro to the Cell

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Leeuwenhoek 1670s While I was talking to an old man (who leads a sober life, andnever drinks brandy or tobacco, and very seldom any wine), my

eye fell upon his teeth, which were all coated over; so I asked

him when he had last cleaned his mouth? And I got for answer

that he'd never washed his mouth in all his life.

I took some of the matter that was lodged between and againsthis teeth, and ... I also found an unbelieveably great company of

living animalcules, a-swimming more nimbly than any I had ever

seen up to this time. The biggest sort (whereof there were a

great plenty) bent their body into curves in going forwards, as in

Fig. G. Moreover, the other animalcules were in such enormour

numbers, that all the water seemed to be alive. (1683)

moving "forward with a snakelike motion of the tail

he had not obtained the sample by "any sinful contrivance" but

that his "observations were made upon the excess with which

Nature provided [him] in [his] conjugal relations".


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Cell Theory (1839)1. All living organisms are composed of

one or more cells.

2. The cell is the structural unit of life.

3. Omnis cellula e cellula

(1855)

Who are responsible for stating the tenets of the cell theory?


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1. Cells are highly complex &

organized


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2. Cells possess a genetic program and

the means to use it.


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3. Cells are capable of producing more

of themselves


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4. Cells acquire and utilize energy.


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5. Cells carry out a variety of chemical

reactions


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6. Cells engage in mechanical

activities


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7. Cells are able to respond to stimuli


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8. Cells are capable of self-regulation


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9. Cells EVOLVE

How did life evolve from this common ancestor cell?


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Origin of Eukaryotic Cells:

What evidence suggests

that organisms are

derived from a common

ancestor?


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nucleus

Mitochondrion

resembles aerobic

bacteria

photosynthetic organelle that

resembles a cyanobacterium

Cyanophora paradoxa


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Compare Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells


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Bacteria Archaea Protists Plants Fungi Animals

PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES


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Bacteria Archaea Eukarya


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Viruses

e Lysis of host cell is induced; infectious


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a Virus particle injects genetic materialinto a suitable host cell after bindingto its wall.

e Lysis of host cell is induced; infectiousparticles escape.

d The coats get tail fibers,other parts.

c Viral proteins are assembled intocoats around viral DNA.

b Viral DNA directs host cell tomake viral proteins andreplicate viral DNA.

LyticPathway

a-1 Viral DNA is integrated intothe hosts chromosome.

a-4 Viral DNA is excised fromthe chromosome.

a-2 Before prokaryotic fission, the

bacterial chromosome with theintegrated viral DNA is replicated.

a-3 After cell division, each daughter cell

will have recombinant DNA.

LysogenicPathway


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Model Organisms


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eukaryotes vs. prokaryotes (genome size):

gene number

non-coding DNA


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Mutation Analysis


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genomics

01 Intro to the Cell

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