Dr. Xiyun Dr. Xiyun Deng Deng ( ( 邓邓邓 邓邓邓 ) ) Dept. of Pathology Dept. of Pathology Medical College Medical College Hunan Normal University Hunan Normal University ( ( 邓邓邓邓邓邓邓邓邓邓邓邓邓邓邓 邓邓邓邓邓邓邓邓邓邓邓邓邓邓邓 ) ) 1 Pathophysiology Pathophysiology 邓邓邓邓邓邓 () 邓邓邓邓邓邓 ()
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Dr. Xiyun Dr. Xiyun DengDeng ( ( 邓锡云邓锡云 ))
Dept. of PathologyDept. of Pathology
Medical CollegeMedical College
Hunan Normal UniversityHunan Normal University
(( 湖南师范大学医学院病理学教研室湖南师范大学医学院病理学教研室 )) 1
PathophysiologyPathophysiology(病理生理学)(病理生理学)
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Overview of Overview of PathophysiologyPathophysiology
Concept of PathophysiologyConcept of Pathophysiology
Brief history of PathophysiologyBrief history of Pathophysiology
Methods of Pathophysiology researchMethods of Pathophysiology research
Pathophysiology ≠ Pathology + Physiology
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology
Physiology
Physiology
Disease
Normal PathologyPathology
Function & Metabolis
m
Morphology
(Structure)
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology
Definition: The discipline that describes the changes of the function and metabolism of the disease and the mechanisms involved.
Task: To reveal the nature of the disease and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of disease.
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology
PhysiologyPhysiology
Different Subjects
Normal Subjects Diseased Subjects
PathologyPathology
Different Viewpoints
Function & Metabolism
Morphology
Is a bridge between basic medical sciences and clinical medical sciences.
Concept of health and diseaseConcept of health and disease
Etiology of diseaseEtiology of disease
Pathogenesis of diseasePathogenesis of disease
Outcome of diseaseOutcome of disease
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Health (Classic Concept)Health (Classic Concept)
The state of the organism when it functions optimally without evidence of disease.
Health (WHO definition)Health (WHO definition)
Health indicates not only without any evidence of disease, but also a state of complete well-being physically, psychologically and socially.
Concept of Disease (Dis + ease)
An abnormal life process involving physical, mental and social problems which is induced by imbalance of homeostasis under the action of certain causes.
Diseases are manifested by a series of symptoms and signs.
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Symptom ( 症状 )
An abnormal feeling noticed by a patient.(headache, stomachache, fever, cough…)
Sign ( 体征 )
An objective indication of some medical fact or characteristic that may be detected by a physician.(body temperature, respiration, pulse, blood pressure…)
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Sub-Health (亚健康)(Sub-optimal Health Status, SHS)
A situation in which the person does not show A situation in which the person does not show specific symptoms or signs, but lives a low-quality of specific symptoms or signs, but lives a low-quality of life both physically and mentally. life both physically and mentally.
SociallySocially Bad human relations, lonely Bad human relations, lonely
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Sub-healthSub-health
HealthHealth DiseaseDisease
Relationship AmongRelationship AmongDifferent Health/Disease StatesDifferent Health/Disease States
Health
Disease
Sub-health
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Conspectus of DiseaseConspectus of Disease
Concept of health and diseaseConcept of health and disease
Etiology of diseaseEtiology of disease
Pathogenesis of diseasePathogenesis of disease
Outcome of diseaseOutcome of disease
2. Etiology
( 病因学 )The study of the many factors (causes and conditions) coming together to cause a disease.
Classifications:Causative factorsConditions
•Predisposing factors •Risk factors
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2.1 Causative Factors (原因 )
Extrinsic causesBiological
Chemical
Physical
Nutritional
Intrinsic causesGenetic
Congenital
Immunological
Psychological
A cause of a disease is an event that precedes the disease in a disease cause chain. Without this event, the disease either would not have occurred at all or would occur at a later time.
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1) Biological AgentsMicroorganisms and parasites ( 病原微生物和寄生虫 )
Vitamin A night blindness ( 夜盲症)Vitamin B1 beriberi ( 脚气病 )
Vitamin B3 pellagra ( 糙皮病 )
Vitamin C scurvy ( 坏血病 )
Vitamin D rickets ( 佝偻病 )
Vitamin K impaired coagulation ( 凝血病 )
Iron deficiency anemia ( 贫血 )
High lipids & carbohydrates obesity, atherosclerosis, diabetes
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2.1 Causative FactorsExtrinsic causes
Biological
Chemical
Physical
Nutritional
Intrinsic causesGenetic
Congenital
Immunological
Psychological 26
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Genetic factors
*Alterations in genetic materials Gene mutation Chromosomal aberration
Hereditary factors
Genetic Factors
Hemoglobin gene mutation Sickle-cell anemia
Factor VIII deficiency Hemophilia
Photopigments genes missing or damagedColor blindness
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Congenital FactorsCongenital Factors
Congenital heart defectCongenital heart defect
Congenital limb defectCongenital limb defect
A congenital disorder, or congenital disease, is a A congenital disorder, or congenital disease, is a condition existing at condition existing at birth or during the first month or during the first month of life (of life (neonatal disease). disease).
3.1.1 Disruption of Homeostasis3.1.1 Disruption of HomeostasisWhat is homeostasis?What is homeostasis?Homeostasis (Homeostasis (homeohomeo = similar; = similar; stasisstasis = standing still) = standing still) refers to the process whereby the internal environment refers to the process whereby the internal environment tends to remain balanced and stable, which is required tends to remain balanced and stable, which is required for optimal functioning of the organism. for optimal functioning of the organism.