Basics of Public Policy M. E. CIVIL (II) TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING SEMESTER – III Prof. Bhasker V. Bhatt Civil Engineering Department SCET, Surat Politics & Public Policy Planning (2734804) Major Elective IV Basics of Public Policy by Bhasker V. Bhatt is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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Basics of Public Policy
M . E . C I V I L ( I I ) T O W N A N D C O U N T R Y P L A N N I N G
S E M E S T E R – I I I
Prof. Bhasker V. Bhatt
Civil Engineering Department
SCET, Surat
Politics & Public Policy Planning (2734804)
Major Elective IV
Basics of Public Policy by Bhasker V. Bhatt is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-
The governing policy within a community as embodied in its legislative and judicial enactments which serve as a basis for determining what acts are to be regarded as contrary to the public good
A public policy is simply what government (any public official who influences or determines public policy, including school officials, city council members, county supervisors, etc.) does or does not do about a problem that comes before them for consideration and possible action.
Requires much more analysis for reinventing theories and introducing new concepts in public management
Wisdom follows knowledge which brings great humility
Origin of public policy can be traced back to the beginnings of civilization itself.
Objective Empirical and Normative Truths
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Harold Lasswell stands out as the preeminent moving spirit behind the movement in policy sciences. Famous work “Policy orientation” 1951
Since then, the articulation and subsequent practice of policy sciences have been entirely dependent on
Complex interaction of social scientists and
Socio-political events
Theoretical scope and applicability expanded in 1970 throughout 1980
By 1990, partial reformation in policy sciences approach observed
Policy Sciences
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The disciplines concerned with explaining the policy making and policy executing processand with locating data and providing interpretations which are relevant to the policy problems of a given period
Laswell’s vision on policy sciences was: Multidisciplinary cuts across existing specializations
Contextual and problem-oriented intelligence needs (problems are generally unsolved because of their complex and changing nature)
Explicitly normative
Two approach division
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Policy analysis
Applied activity – contribution to solution of social problems
Concerned with knowledge in and for the policy process
Policy process
Concerned with knowledge about the formation and implementation of public policy
Government Expenditures
Government’s intervention expanded into every area of
Economy
Society
Culture
The capacity of the government
To directly produce and supply services
To manage financial transfers and subsidies and
To enforce laws
has become increasingly inadequate
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Government Expenditures
Public resources are, by definition scarce and costly(in terms of opportunity cost and distortions)
It is essential to use the government’s financial and administrative resources, where they can make the biggest difference to social welfare…
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Government Expenditures
According to the original theory of planning the
emphasis of government expenditure should be on
areas where the gap between social and private
returns are highest and where market externalities
need to be corrected.
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Government Expenditures
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Future programs, projects and other expendituresshould be separated into economically meaningful categories and sub-categories that bear some relationship to these economically sound principles…
Integrated programs can then be built under these thematic categories in sectors where they are applicable…
Public Vs. Private Goods & Services
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Private goods and services are those that are provided to individuals or specific households…
Public goods & services are provided to groups (e.g. connecting and village/urban roads) and individual usage is difficult or costly to measure …
Quasi-public goods
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Quasi-public goods fall in between
In that part, the benefits can be tracked to individuals,
but part is more diffuse and may even accrue to future
generations or to a wholly different group in another
form.
Public Goods - General
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Knowledge generation and dissemination. Diffusion of agriculture & allied technology: HYV seeds, re-planting, fish
Regulatory Systems, Standards and Certification: Establishment, maintenance, enforcement. Health and Safety Standards for products & services, Environmental
standards for producers: Dissemination, diffusion and enforcement. Development of Standards & Curricula, Testing & certification systems
for education & skill development
National statistical system: Macro data collection and statistics. Sector and industry specific data.
Pollution & Environment (Negative externality/Public Bads): Water, Air pollution