01 ashwini-life science

LIFE SCIENCES ASHWINI PART-01

EXTRACTS FROM SSS GLOBAL AND OTHER SITES

2014

Krishna Rao Khanapur

5/1/2014

Page 1 of 92

1. WHY PLANTAIN FRUIT…………………………………………………….PAGE 1

2. WORRYING PARENTS………………………………………………………PAGE 1

3. VISIT TO TEMPLES…………………………………… …………………… PAGE 5

4. SECRETS OF LIFE………………………………… ………………………… PAGE 7

5. JOKES 2012………………………………………… …………………………..PAGE 7

6. INDIAN MILLIONAIRES…………………………………………………….PAGE 10

7. HYDERABAD NAMES……………………… ……………………………… PAGE 14

8. HOW PRAANA LEAVES THE BODY…………………………………….PAGE 17

9. HINDUISM……………………………………… ……………………………… .PAGE 18

10. HINDU RITUALS……………………………… …………………… ……… PAGE 21

11. HINDU MYTHOLOGY………………………………………………………….PAGE 42

12. COFFEE ORIGIN………………………………………………………………….PAGE 42

13. CANADA MEDICALS………………………………… ……………………….PAGE 44

14. BENEFITS OF BASMATHI RICE……………… ………………………….PAGE 50

15. 1000 PROVERBS……………………………………… ……………………….PAGE 53

16. 100 INCREDIBLE PARTS OF HUMAN BODY ……………………… PAGE 76

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1. Why plantain fruit is preferred for puja?

In Bengal there is custom of establishing ghata (kalasha)

Before any puja and katali kola (a type of banana) is

Preferred as Prasad in any puja. Other fruit in Hindu dharma

is coconut.

My brother subbu has illustrated as why coconut and

banana is preferred as offering for God, in Tamil beautifully,

the gist of it I am giving in English:

If you eat any fruit and throw its seed, it takes rebirth. If you

eat banana and throw it’s remain. It does not grow back as

tree. The simple analogy is that banana tree grows from its

root only and no seed are there.

Similar is the case of coconut. If we eat

coconut by making a hole in it and throw the shell it will not

grow in to tree. The coconut as a whole is to be burying in

earth, than only it will grow in to tree. What best can be

offering to the God. It is not ucchista offering to the god.

Both offering symbolise that it cannot have rebirth. What

else can be best offering to God? This symbolic gesture is

the inherent prayer to lord that we should get boon not to

have punarapi jananam punarapi maranam (Rebirth)

M S Subbulakshmi: Bhaja Govindam (w. Eng. subtitles)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4FUQxn4CnY

cnu.pne

2. Worrying Parents

How Long Do You Worry

About Your Children?

Is there an imaginary cut off period when

Offspring become accountable

for their own actions?

Is there some wonderful moment when

Parents can become detached spectators in

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the lives of their children and shrug,

'It's their life,' and feel nothing?

When I was in my twenties,

I stood in a hospital corridor

waiting for doctors to put a few stitches

in my son's head and I asked,

'When do you stop worrying?'

The nurse said,

'When they get out of the accident stage.

My Parents just smiled faintly

and said nothing.

When I was in my thirties,

I sat on a little chair in a classroom

and heard how one of my children

Talked incessantly, disrupted the class,

and was headed for a career

making license plates.

As if to read my mind, a teacher said,

'Don't worry, they all go through this stage

and then you can sit back,

Relax and enjoy them.'


and said nothing.

When I was in my forties,

I spent a lifetime waiting

for the phone to ring,

the cars to come home,

the front door to open.

A friend said,

'They're trying to find themselves.

'Don't worry!

In a few years, they'll be adults.

'They'll be off on their own

they’ll be out of your hair'


and said nothing.

By the time I was 50,

I was sick & tired of being vulnerable.

I was still worrying over my children,

but there was a new wrinkle.

Even though they were on their own

I continued to anguish over their failures,

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be tormented by their frustrations and

Absorbed in their disappointments.

And there was nothing I could do about it.


and said nothing.

My friends said that

when my kids got married

I could stop worrying

and lead my own life.

I wanted to believe that,

but I was haunted by my parent's warm smiles

and their occasional,

'You look pale. Are you all right’?

'Call me the minute you get home'.

Are you depressed about something?'

My friends said that

when I became a grandparent

that I would get to enjoy

the happy little voices yelling

Grandma! Papa!

But now I find that I worry

just as much about the little kids

as the big ones.

How can anyone cope

with all this Worry?

Can it be that parents are sentenced

to a lifetime of worry?

Is concern for one another

Handed down like a torch

to blaze the trail of human frailties

and the fears of the unknown?

Is concern a curse or is it

a virtue that elevates us

to the highest form of earthly creation?

Recently, one of my own children

Became quite irritable, saying to me,

'Where were you?

I've been calling for 3 days,

And no one answered

I was worried.'

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I smiled a warm smile.

The torch has been passed.

PASS IT ON TO OTHER WONDERFUL PARENTS

(And also to your children... That's the fun part)

3. Visit to Temples.

The scientific explanation

for visiting temple regularly

Very Informative and this info should make all our people believes that our

ancestors were not a bunch of idiots

. I APPEAL TO PEOPLE OF ALL FAITHS TO PERUSE THIS.

- Moderator

Well, here is a scientific explanation..........just read on.

There are hundreds of temples all over India in different size, shape and

locations but not all of them are considered to be in the Vedic way.

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Generally, the temples are located in a place where earth's magnetic waves

pass through. In simple terms, these temples are located strategically at a place

where the positive energy is abundantly available from the magnetic wave

distribution of north/ South Pole thrust.

Because of its location, where high magnetic values are available, the Main Idol

is placed in the center, and also because they place a copper plate written

with some Vedic scripts, which is buried, beneath the Main Idol's placement

known as "Garbhagriha" or Moolasthan, the copper absorbs the earth’s

magnetic waves and radiates to the surroundings. Thus a person, who regularly

visits a temple and makes clockwise pradakshina of the Main Idol's placement,

automatically receives the beamed magnetic waves which get absorbed by his

body. This is very slow and a regular visit will make him absorb more energy,

known as positive energy. In addition, the Sanctum Sanctorum is completely

enclosed on three sides. The effect of all energies is very high in here. The lamp

that is lit radiates the heat and light

energy.

The ringing of the bells and the chanting of prayers gives sound energy. The

fragrance from the flowers, the burning of camphor gives out chemical energy.

The effect of all these energies is activated by the positive energy that comes

out of the idol. This is in addition to the north/south pole magnetic energy that is

absorbed by the copper plate and utensils that are kept in the Moolasthan.

The water used for the Pooja is mixed with Cardamom, Benzoin, Holy Basil

(Tulasi), Clove, etc. is the "Theertham". This water becomes more energized

because it receives the positive-ness of all these energies combined. When

persons go to the temple for Deepaaraadhana, and when the doors open up,

the positive energy gushes out onto the persons who are there. The water that is

sprinkled onto the people passes on the energy to all. That is the reason why,

men are not allowed to wear shirts to the temple and ladies have to wear more

ornaments because it is through these jewels (metal) that positive energy is

absorbed in ladies. It is proved that Theertham is a very good blood purifier, as it

is highly energized.

In addition, temples offer holy water (about three spoons). This water is mainly a

source of magneto therapy as they place the copper water vessel at the

Garbhagriha. It also contains cardamom, clove, saffron, etc. to add taste and

Tulasi (holy Basil) leaves are put into the water to increase its medicinal value!

The clove essence protects one from tooth decay, the saffron & Tulasi leave

essence protects one from common cold and cough, cardamom and benzoin

known as Pachha Karpuram, acts as a mouth refreshing agents. This way, one's

health too is protected, by regularly visiting Temples!

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4. Secrets of Life

SECRETS OF LIFE.pps

Click on the above for a power point presentation of 34

slides.

5. Jokes 2012

If you have it, you want to share it. If you share it, you don’t

have

it. What is it?

A. A secret

Q. The more you have of it, the less you see. What is it?

A. Darkness

Q. What book was once owned by only the wealthy, but now everyone can

have it? You can’t buy it in a bookstore or take it from a library.

A. A telephone book.

Q. What gets whiter the dirtier that it gets?

A. A chalkboard

Q. What happened in the middle of the twentieth century that will not

happen again for 4,000 years?

A. The year 1961 can be read upside down and that won’t happen again until

6009!

Q. What has no beginning, end, or middle?

A. A doughnut.

Q. What has to be broken before it can be used?

A. An egg.

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Q. What does no man want, yet no man wants to lose?

A. Work – Employment.

Q. How many bricks does it take to complete a building made of brick?

A. Only one, the last one.

Q. What is everything to someone, and nothing to everyone else?

A. Your mind.

Q. Big as a biscuit, deep as a cup, even a river can’t fill it up. What

is it?

A. A kitchen strainer.

Q. What goes up and never comes down?

A. Your age.

Q. What’s the greatest worldwide use of cowhide?

A. To cover cows.

Q. What’s long and thin, covered in skin; red in parts,

and put in tarts?

A. Rhubarb.

Q. What has feet and legs, and nothing else?

A. Stockings.

Q. What is the moon worth?

A. $1, because it has 4

quarters.

Q. What grows when it eats, but dies when it drinks?

A. A candle.

Q. What stays where it is when it goes off?

A. An alarm clock.

Q. You heard me before, yet you hear me again. Then I die, ’til you call

me again. What am I?

A. An echo.

Q. There is a man standing over a dead body in a coffin, and another man

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walks in and asks, who’s in the coffin. The first man replies, brothers and

sisters, I have none, but this man’s father is my father’s son. Who’s in the

coffin?

A. His son.

Men are in the locker room of a golf club. A cell phone on a

bench rings and a man engages the hands free speaker-function and

begins to talk.

Everyone else in the room stops to listen.

MAN: "Hello."

WOMAN: "Honey, it's me. Are you at the club?"

MAN: "Yes."

WOMAN: "I am at the shops now and found this beautiful leather coat.

It's only £1,000. Is it OK if I buy it?"

MAN: "Sure, go ahead if you like it that much."

WOMAN: "I also stopped by the Mercedes dealership and saw the new 2006

models. I saw one I really liked."

MAN: "How much?"

WOMAN: "£45,000."

MAN: "OK, but for that price, I want it with all the

options."

WOMAN: "Great! Oh, and one more thing.....the

house I wanted last

year is back on the market. They're asking £450,000."

MAN: "Well, then go ahead and give them an offer

of £400,000. They

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will probably take it. If not, we can go the extra 50 thousand. It is

really a pretty good price."

WOMAN: "OK. I'll see you later! I love you so much!!"

MAN: "Bye! I love you, too."

The man hangs up. The other men in the locker room are staring at him

in astonishment, mouths agape.

Then he smiles and asks: "Anyone knows to whom this phone belongs to?" [Image:

Laughing] [Image: Smile]

. 6. Indian Billionaires and Their Castes

A very interesting story on India’s caste issues

>Forbes magazine has put out a list of the

world's 1,210 billionaires.

>Fifty-five of them are Indians. A billion dollars is

Rs. 4,480 crore.

>A Baniya is a member of the Vaish caste,

originating mainly from Rajasthan and Gujarat.

>They are under 1% of India’s population. Yet,

26 of the 55 are baniyas!

>India's richest man is a Baniya (Lakshmi Mittal, world's sixth richest with $31.1

billion),

>second richest man is a Baniya (Mukesh Ambani, $27 billion),

>third richest man is a Khoja (Azim Premji, $16.8 billion),

>fourth richest men are Baniyas (Shashi and Ravi Ruia, $15.8 billion),

>fifth richest person is a Baniya (Savitri Jindal, $13.2 billion),

>sixth richest man is a Baniya (Gautam Adani, $10 billion),

>

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>seventh richest man is a Baniya (Kumar Mangalam Birla, $9.2 billion),

>eighth richest man is a Baniya (Anil Ambani, $8.8 billion),

>ninth richest man is a Baniya (Sunil Mittal, $8.3 billion).

>India’s 10th richest man is a Parsi (Adi Godrej, world's 130th richest with $7.3

billion).

>

>Score: Baniyas 8, Rest of India 2. If we consider the Gujaratis Godrej and

>Premji (from the Lohana caste) as coming from mercantile communities then

>actually Rest of India wasn't playing this match so far.

>

>India’s 11th richest man is K.P. Singh of DLF ($7.3 billion). He is the

>first departure from our trend of mercantile castes. Singh is a peasant, the

>most populous caste grouping of India, about 50% of our population. From

>numbers 11 to 20, there are four Baniyas. They are Anil Agarwal of Vedanta

> ($6.4 billion), Dilip Shanghvi of Sun Pharma ($6.1 billion), Uday Kotak

> ($3.2 billion), and Subhas Chandra Goel of Zee, ($2.9 billion). The

>non-Baniyas are Shiv Nadar of HCL ($5.6 billion), Malvinder and Shivinder

>Singh of Ranbaxy ($4.1 billion), Kalanithi Maran of Sun TV

($3.5 billion),

>Mukesh Jagtiani of Landmark ($3 billion) and Pankaj Patel of Cadila

($2.6 billion).

>

>Between 21 and 30, there are five Baniyas. They are Indu Jain of The Times

>of India ($2.6 billion), Desh Bandhu Gupta of Lupin ($2.1 billion), Sudhir

>and Samir Mehta of Torrent ($2 billion), Aloke Lohia of Indorama ($2

>billion) and Venugopal Dhoot of Videocon ($1.9 billion). The five

>non-Baniyas are G.M. Rao of GMR ($2.6 billion), Cyrus Poona Walla of the

>Serum Institute ($2.3 billion), Mumbai builder Rajan Raheja ($2.2 billion),

>Narayana Murthy ($2 billion) and Gautam Thapar of Avantha ($2 billion). Of

>the non-Baniyas, three are from mercantile communities: Poona Walla (Parsi),

>Raheja (Shikarpuri Sindhi) and Thapar (Khatri). Murthy is Brahmin.

>

>Between 31 and 40 are two Baniyas: Rahul Bajaj ($1.6 billion) and Ajay

>Piramal ($1.4 billion). The non-Baniyas include three Brahmins: Nandan

>Nilekani

($1.8 billion) and S. Gopalakrishnan ($1.6 billion) of Infosys, and

>Vijay Mallya ($1.4 billion). Three of the others are from mercantile castes:

>Chandru Raheja ($1.9 billion), Brijmohan Lall Munjal of Hero Motors ($1.5

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>billion) and Vikas Oberoi ($1.4 billion). The last two are K. Anji Reddy

> ($1.5 billion) (from Andhra's dominant peasant community) and Ajay Kalsi of

>Indus Gas ($1.7 billion).

>

>Between 41 and 50 are five Baniyas. They are

R.P. Goenka ($1.3 billion),

>Rakesh Jhunjhunwala ($1.2 billion), Brij Bhushan

Singhal ($1.2 billion),

>B.K. Modi ($1.1 billion) and Mumbai builder

Mangal Prabhat Lodha ($1.1

>billion). The non-Baniyas are Baba Kalyani of

Bharat Forge ($1.3 billion),

>Keshub Mahindra ($1.2 billion), K. Dinesh ($1.2 billion) and S.D. Shibulal

> ($1.1 billion) of Infosys, and Yusuf Hamied of Cipla ($1.1 billion).

>

>The last five, from 51 to 55, include two Baniyas: Mumbai builder

Mofatraj

>Munot of Kalpataru ($1 billion) and Ashwin Dani of Asian Paints ($1

>billion). Two of the others are from mercantile castes: Parsi Anu Aga of

>Thermax ($1 billion) and Khatri Harindarpal Banga of Noble ($1 billion).

>Delhi builder Ramesh Chandra of Unitech ($1 billion) ends our list of

>Indians with a billion dollars or more.

>

>The list has three Parsis, two Muslims and Sikhs in one spot (shared by the

>Ranbaxy Singhs). Banga is also a Sikh name but Harindarpal is clean-shaven.

>All of them, except Poona Walla, have inherited their wealth, though in the

>case of one (Premji), he took a small firm and made it global. There is

>nobody from the scheduled tribes or castes.

>

>India’s large peasant castes have some representation (Singh, Patel, Reddy),

>but not much.

>

>There are 26 Baniyas on our list. Many of them inherited their wealth, but

>just as many (Mittal, Ruias, Adani, Dhoot among

others) are self-made.

>The list has 16 Rajasthanis, and 13 Gujaratis. Every single Rajasthanis is

>from one caste, Vaish, though they are from two faiths: Hindu and Jain.

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>

>Only Gujarat is capable of producing billionaires drawn from four different

>faiths-Hindu, Parsi, Jain and Muslim-and three different castes: Baniya,

>Khatri and peasant. This is unique in India and there is something about

>this secular mercantile culture that produces great men across communities.

>What is it? Three out of the four biggest leaders of the subcontinent under

>British rule were Gujarati, and they were drawn from these three castes:

>Gandhi, Jinnah and Patel. Only 5% of India’s population, Gujaratis don't

>have the numbers to dominate its democratic politics. But businesses are not

>run in democratic fashion. And to rise, you

need quality, not quantity.

>The heartland of India, where our quantity

resides, is

missing from this

>list. Bihar, Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha,

Uttar Pradesh have little or no

>representation and this does not surprise us.

>

>On the list are 10 south Indians, in proportion to their 20% share of

>India’s population. The famous five from Infosys are obviously self-made. Of

>the others, four are first-generation wealthy. This is a good indicator for

>the future and it restores some balance in favour of Rest of India.

>

>Two final observations. India’s greatest businessman is not on this list.

>Why is that? It is because Ratan Tata owns less than 1% of Tata Sons. He is

>exceptional in every way!!!!!!!!!

>

>Some of you will be wondering that why is Pallanjee Mistree with his wealth of

around $6.00 Billion not featuring in the top ten?

>That's because he is an Irish citizen.

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7. Hyderabad Names 1) Nampally:

Raza Ali Khan was the Dewan of Noam’s State in 1670

AD. His Title was

> 'Nekh Nam Khan' a Jagir was granted to him, which

came to be called

> Nekh-Nampally. This became 'Nampally'.

2) Begumpet:

Basheerunnissa Begum, daughter of Nizam II was married to a Paigah noble.

She received lands in dowry. The village came to be known as Begumpet.

3) Khairatabad:

The Jagir granted to Khairunnisa Begum Daughter of Ibrahim Qutub Shah, came

To be known as Khairatabad.

> 4) Begum Bazar:

>

> Land gifted by Humda Begum (the wife of Nizam Ali Khan Nizamul Mulk) to

> The merchants of Hyderabad for trade and commerce, finally developed as

> Begum Bazar.

5) Sultan Bazar:

After 1933, the Residency bazar was renamed Sultan Bazar, when these areas

were returned to the Nizam, by the British (Residency).

6) Afzal Gunj:

> The V Nizam (Afzalud Dawlah) gifted land to the grain merchants for trade

> And commerce. The place was named Afzal Gunj.

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7) Secunderabad:

Named after Sikander Jha (1806) (III Nizam). The Village where British

Troops were stationed.

8) Ma Saheba Ka Talab:

Hayat Bakshi Begum, wife of Quli Qutub Shah VI - was called Ma Saheba. The

Tank constructed by her to irrigate lands of Mallepally village, was called

Masaheba ka Talab. Finally it was called Masab Tank.

9) Kadve Saheb Ki Galli (lane):

After a person, who was always angry-faced and talked

ill of others. This

Lane is in the old city.

10) Himayat Nagar:

New locality named after Himayat Ali Khan - Azam Jha - eldest son of VII

Nizam - Osman Ali Khan (in 1933). His name was Himayat Ali Khan.

11) Hyderguda:

New locality named after Hyder Ali, who was 1st Talukhdar (District

Collector) and owned lands in the village formerly the Jagir of Vaheed

Unnisa Begum, wife of Nizam. The locality is called after him, as

Hyderguda.

12) Basheer Bagh:*

The garden of Sir Asman Jha, Basirud-dulah - a Paigah Noble, who had a

Palace at the Garden.

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13) Somajiguda:

A revenue department employee, named Sonaji, who owned lands and

resided in

> This village. Sonaji became Somaji and the hamlet came to be called

> ‘Somajiguda’. (Guda is from Godem a hamlet).

14) Malakpet:

Named after Malik Yakoob, a servant of Abdullah Qutub Shah Golconda King

Where he resided had a market, hence the name Malakpet.

15) Saidabad:

A Jagir village of Sayed Meer Momin, Dewan of Golconda (1591).

16) Abid Shop: (Now known as Abids or Abid Road)

A Valet and steward of Nizam (VI) Mahboob Ali Khan. This man was the first

To have a shop here.

17) Saroornagar:

Named after Sarwari Afzal Bai, mistress of Arasthu Jha. Dewan of Hyderabad,

Who granted a Jagir, and constructed a palace and Garden for her.

18) Dabirpura:

The village named after Abdul Samad with the titles; Dabir-ul Mulk, a noble

Man.

19) Noor Khan Bazar:

A market developed by Noor Khan, who came from Luck now, during the time

of the II Nizam.

20) A.C.Guards:

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A locality to the West of Lakdi-ka-pul. The barracks of Abyssinian Cavalry

Guards of Raja of Wanaparthy - (1910) (Abyssinia is the old name of

Ethiopia, an East African country)

8. How Praana Leaves the Body

By way of sharing only

G.Balasubramanian

from: Guruswamy Balasubramanian <[email protected]>

Date: January 5, 2014 at 8:30:27 AM EST

To: undisclosed-recipients:

Subject: {viprasamhitha} HOW DOES THE LIFE FORCE LEAVE THE BODY?

Reply-To: [email protected]

One of the members of a group has

requested me to explain as to 'how the

prAna leave the gross body'. He has

requested confidentiality about his

name. Hence I am making this as a fresh

posting. And not as a reply to his mail.

At the time of death, it is said that one of

the five prAna-s viz., udAna located in

neck region is said to prevent prAna from

escaping from the body. Until the last

breath takes place, the life force is

active in the body and when the 'svAsa' stops people say one cannot survive

and he is declared dead.

Among the panchaprAna-s, prAna is said to stay at the heart, apAna at anus,

samAna at naval region, udAna at neck and vyAna in the rest of the body.

Before the prAna departs, vyAna is said to come back from blood to the prAna.

When the blood dries up or shrinks one experiences pain of death. When apAna

and samAna also join the prAna, digestion, evacuation etc. stop. This can be

compared to a householder gathering all his items at a central place in his

residence when he vacates a house and shifts to another residence. Similarly, all

the life forces gather at the heart and stay there.

mailto:[email protected]


Page 18 of 92

When udAna gives way to PrAna, breath goes out. At that time if we pour

gangAjalam or milk etc. it will not go inside the mouth but will flow outside. It is

said all the indriya-s merge in the mind and hence the eye cannot see, ear

cannot listen, tongue cannot swallow, skin cannot feel touch and nose cannot

smell. The body is warm as long as the Atma which is jyotirmaya stays in the

body, it will be warm. As soon as it leaves through vyAna etc. those parts will

become cold. One of the methods to ascertain death of a person is pouring

milk or any liquid in the mouth of the person suspected to have died. Some

people used to grind a paste of black pepper and cloves and apply it to the

eyes of dead body. If life is there in the body, tears will flow from eyes. No water

will come if the person is dead. Such practices, I am told were being resorted to

some one hundred years ago where qualified or experienced medical

practitioners were not available at a village or place of death. Discussion on this

topic is welcome in the Group for mutual benefit.

G.Balasubramanian.

9. Hinduism

Trying to explain the core beliefs of "Hinduism" to an interested observer can be

challenging to say the least. It’s often stated that the word "Hinduism" itself is a

total misnomer, as it basically refers to the sum total of spiritual and religious

thought and practice that has taken place on the Indian subcontinent over the

past 5,000 years. And let’s just say it's been a busy 5,000 years.

The sheer volume of spiritual literature and doctrine, the

number of distinct gods worshiped (over 30 million,

according to some sources), the breadth of distinct

philosophies and practices that have emerged, and the

total transformation over time of many of the core Indic

teachings and beliefs can be disconcerting to those

raised in monotheistic cultures, as we are used to each

faith bringing with it a defined set of beliefs that -- with

the exception of some denominational rifts over the

centuries -- stay pretty much consistent over time.

However, the key point of differentiation between

Hinduism and these other faiths is not polytheism vs.

monotheism. The key differentiation is that "Hinduism"

Page 19 of 92

is Open Source and most other faiths are Closed Source.

"Open source is an approach to the design, development, and distribution

of software, offering practical accessibility to software’s source code."

If we consider god, the concept of god, the practices that lead one to god,

and the ideas, thoughts and philosophies around the nature of the human mind

the source code, then India has been the place where the doors have been

thrown wide open and the coders have been given free rein to craft, invent,

reinvent, refine, imagine, and re-imagine to the point that literally every variety

of the spiritual and cognitive experience has been explored, celebrated, and

documented.

Atheists and goddess worshipers, heretics who've sought god through booze,

sex, and meat, ash covered hermits, dualists and non-dualists, nihilists and

hedonists, poets and singers, students and saints, children and outcasts ... all

have contributed their lines of code to the Hindu string.

The results of India's God Project -- as I like to refer to Hinduism -- have been

absolutely staggering. The body of knowledge -- scientific, faith-based, and

experience-based -- that has been accrued on the nature of mind,

consciousness, and human behavior, and the number of practical methods that

have been specifically identified to work with one’s own mind are without

compare. The Sanskrit language itself contains a massive lexicon of words -- far

more than any other historic or modern language -- that deal specifically with

states of mental cognition, perception, awareness, and behavioral psychology.

At the heart of the Indic source code are the Vedas, which immediately

establish the primacy of inquiry in Indic thought. In the Rig Veda, the oldest of all

Hindu texts (and possibly the oldest of all spiritual texts on the planet), God,

or Prajapati, is summarized as one big mysterious question and we the people

are basically invited to answer it.

"Who really knows?

Who will here proclaim it?

Whence was it produced?

Whence is this creation?

The gods came afterwards, with the creation of this universe.

Who then knows whence it has arisen?"

While the god of the Old Testament was shouting command (ment) s, Prajapati

was asking: "Who am I?"

Since opening the floodgates on the divine question, Indic thought has followed

a glorious evolutionary arc from shamanism, nature worship and sacrifice

through sublime and complex theories on mental cognition, the nature of

consciousness, and quantum physics.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_source_software

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/josh-schrei/the-god-project-hinduism_b_486099.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/josh-schrei/the-god-project-hinduism_b_486099.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigveda

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prajapati

Page 20 of 92

Through tracing the subcontinents relationship with the deities of the Vedas, we

can trace the course of Indic thought over the centuries. One of the first things

we notice is that not only does the people's relationship to god change over the

centuries, the gods themselves change. Shiva, for example, appears in the

Vedas as Rudra, the howler, god of storms, still something of a lesser deity.

Reappearing over the centuries as Bhairavi -- he who inspires fear -- Pashupati,

lord of beasts, the god of yogis, and the destroyer, Shiva finally, by the 9th

century, achieves status in Kashmir as the fundamental energetic building block

of the entire universe. Neat trick.

But as much as the gods change and the evolution of Indic thought leads us to

increasingly modern and post-modern views of the nature of reality, the old

Vedic codes still remain front and center. One of Hinduism's defining factors is

that the historic view of god, the nature worship and shamanism, never went

away, so that god as currently worshiped exists simultaneously as symbol and

archetype as well as literal embodiment. That Shiva, for instance, could

simultaneously be the light of ultimate consciousness and an ash-smeared

madman who frequents cremation grounds is a delight to us spiritual anarchists,

while mind numbing to most western Theologists.

Western and Middle Eastern monotheistic faiths have simply not allowed such

liberal interpretation of their God. They continue to exist as closed source

systems.

"Generally, [closed source] means only the binaries of a computer program are

distributed and the license provides no access to the program's source code.

The source code of such programs might be regarded as a trade secret of the

company."

One of the defining facts of Christian history is that access to God has been

viewed -- as in most closed source systems -- as a trade secret. The ability to

reinterpret the bible, or the teachings of Christ, or the Old Testament or to

challenge the basic fundamental authority of the church has been nonexistent

for most of the church's history. Those who dared to do so were quite often

killed.

In Indic thought, there is no trade secret. The foundation of yoga is that the key

to god, or the macrocosm, or the absolute ... lies within the individual and can

be accessed through a certain set of practices. It's a beautifully simple but

ultimately profound concept that has been allowed to flourish unchecked for

millennia. The process of discovert.ng and re-imagining the divine is in your

hands. The God Project.

Page 21 of 92

10 Hindu Rituals

Hindu Rituals - Answers to most common questions

Wed Apr 23, 2014 12:22 am (PDT). Posted by:

"Ramesh B" rameshbukkapatnam

On Tuesday, 22 April 2014 3:44 PM, spa Chari

<[email protected]> wrote:

Hindu Rituals

forwarded by Mr. Vasant Roy C Vora

We having born in a Hindu Family have been

performing a variety of Hindu Religious Rituals all along

our life without any objections as directed by our parents and our Religious

Purohit. Here are some of the detailed reasons with meanings on these Rituals

being performed.

There a posting of these Rituals on sss global site by Mr. Ramesh Bukkapatnam

which I have redrawn in a more presentable format………..KKR

1. Why do we light a lamp?

2. Why do we have a Prayer Room?

3. Why do we do Namaste?

4. Why do we prostrate before Parents and Elders?

5. Why do we wear Marks (Tilak, Pottu and the like) on forehead?

6. Why do we not touch papers, books and people with the feet?

7. To touch another with the feet is considered an act of Misdemeanor. Why

is this so?

8. Why do we apply the holy ash?

9. Why do we offer food to the Lord before eating it?

10. Why do we fast?

11. Why is Pradakshina done (circumambulate)?

12. Why is Pradakshina done only in a clockwise manner?

13. Why do we regard trees and plants as sacred?

14. Why do we ring the temple in the temple?

15. Why do we worship the Kalasha?

16. Why do we consider the Lotus as special?

https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/sss-global/conversations/topics/163248;_ylc=X3oDMTJzdXFpcHJkBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE1BGdycElkAzQ2ODEzNTQEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA1MDY0MDg1BG1zZ0lkAzE2MzI0OARzZWMDZG1zZwRzbGsDdm1zZwRzdGltZQMxMzk4MjQ1NzM1

mailto:[email protected]?subject=Re%3A%20Fw%3A%20%5Bnaturesglory%5D%20Hindu%20Rituals%20-%20Answers%20to%20most%20common%20questions


Page 22 of 92

17. Why do we worship Tulasi?

18. Why do we blow the conch?

19. Why do we say Shashi thrice?

20. Why do we offer a coconut?

21. Why do we chant OM?

22. Why do we do Aarati?

The explanations for the questions are as under:

1. why do we light a lamp?

In almost every Indian home a lamp is lit daily before

the altar of the Lord. In some houses it is lit at dawn, in

some, twice a day – at dawn and dusk – and in a few it

is maintained continuously (akhanda deepa). All

auspicious functions commence with the lighting of the

lamp, which is often

maintained right through the occasion.

Light symbolizes knowledge, and darkness,

ignorance. The Lord is the "Knowledge

Principle" (chaitanya) who is the source, the

enlivener and the illuminator of all

knowledge. Hence light is worshiped as the Lord himself.

Knowledge removes ignorance just as light removes darkness. Also

knowledge is a lasting inner wealth by which all outer achievement can

be accomplished. Hence we light the lamp to bow down to knowledge

as the greatest of all forms of wealth

Why not light a bulb or tube light? That too would remove darkness. But

the traditional oil lamp has a further spiritual significance. The oil or ghee in

the lamp symbolizes our vaasanas or negative tendencies and the wick,

the ego. When lit by spiritual knowledge, the vaasanas get slowly

exhausted and the ego too finally perishes. The flame of a lamp always

burns upwards. Similarly we should acquire such knowledge as to take us

towards higher ideals.

Whilst lighting the lamp we thus pray:

Deepajyothi parabrahma

Deepa sarva tamopahaha

Deepena saadhyate saram

Sandhyaa deepo namostute

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I prostrate to the dawn/dusk lamp; whose light is the Knowledge Principle

(the Supreme Lord), which removes the darkness of ignorance and by

which all can be achieved in life.

2. Why do we have a prayer room?

Most Indian homes have a prayer room or altar.

A lamp is lit and the Lord worshipped each day.

Other spiritual practices like japa (repetition of

the Lord's name), meditation, paaraayana

(reading of the scriptures), prayers, and

devotional singing etc. is also done here. Special

worship is done on auspicious occasions like

birthdays, anniversaries, festivals and the like.

Each member of the family – young or old –

communes with and worships the Divine here.

The Lord is the entire creation. He is therefore the true owner of the house we

live in too. The prayer room is the Master room of the house. We are the earthly

occupants of His property. This notion rids us of false pride and possessiveness.

The ideal attitude to take is to regard the Lord as the true owner of our homes

and us as caretakers of His home. But if that is rather difficult, we could at least

think of Him as a very welcome guest. Just as we would house an important

guest in the best comfort, so too we felicitate the Lord's presence in our homes

by having a prayer room or altar, which is, at all times, kept clean and well-

decorated.

Also the Lord is all pervading. To remind us that He resides in our homes with us,

we have prayer rooms. Without the grace of the Lord, no task can be

successfully or easily accomplished. We invoke His grace by communing with

Him in the prayer room each day and on special occasions.

Each room in a house is dedicated to a specific function like the bedroom for

resting, the drawing room to receive guests, the kitchen for cooking etc. The

furniture, decor and the atmosphere of each room are made conducive to the

purpose it serves. So too for the purpose of meditation, worship and prayer, we

should have a conducive atmosphere – hence the need for a prayer room.

Sacred thoughts and sound vibrations pervade the place and influence the

minds of those who spend time there. Spiritual thoughts and vibrations

accumulated through regular meditation, worship and chanting done there

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pervade the prayer room. Even when we are tired or agitated, by just sitting in

the prayer room for a while, we feel calm, rejuvenated and spiritually uplifted.

3. Why do we do Namaste?

Indians greet each other with Namaste. The two palms are

placed together in front of the chest and the head bows

whilst saying the word Namaste. This greeting is for all –

people younger than us, of our own age, those older than

friends, even strangers and us.

There are five forms of formal traditional greeting enjoined in

the shaastras of which namaskaram is one. This is understood as prostration but it

actually refers to paying homage as we do today when we greet each other

with a Namaste.

>

>Namaste could be just a casual or formal greeting, a cultural convention or an

act of worship. However there is much more to it than meets the eye. In Sanskrit

namah + te = Namaste. It means – I bow to you – my greetings, salutations or

prostration to you. Namaha can also be literally interpreted as "na ma" (not

mine). It has a spiritual significance of negating or reducing one's ego in the

presence of another.

The real meeting between people is the meeting of their minds. When we greet

another, we do so with Namaste, which means, "may our minds meet,"

indicated by the folded palms placed before the chest. The bowing down of

the head is a gracious form of extending friendship in love and humility.

The spiritual meaning is even deeper. The life force, the divinity, the Self or the

Lord in me is the same in all. Recognizing this oneness with the meeting of the

palms, we salute with head bowed the Divinity in the person we meet. That is

why sometimes, we close our eyes as we do Namaste to a revered person or the

Lord – as if to look within. The gesture is often accompanied by words like "Ram

Ram", "Jai Shri Krishna", "Namo Narayana", "Jai Siya Ram", "Om Shanti" etc. –

indicating the recognition of this divinity.

>

>When we know this significance, our greeting does not remain just a superficial

gesture or word but paves the way for a deeper communion with another in an

atmosphere of love and respect.

4. Why do we prostrate before parents and elders?

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Indians prostrate before their parents, elders, teachers and

noble souls by touching their feet. The elder in turn blesses

us by placing his or her hand on or over our heads.

Prostration is done daily, when we meet elders and

particularly on important occasions like the beginning of a

new task, birthdays, festivals etc. In certain traditional

circles, prostration is accompanied by abhivaadana, which

serves to introduce one-self, announce one's family and

social stature.

Man stands on his feet. Touching the feet in prostration is a sign of respect for

the age, maturity, nobility and divinity that our elders personify. It symbolizes our

recognition of their selfless love for us and the sacrifices they have done for our

welfare. It is a way of humbly acknowledging the greatness of another. This

tradition reflects the strong family ties, which has been one of India's enduring

strengths.

The good wishes (Sankalpa) and blessings (aashirvaada) of elders are highly

valued in India. We prostrate to seek them. Good thoughts create positive

vibrations. Good wishes springing from a heart full of love, divinity and nobility

have a tremendous strength. When we prostrate with humility and respect, we

invoke the good wishes and blessings of elders which flow in

the form of positive energy to envelop us. This is why the

posture assumed whether it is in the standing or prone position,

enables the entire body to receive the energy thus received.

The different forms of showing respect are:

Pratuthana– rising to welcome a person.

Namaskaara–paying homage in the form of Namaste

(discussed separately in this book).

Upasangrahan–touching the feet of elders or teachers. >Shaashtaanga–

prostrating fully with the feet, knees, stomach, chest, forehead and arms

touching the ground in front of the elder.

Pratyabivaadana– returning a greeting.

Rules are prescribed in our scriptures as to who should prostrate to whom.

Wealth, family name, age, moral strength and spiritual

knowledge in ascending order of importance qualified

men to receive respect. This is why a king though the ruler

of the land, would prostrate before a spiritual master.

Epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata have many

stories highlighting this aspect.

Page 26 of 92

5. Why do we wear marks (Tilak, Pottu and the like) on the

forehead?

The Tilak or Pottu invokes a feeling of sanctity in the wearer

and others. It is recognized as a religious mark. Its form and

colour vary according to one's caste, religious sect or the

form of the Lord worshipped.

In earlier times, the four castes (based

on Varna or colour) – Brahmana,

Kshatriya, Vaishya and Sudra – applied marks differently. The

Brahmin applied a white Chandan mark signifying purity, as

his profession was of a priestly or academic nature. The

Kshatriya applied a red kum kum mark signifying valour as

he belonged to warrior races. The Vaishya wore a yellow

kesar or turmeric mark signifying prosperity as he was a

businessman or trader devoted to creation of wealth. The

Sudra applied a black bhasma, kasturi or charcoal mark signifying service as he

supported the work of the other three divisions.

Also Vishnu worshippers apply a Chandan Tilak of the shape of "U", Shiva

worshippers a tripundra (of the shape of "º ") of bhasma, Devi worshippers a red

dot of kum kum and so on).

The Tilak cover the spot between the eyebrows, which is the seat of memory

and thinking. It is known as the Aajna Chakra in the language of Yoga. The Tilak

is applied with the prayer – "May I remember the Lord. May this pious feeling

pervade all my activities. May I be righteous in my deeds?" Even when we

temporarily forget this prayerful attitude the mark on another reminds us of our

resolve. The Tilak is thus a blessing of the Lord and a protection against wrong

tendencies and forces.

The entire body emanates energy in the form of electromagnetic waves – the

forehead and the subtle spot between the eyebrows especially so. That is why

worry generates heat and causes a headache. The Tilak and Pottu cool the

forehead, protect us and prevent energy loss. Sometimes the entire forehead is

covered with Chandan or bhasma. Using plastic reusable "stick bindis" is not very

beneficial, even though it serves the purpose of decoration.

Page 27 of 92

6. Why do we not touch papers, books and people with the

feet?

To Indians, knowledge is sacred and divine. So it must

be given respect at all times. Nowadays we separate

subjects as sacred and secular. But in ancient India

every subject – academic or spiritual – was

considered divine and taught by the guru in the

gurukula.

The custom of not stepping on educational tools is a

frequent reminder of the high position accorded to

knowledge in Indian culture. From an early age, this wisdom fosters in us a deep

reverence for books and education. This is also the reason why we worship

books, vehicles and instruments once a year on Saraswathi Pooja or Ayudha

Pooja day, dedicated to the Goddess of Learning. In fact, each day before

starting our studies, we pray:

Saraswati namasthubhyam

Varade kaama roopini

Vidyaarambham karishyaami

Sidhirbhavatu me sadaa

O Goddess Saraswati, the giver of

>Boons and fulfiller of wishes,

>I prostrate to you before

>starting my studies.

>May you always fulfill me?

7. To touch another with the feet is considered an act of

misdemeanor. Why is this so?

Man is regarded as the most beautiful, living breathing temple of the Lord!

Therefore touching another with the feet is akin to disrespecting the divinity

within him or her. This calls for an immediate apology, which is offered with

reverence and humility.

Page 28 of 92

8. Why do we apply the holy ash?

This shows extreme case of applying ash (this is too

much and not commonly done

>the ash of any burnt object is not regarded as holy

ash. Bhasma (the holy ash) is the ash from the homa

(sacrificial fire) where special wood along with ghee

and other herbs is offered as worship of the Lord. Or the

deity is worshipped by pouring ash as abhisheka and is

then distributed as bhasma.

Bhasma is generally applied on the forehead. Some

apply it on certain parts of the body like the upper arms, chest etc. Some

ascetics rub it all over the body. Many consume a pinch of it each time they

receive it.

The word bhasma means, "That by which our sins are destroyed and the Lord is

remembered". Bha implied bhartsanam ("to destroy") and sma implies

smaranam ("to remember"). The application of bhasma therefore signifies

destruction of the evil and remembrance of the divine. Bhasma is called vibhuti

(which means "glory") as it gives glory to one who applies it and raksha (which

means a source of protection) as it protects the wearer from ill health and evil,

by purifying him or her.

Homa (offering of oblations into the fire with sacred chants) signifies the offering

or surrender of the ego and egocentric desires into the flame of knowledge or a

noble and selfless cause. The consequent ash signifies the purity of the mind,

which results from such actions.

Also the fire of knowledge burns the oblation and wood signifying ignorance

and inertia respectively. The ash we apply indicates that we should burn false

identification with the body and become free of the limitations of birth and

death. This is not to be misconstrued as a morose reminder of death but as a

powerful pointer towards the fact that time and tide wait for none.

Bhasma is specially associated with Lord Shiva who applies it all over His body.

Shiva devotes apply bhasma as a tripundra (the form of

"&ord� ;"). When applied with a red spot at the center,

the mark symbolizes Shiva-Shakti (the unity of energy and

matter that creates the entire seen and unseen universe).

Bhasma has medicinal value and is used in many

Ayurveda medicines. It absorbs excess moisture from the

body and prevents colds and headaches. The

Upanishads say that the famous Mrityunjaya mantra

Page 29 of 92

should be chanted whilst applying ash on the forehead.

Tryambakam yajaamahe>Sugandhim pushtivardhanam

Urvaa rukamiva bhandhanaan

Mrytyor muksheeyamaa amrutaat

"We worship the three-eyed Lord Shiva who nourishes and spread fragrance in

our lives. May He free us from the shackles of sorrow, change and death –

effortlessly, like the fall of a rip brinjal from its stem."

9. Why do offer food to the Lord before eating it?

Indians make an offering of food to the Lord and later

partake of it as prasaada – a holy gift from the Lord. In

our daily ritualistic worship (pooja) too we offer

naivedyam (food) to the Lord.

>The Lord is omnipotent and omniscient. Man is a

part, while the Lord is the totality. All that we do is by

His strength and knowledge alone. Hence what we

receive in life as a result of our actions is really His

alone. We acknowledge this through the act of

offering food to Him. This is exemplified by the Hindi words "tera tujko arpan"– I

offer what is yours to you. Thereafter it is akin to His gift to us, graced by His divine

touch.

Knowing this, our entire attitude to food and the act of eating changes. The

food offered will naturally be pure and the best. We share what we get with

others before consuming it. We do not demand, complain or criticise the quality

of the food we get. We eat it with cheerful acceptance (prasaada buddhi).

Before we partake of our daily meals we first sprinkle water

around the plate as an act of purification. Five morsels of

food are placed on the side of the plate acknowledging the

debt owed by us to the Divine forces ( devta runa) for their

benign grace and protection, our ancestors (pitru runa) for

giving us their lineage and a family culture, the sages (rishi

runa) as our religion and culture have been "realised",

maintained and handed down to us by them, our fellow beings ( manushya

runa) who constitute society without the support of which we could not live as

we do and other living beings (bhuta runa) for serving us selflessly.

Thereafter the Lord, the life force, who is also within us as the five life-giving

physiological functions, is offered the food. This is done with the chant

Page 30 of 92

praanaaya swaahaa,

apaanaaya swaahaa,

vyaanaaya swaahaa,

udaanaaya swaahaa,

samaanaaya swaahaa,

brahmane swaahaa

after offering the food thus; it is eaten as prasaada – blessed food.

10. Why do we fast?

Most devout Indians fast regularly or on special occasions like festivals. On such

days they do not eat at all, eat once or make do with

fruits or a special diet of simple food.

Fasting in Sanskrit is called upavaasa. Upa means "near"

+ Vaasa means "to stay". Upavaasa therefore means

staying near (the Lord), meaning the attainment of

close mental proximity with the Lord. Then what has

upavaasa to do with food?

A lot of our time and energy is spent in procuring food items, preparing, cooking,

eating and digesting food. Certain food types make our minds dull and

agitated. Hence on certain days man decides to save time and conserve his

energy by eating either simple, light food or totally abstaining from eating so

that his mind becomes alert and pure. The mind, otherwise pre-occupied by the

thought of food, now entertains noble thoughts and stays with the Lord. Since it

is a self-imposed form of discipline it is usually adhered to with joy.

Also every system needs a break and an overhaul to work at its best. Rest and a

change of diet during fasting are very good for the digestive system and the

entire body.

The more you indulge the senses, the more they make their demands. Fasting

helps us to cultivate control over our senses, sublimate our desires and guide our

minds to be poised and at peace.

Fasting should not make us weak, irritable or create an urge to indulge later. This

happens when there is no noble goal behind fasting.

The Bhagavad-Gita urges us to eat appropriately – neither too less nor too much

Page 31 of 92

– yukta-aahaara and to eat simple, pure and healthy food (a saatvikdiet) even

when not fasting.

11. Why do we do pradakshina

(circumambulate)?

We cannot draw a circle without a center point. The

Lord is the center, source and essence of our lives.

Recognizing Him as the focal point in our lives, we go

about doing our daily chores. This is the significance

of pradakshina.

Also every point on the circumference of a circle is equidistant from the center.

This means that wherever or whoever we may be, we are equally close to the

Lord. His grace flows towards us without partiality.

12. Why is pradakshina done only in a

clockwise manner?

The reason is not, as a person said, to avoid a

traffic jam! As we do pradakshina, the Lord is always on

our right. In India the right side symbolizes auspiciousness.

So as we circumambulate the sanctum sanctorum we

remind ourselves to lead an auspicious life of righteousness, with the Lord who is

the indispensable source of help and strength, as our guide – the "right hand".

Indian scriptures enjoin – matrudevo bhava, pitrudevo bhava, and

acharyadevo bhava. May you consider your parents and teachers as you

would the Lord. With this in mind we also do pradakshina around our parents

and divine personages.

After the completion of traditional worship (pooja), we customarily do

pradakshina around ourselves. In this way we recognize and remember the

supreme divinity within us, which alone is idolized in the form of the Lord that we

worship outside.

Page 32 of 92

13. Why do we regard trees and plants as sacred?

The Lord, the life in us, pervades all

living beings, be they plants or

animals. Hence, they are all

regarded as sacred. Human life

on earth depends on plants and

trees. They give us the vital factors

that make life possible on earth: food, oxygen, clothing,

shelter, medicines etc.

Hence, in India, we are taught to regard trees and plants as sacred. Indians

scriptures tell us to plant ten trees if, for any reason, we have to cut one. We are

advised to use parts of trees and plants only as much as is needed for food, fuel,

shelter etc. we are also urged to apologies to a plant or tree before cutting it to

avoid incurring a specific sin named soona

Certain trees and plants like tulasi, peepal etc., which have tremendous

beneficial qualities, are worshipped till today. It is believed that divine beings

manifest as trees and plants, and many people worship them to fulfill their

desires or to please the Lord.

14. Why do we ring the bell in a temple?

Is it to wake up the Lord? But the Lord never sleeps. Is it

to let the Lord know we have come? He does not need

to be told, as He is all knowing. Is it a form of seeking

permission to enter His precinct? It is a homecoming

and therefore entry needs no permission. The Lord

welcomes us at all times. Then why do we ring the

bell?

The ringing of the bell produces what is regarded as an auspicious sound. It

produces the sound Om, the universal name of the Lord. There should be

auspiciousness within and without, to gain the vision of the Lord who is all-

auspiciousness.

Even while doing the ritualistic aarati, we ring the bell. It is sometimes

accompanied by the auspicious sounds of the conch and other musical

instruments. An added significance of ringing the bell, conch and other

instruments is that they help drowned any inauspicious or irrelevant noises and

comments that might disturb or distract the worshippers in their devotional

Page 33 of 92

ardour, concentration and inner peace.

As we start the daily ritualistic worship (pooja) we ring the bell, chanting:

Aagamaarthamtu devaanaam

gamanaarthamtu rakshasaam Kurve ghantaaravam tatra

devataahvaahna lakshanam

I ring this bell indicating

the invocation of divinity,

So that virtuous and noble forces

enter (my home and heart);

and the demonic and evil forces

from within and without, depart.

15. Why do we worship the kalasha?

First of all what is a kalasha? A brass, mud or

copper pot is filled with water. Mango leaves are

placed in the mouth of the pot and a coconut is

placed over it. A red or white thread is tied around

its neck or sometimes all around it in an intricate

diamond-shaped pattern. The pot may be

decorated with designs. Such a pot is known as a

kalasha.

When the pot is filled with water or rice, it is known as purnakumbha representing

the inert body which when filled with the divine life force gains the power to do

all the wonderful things that makes life what it is.

A kalasha is placed with due rituals on all-important occasions like the traditional

house warming (grihapravesa), wedding, daily worship etc. It is placed near the

entrance as a sign of welcome. It is also used in a traditional manner while

receiving holy personages. Why do we worship the kalasha? Before the creation

came into being, Lord Vishnu was reclining on His snake-bed in the milky ocean.

From His navel emerged a lotus from which appeared Lord Brahma, the creator,

who thereafter created this world.

The water in the kalasha symbolizes the primordial water from which the entire

creation emerged. It is the giver of life to all and has the potential of creating

innumerable names and forms, the inert objects and the sentient beings and all

that is auspicious in the world from the energy behind the universe. The leaves

and coconut represent creation.

Page 34 of 92

The thread represents the love that "binds" all in creation.

The kalasha is therefore considered auspicious and

worshipped. The waters from all the holy rivers, the

knowledge of all the Vedas and the blessings of all the

deities are invoked in the kalasha and its water is thereafter

used for all the rituals, including the abhisheka.

The consecration (kumbhaabhisheka) of a temple is done in

a grand manner with elaborate rituals including the pouring of one or more

kalasha of holy water on the top of the temple. When the asuras and devas

churned the milky ocean, the Lord appeared bearing the pot of nectar, which

blessed one with everlasting life.

Thus the kalasha also symbolizes immortality. Men of wisdom are full and

complete as they identify with the infinite Truth (poornatvam). They brim with joy

and love and respect all that is auspicious. We greet them with a purnakumbha

("full pot") acknowledging their greatness and as a sign of respectful and

reverential welcome, with a "full heart".

16. Why do we consider the lotus as special?

The lotus is the symbol of truth, auspiciousness and beauty

(satyam, shivam, sundaram). The Lord is also that nature

and therefore, His various aspects are compared to a lotus

(i.e. lotus-eyes, lotus feet, lotus hands, the lotus of the heart

etc.)

The lotus blooms with the rising sun and close at night.

Similarly, our minds open up and expand with the light of knowledge. The lotus

grows even in slushy areas. It remains beautiful and untainted despite its

surroundings, reminding us that we too can and should strive to remain pure and

beautiful within, under all circumstances.

The lotus leaf never gets wet even though it is always in water.

It symbolizes the man of wisdom (gyaani) who remains ever

joyous, unaffected by the world of sorrow and change. This is

revealed in a shloka from the Bhagwad-Geeta:

Brahmanyaadhaaya karmaani

Sangam tyaktvaa karoti yaha

Lipyate Na SA paapena

Padma patram ivaambhasaa

Page 35 of 92

He who does actions, offering them to Brahman (the Supreme), abandoning

attachment, is not tainted by sin, just as a lotus leaf remains unaffected by the

water on it.

From this, we learn that what is natural to the man of wisdom becomes a

discipline to be practiced by all saadhakas or spiritual seekers and devotees.

Our bodies have certain energy centers described in the Yoga Shaastras as

chakras.

Each one is associated with lotus that has a certain number of petals. For

example, a lotus with a thousand petals represents the Sahasra chakra at the

top of the head, which opens when the yogi attains Godhood or Realisation.

Also, the lotus posture (padmaasana) is recommended when one sits for

meditation. A lotus emerged from the navel of Lord Vishnu. Lord Brahma

originated from it to create the world. Hence, the lotus symbolizes the link

between the creator and the supreme Cause.

It also symbolizes Brahmaloka, the abode of Lord Brahma. The auspicious

sign of the swastika is said to have evolved from the lotus.

17. Why do we worship tulasi?

In Sanskrit, tulanaa naasti athaiva tulasi - that which is

incomparable (in its qualities) is the tulasi.

For Indians it is one of the most sacred plants. In fact it is known

to be the only thing used in worship, which, once used, can be

washed and reused in pooja - as it is regarded so self-purifying.

As one story goes, Tulasi was the devoted wife of

Shankhachuda, a celestial being. She believed that Lord

Krishna tricked her into sinning. So she cursed Him to become a

stone (shaaligraama). Seeing her devotion and adhered to

righteousness, the Lord blessed her saying that she would become the

worshipped plant, tulasi that would adorn His head.

Also that all offerings would be incomplete without the tulasi leaf - hence the

worship of tulasi.

She also symbolises Goddess Lakshmi, the consort of Lord Vishnu. Those who wish

to be righteous and have a happy family life worship the tulasi.

Tulasiis married to the Lord with all pomp and show as in any wedding.

This is because according to another legend, the Lord blessed her to be His

Page 36 of 92

consort. Satyabhama once weighed Lord Krishna against all her legendary

wealth. The scales did not balance till a single tulasi leaf was placed along with

the wealth on the scale by Rukmini with devotion.

Thus the tulasi played the vital role of demonstrating to the world that even a

small object offered with devotion means more to the Lord than all the wealth in

the world.

The tulasi leaf has great medicinal value and is used to cure various ailments,

including the common cold.

Yanmule sarvatirhaani

Yannagre sarvadevataa

Yanmadhye sarvavedaascha

Tulasi taam namaamyaham

I bow down to the tulasi, At whose base are all the holy places, At whose top

reside all the deities and In whose middle are all the Vedas.

18. Why do we blow the conch?

When the conch is blown, the primordial sound of

Om emanates. Om is an auspicious sound that was

chanted by the Lord before creating the world. It

represents the world and the Truth behind it.

As the story goes, the demon Shankhaasura

defeated devas, the Vedas and went to the bottom

of the ocean. The devas appealed to Lord Vishnu for help. He incarnated as

Matsya Avataara - the "fish incarnation" and killed Shankhaasura. The Lord blew

the conch-shaped bone of his ear and head. The Om sound emanated, from

which emerged the Vedas.

All knowledge enshrined in the Vedas is an elaboration of Om. The conch

therefore is known as shankha after Shankaasua. The conch blown by the Lord is

called Paanchajanya. He carries it at all times in one of His four hands.

It represents dharma or righteousness that is one of the four goals

(purushaarthas) of life. The sound of the conch is thus also the victory call of

good over evil.

Another well-known purpose of blowing the conch and the instruments, known

traditionally to produce auspicious sounds is to drown or mask negative

Page 37 of 92

comments or noises that may disturb or upset the

atmosphere or the minds of worshippers.

Ancient India lived in her villages. Each village was presided

over by a primary temple and several small ones. During the

aarati performed after all-important poojas and on sacred

occasions, the conch used to be blown. Since villages were

generally small, the sound of the conch would be heard all

over the village. People who could not make it to the temple

were reminded to stop whatever they were doing, at least for a few seconds,

and mentally bow to the Lord. The conch sound served to briefly elevate

people's minds to a prayerful attitude even in the middle of their busy daily

routine.

The conch is placed at the altar in temples and homes next to the Lord as a

symbol of Naada Brahma (Truth), the Vedas, Om, dharma, victory and

auspiciousness. It is often used to offer devotees thirtha (sanctified water) to

raise their minds to the highest Truth. It is worshipped with the following verse.

Twam puraa saagarot pannaha

Vishnunaa vidhrutahakare

Devaischa poojitha sarvahi

Panchjanya namostute Te

Salutations to Panchajanya

the conch born of the ocean

Held in the hand of Lord Vishnu >and worshipped by all devas

19. Why do we say shaanti thrice?

Shaanti, meaning "peace", is a natural state of

being. Disturbances are created either by others or

us. For example, peace already exists in a place

until someone makes noise.

Therefore, peace underlies all our agitations. When

agitations end, peace is naturally experienced since

it was already there. Where there is peace, there is

happiness. Therefore, every one without exception desires peace in his/her life.

However, peace within or without seems very hard to attain because it is

covered by our own agitations. A rare few manage to remain peaceful within

even in the midst of external agitation and troubles. To invoke peace, we chant

prayers. By chanting prayers, troubles end and peace is experienced internally,

irrespective of the external disturbances. All such prayers end by chanting

Page 38 of 92

shaanti thrice.

It is believed that trivaram satyam - that which is said thrice comes true. For

emphasizing a point we repeat a thing thrice. In the court of law also, one who

takes the witness stands says, "I shall speak the truth, the whole truth and nothing

but the truth".

We chant shaanti thrice to emphasise our intense desire for

peace. All obstacles, problems and sorrows originate from

three sources.

Aadhidaivika: The unseen divine forces over which we

have little or no control like earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions etc.

Aadhibhautika: The known factors around us like accidents, human contacts,

pollution, crime etc.

Aadhyaatmika: We sincerely pray to the Lord that at least while we undertake

special tasks or even in our daily lives, there are no problems or that, problems

are minimised from the three sources written about above.

May peace alone prevail? Hence shaanti is chanted thrice.

It is chanted aloud the first time, addressing the unseen forces. It is chanted

softer the second time, directed to our immediate surroundings and those

around, and softest the last time as it is addressed to oneself.

20. Why do we offer a coconut?

In India one of the most common offerings in a

temple is a coconut. It is also offered on occasions

like weddings, festivals, the use of a new vehicle,

bridge, house etc. It is offered in the sacrificial fire

whilst performing homa. The coconut is broken and

placed before the Lord. It is later distributed as

prasaada.

The fibre covering of the dried coconut is removed

except for a tuft on the top. The marks on the coconut make it look like the

head of a human being. The coconut is broken, symbolising the breaking of the

ego. The juice within, representing the inner tendencies (vaasanas) is offered

along with the white kernel - the mind, to the Lord.

A mind thus purified by the touch of the Lord is used as prasaada (a holy gift). In

the traditional abhisheka ritual done in all temples and many homes, several

materials are poured over the deity like milk, curd, honey, tender coconut

Page 39 of 92

water, sandal paste, holy ash etc. Each material has a specific significance of

bestowing certain benefits on worshippers. Tender coconut water is used in

abhisheka rituals since it is believed to bestow spiritual growth on the seeker.

The coconut also symbolises selfless service. Every part of the tree -the trunk,

leaves, fruit, coir etc. Is used in innumerable ways like thatches, mats, tasty

dishes, oil, soap etc. It takes in even salty water from the earth and converts it

into sweet nutritive water that is especially beneficial to sick people. It is used in

the preparation of many ayurvedic medicines and in other alternative

medicinal systems.

The marks on the coconut are even thought to represent the three-eyed

Lord Shiva and therefore it is considered to be a means to fulfill our desires.

21. Why do we chant Om?

Om is one of the most chanted sound symbols in India. It has a profound effect

on the body and mind of the one who chants and also

on the surroundings. Most mantras and Vedic prayers start

with Om.

All auspicious actions begin with Om. It is even used as a

greeting - Om, Hari Om etc. It is repeated as a mantra or

meditated upon. Its form is worshipped, contemplated

upon or used as an auspicious sign.

Om is the universal name of the Lord. It is made up of the

letters A (phonetically as in "around"), U (phonetically as

in "put") and M (phonetically as in "mum"). The sound emerging from the vocal

chords starts from the base of the throat as "A". With the coming together of the

lips, "U" is formed and when the lips are closed, all sounds end in "M".

The three letters symbolize the three states (waking, dream and deep

sleep), the three deities (Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva), the three Vedas (Rig, Yajur

and Sama) the three worlds (Bhuh, Bhuvah, Suvah) etc. The Lord is all these and

beyond.

The formless, attributeless Lord (Brahman) is represented by the silence between

two Om Chants. Om is also called pranava that means, "That (symbol or sound)

by which the Lord is praised". The entire essence of the Vedas is enshrined in the

word Om. It is said that the Lord started creating the world after chanting Om

and atha. Hence its sound is considered to create an auspicious beginning for

any task that we undertake. The Om chant should have the resounding sound

of a bell (aaooommm).

Om is written in different ways in different places. The most common form

Page 40 of 92

symbolizes Lord Ganesha's. The upper curve is the head; the lower large one,

the stomach; the side one, the trunk; and the semi-circular mark with the dot,

the sweetmeat ball (modaka) in Lord Ganesha's hand. Thus Om symbolizes

everything - the means and the goal of life, the world and the Truth behind it,

the material and the Sacred, all form and the Formless.

22. Why do we do aarati?

Towards the end of every ritualistic worship

(pooja or bhajans) of the Lord or to welcome

an honored guest or saint, we perform the

aarati. This is always accompanied by the

ringing of the bell and sometimes by singing,

playing of musical instruments and clapping. >It

is one of the sixteen steps (shodasha upachaara) of the pooja ritual. It is referred

to as the lighted lamp in the right hand, which we wave in a clockwise circling

movement to light the entire form of the Lord.

Each part is revealed individually and also the entire form of the Lord. As the

light is waved we either do mental or loud chanting of prayers or simply behold

the beautiful form of the Lord, illumined by the lamp. At the end of the

aarati we place our hands over the flame and then gently touch our eyes and

the top of the head.

We have seen and participated in this ritual from our childhood. Let us find out

why we do the aarati?

Having worshipped the Lord of love - performing abhisheka, decorating the

image and offering fruits and delicacies, we see the beauty of the Lord in all His

glory. Our minds are focused on each limb of the Lord as the lamp lights it up. It

is akin to silent open-eyed meditation on His beauty. The singing, clapping,

ringing of the bell etc. denote the joy and auspiciousness, which accompanies

the vision of the Lord.

>Aarati is often performed with camphor. This holds a telling spiritual

significance. Camphor when lit burns itself out completely without leaving a

trace of it. It represents our inherent tendencies (vaasanas). When lit by the fire

of knowledge which illumines the Lord (Truth), our vaasanas thereafter burn

themselves out completely, not leaving a trace of ego which creates in us a

sense of individuality that keeps us separate from the Lord.

Also while camphor burns to reveal the glory of Lord, it emits a pleasant perfume

even while it sacrifices itself. In our spiritual progress, even as we serve the guru

and society, we should willingly sacrifice ourselves and all we have, to spread

the "perfume" of love to all. We often wait a long while to see the illumined Lord

but when the aarati is actually performed; our eyes close automatically as if to

look within. This is to signify that each of us is a temple of the Lord.

Page 41 of 92

Just as the priest reveals the form of the Lord clearly

with the aarati flame, so too the guru reveals to us

the divinity within each of us with the help of the

"flame" of knowledge (or the light of spiritual

knowledge). At the end of the aarati, we place our

hands over the flame and then touch our eyes and

the top of the head. It means - May the light that

illuminated the Lord light up my vision; May my

vision be divine and my thoughts noble and beautiful.

The philosophical meaning of aarati extends further. The sun, moon, stars,

lightning and fire are the natural sources of light. The Lord is the source of this

wondrous phenomenon of the universe. It is due to Him alone that all else exists

and shine. As we light up the Lord with the flame of the aarati, we turn our

attention to the very source of all light, which symbolizes knowledge and life.

Also the sun is the presiding deity of the intellect, the moon, that of the mind,

and fire, that of speech. The Lord is the supreme consciousness that illuminates

all of them. Without Him, the intellect cannot think, nor can neither the mind feel

nor the tongue speak. The Lord is beyond the mind, intellect and speech. How

can this finite equipment illuminate the Lord? Therefore, as we perform the

aarati we chant;

Na tatra suryo bhaati Na chandra taarakam

Nemaa vidyuto bhaanti kutoyamagnib

Tameva bhaantam anubhaati sarvam

Tasya bhasa sarvam idam vibhaati

He is there where the sun does not shine, >Nor the moon, stars and lightning.

Then what to talk of this small flame (in my hand),

everything (in the universe) shines only after the Lord,

And by His light alone are we all illumined.

Page 42 of 92

11. Hindu Mythology

http://hindumythologybynarin.blogspot.in/

OPEN THE WEB SITE. U WILL SEE NUMBER OF PICTURES. CLICK

ON EACH PICTURE DIALOGUE BOX OPEN. IT GIVES THE FULL

STORY OF THAT PICTURE

12. Coffee Origin

How filter kaapi made it to Chennai Asha Sridhar

>

>

> - [image: Though coffee is said to have reached the shores of India,

> along with tea, in the 17th century, it was not until the end of the 19th

> century that coffee and it's `cultural other', tea, became a phenomenon in

> India -- Photo: Bijoy Ghosh]

> Though coffee is said to have reached the

shores of India, along with

> tea, in the 17th century, it was not until the

end of the 19th century that

> coffee and it's `cultural other', tea,

became a phenomenon in India --

> Photo: Bijoy Ghosh

> -

>

> Asha Sridhar on the Ethiopian-origin beverage that became intrinsically

> linked to colonialism

>

> Chennai-bred entrepreneur S. Sujan (24) first took to coffee while studying

> in Scotland, four years ago. In his words, he "put up with the espressos

> and cappuccinos", and when he came back home, got himself a filter and

> coffee powder to have "real coffee".

>

> New-age coffee shops, with their swanky couches and bloated prices, may

> have introduced the culture of drinking coffee to a new demographic, but

> youngsters like Sujan have chosen to keep alive a living tradition, where

> filter coffee is not just another drink.

http://hindumythologybynarin.blogspot.in/

Page 43 of 92

>

> But, this drink which has, over the years, lapped up fierce loyalists,

> self-confessed connoisseurs and coffee puritans who spend much of their

> time contemplating the proportion in which the varieties of beans should be

> ground, its storage, how often fresh coffee should be purchased, and the

> best way of savoring it, made headway into Tamil society only in the early

> 1900s, say scholars.

>

> When author and historian Pradeep

Chakravarthy's grandmother went to

> Ananthakrishnapuram in Tirunelveli as a new bride

in 1916, she was the

> first one to brew coffee in the village. "When they

first saw the coffee

> filter, discussions surrounding coffee and the filter

ensued for a week,

> and gradually, even the extremely orthodox

members began to consume it," he

> says.

>

> So how did coffee, which traces its origin to

Ethiopia, make headway in the

> south and in the city? Though it is said to have

reached the shores of

> India, along with tea, in the 17th century, it was

not until the end of the

> 19th century that coffee and it's `cultural other', tea, became a

> phenomenon in India, says A.R. Venkatachalapathy, author and professor,

> Madras Institute of Development Studies, in his book, *In those days there

> was no coffee: Writings in cultural history*.

>

> The cultivation of coffee and tea was linked to colonialism, and in the

> literature of the time, it was described as a drink of the Europeans,

> before it percolated to the emerging middle classes, and in some places, to

> the working class. Prof. Venkatachalapathy says coffee replaced traditional

> beverages like *neeragaram*, *kanji* and buttermilk.

>

> When coffee came to be patronized by a class educated in modern schools

and

> worked in jobs created by colonialism, it gained new cultural connotations,

> and came to be perceived as `modern'. And this modern drink came at a

> price.

>

> "Unlike tea, coffee was an expensive drink. It naturally lent itself to

Page 44 of 92

> that bracket because unlike tea which brews better in water, coffee was

> brewed in milk, and milk was expensive," he says. In the 80s, it was common

> practice in Madras to borrow coffee powder from neighbors, for a day or

> two, because it was expensive.

>

> Venu Srinivasan, partner, Leo Coffee, whose grandfather set up their first

> outlet in Mylapore in 1971, says, back then, households were loyal to their

> neighborhood coffee-maker, and there were only a handful of families that

> consumed coffee. "In the 1970s, our coffee was priced at Rs. 10 per kg

> which was considered expensive. It was always a niche product," he says,

> adding, it grew to be widely-consumed only over the last decade.

>

> And it is not just south Indians who cherish their filter *kaapi*. "Though

> we are Gujaratis, our day does not begin without a cup of filter coffee. I

> began having filter coffee as a child at my mother's place, and the

> practice continued even after I got married. While we have tea in the

> evening with snacks or biscuits, filter coffee has to be had with no

> accompaniment to be relished," says Jamuna Dave.

>

> And ask old timers about their favorite coffee haunts in the city, their

> answers range from Karpagambal Mess and Rayars Mess in Mylapore to Hotel

> Krishna Prasad on N.S.C. Bose Road and Vasantha Bhavan in Anna Nagar.

13. Canada Medicals

Medical Facilities in Canada

Canada is a developed country with a low population of around 33 million of

people. This is about half the population of undivided Andhra Pradesh. The

statistics is given below:

R

an

k

Name[1]

Popu

latio

n

(2011

Cens

us)

Perc

ent

of

natio

nal

popu

latio

n

(2011

)

%

gro

wt

h

(20

06–

11)

Lan

d

area

(km

²)

Popu

latio

n

densi

ty

(/km2

)

Hou

se of

Com

mon

s

seats

Hou

se of

Com

mon

s

seats

(%)

2013

popu

latio

n

(July est.)

[

2]

Perc

ent

of

natio

nal

popu

latio

n

(2013

)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provinces_and_territories_by_population#cite_note-2011census-1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_2011_Census



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_House_of_Commons





http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provinces_and_territories_by_population#cite_note-estimates-2


Page 45 of 92

R

an

k

Name[1]

Popu

latio

n

(2011

Cens

us)

Perc

ent

of

natio

nal

popu

latio

n

(2011

)

%

gro

wt

h

(20

06–

11)

Lan

d

area

(km

²)

Popu

latio

n

densi

ty

(/km2

)

Hou

se of

Com

mon

s

seats

Hou

se of

Com

mon

s

seats

(%)

2013

popu

latio

n

(July est.)

[

2]

Perc

ent

of

natio

nal

popu

latio

n

(2013

)

1 Ontario 12,851,8

21 38.4% 5.7%

908,607

.67 14.1 106 34.4%

13,537,9

94 38.5%

2 Quebec 7,903,00

1 23.6% 4.7%

1,356,5

47.02 5.8 75 24.4%

8,155,33

4 23.2%

3 British

Columbia

4,400,05

7 13.1% 7.0%

922,509

.29 4.8 36 11.7%

4,581,97

8 13%

4 Alberta 3,645,25

7 10.9% 10.8%

640,081

.87 5.7 28 9.1%

4,025,07

4 11.4%

5 Manitoba 1,208,26

8 3.6% 5.2%

552,329

.52 2.2 14 4.5%

1,265,01

5 3.6%

6 Saskatchewa

n

1,033,38

1 3.1% 6.7%

588,239

.21 1.8 14 4.5%

1,108,30

3 3.2%

7 Nova Scotia 921,727 2.8% 0.9% 52,939.

44 17.4 11 3.6% 940,789 2.7%

8 New

Brunswick 751,171 2.2% 2.9%

71,377.

18 10.5 10 3.2% 756,050 2.2%

9 Newfoundla

nd and Labrador 514,536 1.5% 1.8%

370,510

.76 1.4 7 2.3% 526,702 1.5%












http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Brunswick

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Brunswick

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ontario.svg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Quebec.svg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Alberta.svg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Manitoba.svg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg

Page 46 of 92

R

an

k

Name[1]

Popu

latio

n

(2011

Cens

us)

Perc

ent

of

natio

nal

popu

latio

n

(2011

)

%

gro

wt

h

(20

06–

11)

Lan

d

area

(km

²)

Popu

latio

n

densi

ty

(/km2

)

Hou

se of

Com

mon

s

seats

Hou

se of

Com

mon

s

seats

(%)

2013

popu

latio

n

(July est.)

[

2]

Perc

ent

of

natio

nal

popu

latio

n

(2013

)

10 Prince

Edward Island 140,204 0.4% 3.2%

5,685.7

3 24.7 4 1.3% 145,237 0.4%

11 Northwest

Territories 41,462 0.1% 0.0

1,143,7

93.47 0.0 1 0.3% 43,537 0.1%

12 Yukon 33,897 0.1% 11.6% 474,712

.64 0.1 1 0.3% 36,700 0.1%

13 Nunavut 31,906 0.1% 8.3% 1,877,7

87.62 0.0 1 0.3% 35,591 0.1%

Total Canada 33,476,6

88 100% 5.9%

8,965,1

21.42 3.7 308 100%

35,158,3

04 100%

Canada due to low population with huge land area extending from Atlantic

Ocean on the east to Pacific Ocean on the west and a variety of huge

resources lacks in skilled man power. In order to have additional skilled

personnel it allows immigration of skilled personnel from across the world. It now

allows yearly 250,000 immigrants.

Canada has good Governance by the federal Government with its capital at

Ottawa. The economy is very high












http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukon

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunavut

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg

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There is a single one point taxation at 13 percent. Except for food and drugs

which are lower. All people pay taxes and there is no tax evasion. Government

provides all basic facilities to its people. There are no power cuts or power

breaks. Round the clock power is available through per capita consumption of

power is very high.

Infrastructure is good with high degree of high

maintenance.

Medical Facilities

Canada is the only country in the entire world providing

Medical Facilities free to all its citizens. The doctors provide a high degree of

medical advice and drugs appropriate to the identified diseases. There are

sophisticated modern world class Hospitals for in patients all free including drugs

and food.

There are medical walk in clinics in all places near to the place of residence.

Every person a citizen or an immigrant holding permanent residency is issued

with a health card for each province. This health card entitles free health facility.

Walk in Clinics

A patient can walk into any clinic for medical attendance. The doctor after

examination prescribes the drugs. People in service have to pay for drugs. But

these are reimbursed to them by their employers to an extent of

80 percent through their group health insurance policies.

Senior citizens of age 65 and above enjoy the facility of free

drugs. The doctor’s e mail the drugs to the Pharmacy usually

located in the same premises. The patient can collect the medicines on

payment and senior citizens free from the pharmacy. Subsequent monthly

medicines are delivered free of cost by the pharmacy to the patients home

Every citizen has to get registered for a family doctor of his choice from any of

the walk in clinics. The patient will have to go to that doctor every time

for his medical attendance. The family doctor keeps complete record

of the patient electronically. All test done, medicines prescribed

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lab reports of pathological tests conducted, X ray reports, scan reports etc. all

are maintained.

Senior citizens have to undergo a set of prescribed tests compulsorily every year.

The complete blood picture, blood pressure, eyes test, bone density, prostate

gland. Stools test, x ray, ECG, echo, stomach scan, EEG where warranted, all

physical tests, any other tests pertaining to medical history of patient such

tuberculosis, kidney stones, strokes, etc.

The family doctor prescribes these tests and sends patients to concerned labs

and centre for carrying out these tests free. An appointment has to be got

booked for these tests and on the appointed day these will be carried out. The

test reports are sent to the family doctor who takes necessary further action as

required. An appointment has to be booked to visit a family doctor. If

appointed time we don’t attend there is a heavy penalty. Appointment can be

got postponed or cancelled at least 24 hours before time of appointment.

The doctors cannot have private practice in fact there are no private doctors.

But The Medical Facilities do not cover dental problems. These are treated by

private practising dental doctors. These are all private clinics and have to be

paid for the services.

Physically Challenges Persons

Special care is taken for physically challenged patients. They are

provided free wheel chairs where warranted, free travel in buses,

special reserved parking at all places, Facility to board buses along

with wheel chair.

The treatment for eyes is covered but the eye specks are not covered in these

facilities. Further hearing problem treatment is free but hearing aids are not free

but are with a subsidy. All types of surgery, hospitalisation, and drugs when

admitted in hospital are all free. The accidents patients are treated free.

Ambulance Services

In case of emergency if u phone 911 and ambulance comes to u r

house to pick up and will take you to nearest hospital and

treatment offered on emergency basis. Similarly due to emergency

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a patient can walk into any hospital for admission and get treated.

Chronic Diseases

The chronic diseases are periodical reviewed by family doctor and rugs

adjusted accordingly. The monthly medicines are supplied by the Pharmacy to

the patient at his door step free of cost.

The health department maintains the cost incurred per year on each person in

the country and can be had on request.

Test Reports

Similarly all test reports are maintained electronically by the family doctor. If

copies are required by patient it will be given on a small fee. In fact this

requirement does not arise.

There are various insurance companies for dental insurance. With a monthly or

yearly premium the dental treatments are all free for the family.

Pharmacy

The Pharmacy is out sourced by Government. It is in most cases situated

along with the walk in clinics. They are also located in Malls. No Pharmacy

will sell drugs without Doctor’s prescription except a few drugs which are

common like cough syrups etc. They are manned by qualified person with

diploma or degree in Pharmacy. They issue the medicines based on

Doctors prescriptions in plastic bottles which are child proof for opening.

The bottles are labelled with patients name, doctor’s name, medicine

name etc. so that it is not misused. The costs are reimbursed by

Government.

Review

I have been visiting Canada since 2002. I became a permanent Resident in

2007. Since then I am visiting here frequently. I am enjoying all medical benefits

free of cost a world class treatment being a senior citizen. Though the

temperatures are low with just 2 months July and August summer months with 32

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To 34 C temperatures and up to minus 20 in

winter months with

snow fall. But life

never stops here. All

roads are cleared

of snow

immediately by

Government for easy commuting. Canada a lovely place to live and enjoy the

facilities with good Governance and infrastructure facilities especially for people

from India more so for senior citizens.

Compiled by: Krishna Rao Khanapur

14. Benefits of Basmati Rice.

Benefits of Eating Basmati Rice According to Ayurveda

Published on Apr 13 2014 06:53 AM | Posted by Radha Pukan | Health and

Ayurveda | 2,710 views

Since centuries rice forms an essential component of the Indian diet. It

symbolizes fertility, wealth and good health according to Hindu customs.

Ancient priests used it as a component of worship. Even today across cultures,

rice is thrown at newlyweds as a blessing of healthy offspring and everlasting

prosperity. It is in fact a staple food of India, with most Indian homes serving the

same every day. It is said to be the very foundation of nourishment. The food

that we eat daily directly affects our natural constitution. Our constitution in turn

is based on our inherent doshas. This is why a balanced diet helps to balance

the natural doshas presence. Depending on whether one is vata, pitta or kapha

dominant, one must design a specific diet for regular nutrition. Ayurveda has a

beautiful dietary plan suiting each kind of body type. Different foods are known

http://www.remedyspot.com/news/health-and-ayurveda/

http://www.remedyspot.com/news/health-and-ayurveda/

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to produce one of these three doshas aspects as well. Hence, we must have

knowledge on the apt food for our inherent constitution.

There are several dozen varieties of rice such as Jasmine, Arboria,

Japanese, Brown rice, Red rice, Black rice, Wild rice, Texmati (from Texas),

Calmati (from California), and the original basmati rice from India. An exotic

type of rice, basmati and its versions are thin and long stemmed. There are both

brown basmati as well as white basmati versions of the rice. It has several

wondrous properties. Rice is a contributor to the buildup of ojas and interestingly

it is said to smell of burnt rice. Of all the rice varieties basmati is the most Sattvic

and aromatic. It fulfills several functions in Ayurveda nutrition. Its rasa, or quality

of taste, is sweet, that in turn offers a deep satisfaction. During the process of

digestion, its virya or energetic impact on the inner digestive fires tends to be

cooling. And finally, its vipaka or post-digestion effect is also sweet and provides

a great sense of contentment and comfort.

Basmati rice can be cooked in an amazing

variety of ways. Usually this kind of rice is used to

cook special saffron infused pulao, biryani and

sweet rice pudding with fruits, milk and speckled

with a dash of ghee. It can also be combined

with beans, nuts, cottage cheese, and

vegetables for wholesome and nutritious dishes.

Rice can also be spiced with a variety of herbs

such as basil, cardamom, fennel, etc. Basmati rice is

not one for everyday eating but for special occasions and generally families in

India treats themselves with basmati every weekend.

What one doesn’t realize is the amazing properties of basmati rice in balancing

doshas. It is specifically evident in the case of Kapha and Pitta doshas. Rice is

the most nourishing and easy to digest. It offers more calories with less effort from

the point of view of the digestive tracts. While in the West, brown rice is known

for health reasons due to its bran and fiber content, Ayurveda advises long-

grained and aromatic basmati rice. It is pure and nutritious while balancing

physiology. Basmati rice builds body tissue and is very rich in prana or vital bio-

energy. In fact plain rice is a good snack too and doesn’t really disturb the inner

digestive fires. It is a valuable food for those recovering from an illness and a

basis of Samsarjana Karma.

There are many benefits of including rice as a part of one’s diet. Ayurveda

recommends the six fundamental tastes on the plate during meal times. This

includes sweet, sour, salty, bitter, pungent and astringent. Rice is one of the

major constituents of Ayurveda meals that add a flavor of sweetness. It is light,

soft and nourishing when cooked. It also has a wonderful cooling nature and it

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thus plays an important role in balancing the Vata and Pitta doshas. To balance

Vata doshas, one must consume well-cooked rice soaked and boiled in water.

In Sattvic meals a dash of clarified butter (ghee) is added while cooking the

rice. Desserts made with rice and milk is predominantly cooling and

complementary for Pitta doshas. Basmati rice is great for such preparations. But

such rice does in fact create a volume of mucus. Due to this reason it becomes

important for those with Kapha doshas predominance to avoid eating rice too

often. Dry-roasting it prior to eating is a good idea as it lessens heaviness.

One must be careful about how the rice is cooked. Rice that is cooked 'al

dente', without enough water, can cause gas, bloating and constipation for

Vata people. It must be cooked in water for a long while and finally strained

from it. If rice gives one gas, then one must add extra water and cook it until it is

soft and puffy. This is the right way to eat. Poorly digested food becomes poison

or aama in the digestive tract. Rice has good medicinal value too and can

counter aama. Ayurveda recommends white rice for issues like gas, bloating, or

indigestion.

How to Cook Basmati Rice

How to cook the perfect basmati rice: In a medium pot combine one part rice

and 2½ parts water and bring the same to a gentle boil. This must be cooked till

rice settles below becoming puffy and a small amount of water remains in the

pot. One must never stir the pot and let the water evaporate. Some people also

put excess water and then strain it once the rice is fully cooked. One must finally

remove the pot from the heat and then proceed to cover it. In an ideal situation

its best to let the basmati rice stand for about 10 to 15 minutes prior to serving. To

test if the rice is cooked well one can press a few grains between the fingers.

Most people in India prefer distinct fluffy grains, not sticky or hard ones as they

eat it with their bare hands.

The following are some of the well-known varieties of basmati rice. Among

Indian varieties there are: basmati-370, basmati-385, ranbirsinghpura basmati,

Punjab basmati, Uttar Pradesh basmati, safidon basmati, Haryana basmati,

kasturi basmati, Bihar basmati, mahi suganda basmati, super basmati and push

basmati. Outside of India there are varieties called as texmati and pishori

basmati.

Health Benefits of Brown Basmati Rice

Among all varieties of rice, brown basmati rice provides the most benefits for

your health and nutrition. Brown basmati rice is basmati rice that has not had the

outer bran layer removed. It is considered healthier as there are more vitamins

and fiber present in the outer bran layer. Brown basmati rice contains about 20%

more fiber than other types of brown rice. This fiber helps prevent the formation

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of cancerous cells in the body. Brown basmati rice is unprocessed (unpolished)

and thus contains more nutrition and vitamins than other forms of polished rice.

Brown basmati rice is perhaps the healthiest rice one can eat. The benefits of

basmati rice are many, and they increase even more when you eat the rice in

its natural unprocessed form as brown basmati rice.

According to the Canadian Diabetes Association, basmati rice has a "medium"

glycemic index, which is lower than other varieties of rice and thus better suited

for those who suffer from diabetes.

Due to all these reasons and more, for centuries now, aromatic basmati rice has

proved to be a great healing food. Ayurveda supports its properties and

recommends it to every human being. It is not expensive and can be a part of

your regular meals.

Author's Name: Radha Pukan

15. 1000 Proverbs FOR THE JOY OF SHARING GOOD THINGS

1000 English Proverbs and Sayings

>1. A bad beginning makes a bad ending.

> 2. A bad corn promise is better than a good lawsuit.

> 3. A bad workman quarrels with his tools.

> 4. A bargain is a bargain.

> 5. A beggar can never be bankrupt.

> 6. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

> 7. A bird may be known by its song.

> 8. A black hen lays a white egg.

> 9. A blind leader of the blind.

> 10. A blind man would be glad to see.

> 11. A broken friendship may be soldered, but will never be sound.

> 12. A burden of one's own choice is not felt.

> 13. A burnt child dreads the fire.

> 14. A cat in gloves catches no mice.

> 15. A city that parleys is half gotten.

> 16. A civil denial is better than a rude grant.

> 17. A clean fast is better than a dirty breakfast.

> 18. A clean hand wants no washing.

> 19. A clear conscience laughs at false accusations.

> 20. A close mouth catches no flies.

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> 21. A cock is valiant on his own dunghill.

> 22. A cracked bell can never sound well.

> 23. A creaking door hangs long on its hinges.

> 24. A curst cow has short horns.

> 25. A danger foreseen is half avoided.

> 26. A drop in the bucket.

> 27. A drowning man will catch at a straw.

> 28. A fair face may hide a foul heart.

> 29. A fault confessed is half redressed.

> 30. A fly in the ointment.

> 31. A fool always rushes to the fore.

> 32. A fool and his money are soon parted.

> 33. A fool at forty is a fool indeed.

> 34. A fool may ask more questions in an hour than a wise man can answer in

seven years.

> 35. A fool may throw a stone into a well which a hundred wise men cannot

pull out.

> 36. A fool's tongue runs before his wit.

> 37. A forced kindness deserves no thanks.

> 38. A foul morn may turn to a fair day.

> 39. A fox is not taken twice in the same snare.

> 40. A friend in need is a friend indeed.

> 43. A friend is never known till needed.

> 42. A friend to all is a friend to none.

> 43. A friend's frown is better than a foe's smile.

> 44. A good anvil does not fear the hammer.

> 45. A good beginning is half the battle.

> 46. A good beginning makes a good ending.

> 47. A good deed is never lost.

> 48. A good dog deserves a good bone.

> 49. A good example is the best sermon.

> 50. A good face is a letter of recommendation.

> 51. A good Jack makes a good Jill.

> 52. A good marksman may miss.

> 53. A good name is better than riches.

> 54. A good name is sooner lost than won.

> 55. A good name keeps its lustre in the dark.

> 56. A good wife makes a good husband.

> 57. A great dowry is a bed full of brambles.

> 58. A great fortune is a great slavery.

> 59. A great ship asks deep waters.

> 60. A guilty conscience needs no accuser.

> 61. A hard nut to crack.

> 62. A heavy purse makes a light heart.

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> 63. A hedge between keeps friendship green.

> 64. A honey tongue, a heart of gall.

> 65. A hungry belly has no ears.

> 66. A hungry man is an angry man.

> 67. A Jack of all trades is master of none.

> 68. A Joke never gains an enemy but often loses a friend.

> 69. A lawyer never goes to law himself.

> 70. A lazy sheep thinks its wool heavy.

> 71. A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth.

> 72. A lie begets a lie.

> 73. A light purse is a heavy curse.

> 74. A light purse makes a heavy heart.

> 75. A little body often harbors a great soul.

> 76. A little fire is quickly trodden out.

> 77. A man can die but once.

> 78. A man can do no more than he can.

> 79. A man is known by the company he keeps.

> 80. A man of words and not of deeds is like a garden full of weeds.

> 81. A miserly father makes a prodigal son.

> 82. A miss is as good as a mile.

> 83. A new broom sweeps clean.

> 84. A nod from a lord is a breakfast for a fool.

> 85. A penny saved is a penny gained.

> 86. A penny soul never came to two pence.

> 87. A quiet conscience sleeps in thunder.

> 88. A rolling stone gathers no moss.

> 89. A round peg in a square hole.

> 90. A shy cat makes a proud mouse.

> 91. A silent fool is counted wise.

> 92. A small leak will sink a great ship.

> 93. A soft answer turns away wrath.

> 94. A sound mind in a sound body.

> 95. A stitch in time saves nine.

> 96. A storm in a teacup.

> 97. A tattler is worse than a thief.

> 98. A thief knows a thief as a wolf knows a wolf.

> 99. A thief passes for a gentleman when stealing has made him rich.

> 100. A threatened blow is seldom given.

> 101. A tree is known by its fruit.

> 102. A wager is a fool's argument.

> 103. A watched pot never boils.

> 104. A wise man changes his mind, a fool never will.

> 105. A wolf in sheep's clothing.

> 106. A wonder lasts but nine days.

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> 107. A word is enough to the wise.

> 108. A word spoken is past recalling.

> 109. Actions speak louder than words.

> 110. Adversity is a great schoolmaster.

> 111. Adversity makes strange bedfellows.

> 112. After a storm comes calm.

> 113. After dinner comes the reckoning.

> 114. After dinner sit (sleep) a while, after supper walk a mile.

> 115. After rain comes fair weather.

> 116. After us the deluge.

> 117. Agues come on horseback, but go away on foot.

> 118. All are good lasses, but whence come the bad wives?

> 119. All are not friends that speak us fair.

> 120. All are not hunters that blow the horn.

> 121. All are not merry that dance lightly.

> 122. All are not saints that go to church.

> 123. All asses wag their ears.

> 124. All bread is not baked in one oven.

> 125. All cats are grey in the dark (in the night).

> 126. All covet, all lose.

> 127. All doors open to courtesy.

> 128. All is fish that comes to his net.

> 129. All is not lost that is in peril.

> 130. All is well that ends well.

> 131. All lay load on the willing horse.

> 132. All men can't be first.

> 133. All men can't be masters.

> 134. All promises are either broken or kept.

> 135. All roads lead to Rome.

> 136. All sugar and honey.

> 137. All that glitters is not gold.

> 138. All things are difficult before they are easy.

> 139. All truths are not to be told.

> 140. All work and no play make Jack a dull boy.

> 141. "Almost" never killed a fly (was never hanged).

> 142. Among the blind the one-eyed man is king.

> 143. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

> 144. An ass in a lion's skin.

> 145. An ass is but an ass, though laden with gold.

> 146. An ass loaded with gold climbs to the top of the castle.

> 147. An empty hand is no lure for a hawk.

> 148. An empty sack cannot stand upright.

> 149. An empty vessel gives a greater sound than a full barrel.

> 150. An evil chance seldom comes alone.

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> 151. An honest tale speeds best, being plainly told.

> 152. An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.

> 153. An idle brain is the devil's workshop.

> 154. An ill wound is cured, not an ill name.

> 155. An oak is not felled at one stroke.

> 156. An old dog barks not in vain.

> 157. An open door may tempt a saint.

> 158. An ounce of discretion is worth a pound of learning.

> 159. An ox is taken by the horns and a man by the tongue.

> 160. An unfortunate man would be drowned in a teacup.

> 161. Anger and haste hinder good counsel.

> 162. Any port in a storm.

> 163. Appearances are deceitful.

> 164. Appetite comes with eating.

> 165. As drunk as a lord.

> 166. As innocent as a babe unborn.

> 167. As like as an apple to an oyster.

> 168. As like as two peas.

> 169. As old as the hills.

> 170. As plain as the nose on a man's face.

> 171. As plain as two and two make four.

> 172. As snug as a bug in a rug.

> 173. As sure as eggs are eggs.

> 174. As the call, so the echo.

> 175. As the fool thinks, so the bell clinks.

> 176. As the old cock crows, so does the young.

> 177. As the tree falls, so shall it lie?

> 178. As the tree, so the fruit.

> 179. As welcome as flowers in May.

> 180. As welcome as water in one's shoes.

> 181. As well be hanged for a sheep as for a lamb.

> 182. As you brew, so must you drink?

> 183. As you make your bed, so must you lie on it?

> 184. As you sow, so shall you reap?

> 185. Ask no questions and you will be told no lies.

> 186. At the ends of the earth.

> 187. Bacchus has drowned more men than Neptune.

> 188. Bad news has wings.

> 189. Barking does seldom bite.

> 190. Be slow to promise and quick to perform.

> 191. Be swift to hear, slow to speak.

> 192. Beauty is but skin-deep.

> 193. Beauty lies in lover's eyes.

> 194. Before one can say Jack Robinson.

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> 195. Before you make a friend eat a bushel of salt with him.

> 196. Beggars cannot be choosers.

> 197. Believe neither all that you see nor half what you hear.

> 198. Best defense is offence.

> 199. Better a glorious death than a shameful life.

> 200. Better a lean peace than a fat victory.

>

> 201. Better a little fire to warm us, than a great one to burn us.

> 202. Better an egg today than a hen tomorrow.

> 203. Better an open enemy than a false friend.

> 204. Better be alone than in bad company.

> 205. Better be born lucky than rich.

> 206. Better be envied than pitied.

> 207. Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion.

> 208. Better deny at once than promise long.

> 209. Better die standing than live kneeling.

> 210. Better early than late.

> 211. Better give a shilling than lend a half-crown.

> 212. Better go to bed supper less than rise in debt.

> 213. Better late than never.

> 214. Better lose a jest than a friend.

> 215. Better one-eyed than stone-blind.

> 216. Better the devil you know than the devil you don't.

> 217. Better the foot slip than the tongue.

> 218. Better to do well than to say well.

> 219. Better to reign in hell, than serve in heaven.

> 220. Better unborn than untaught.

> 221. Better untaught than ill-taught.

> 222. Between the cup and the lip a morsel may slip.

> 223. Between the devil and the deep (blue) sea.

> 224. Between two evils 'tis not worth choosing.

> 225. Between two stools one goes (falls) to the ground.

> 226. Between the upper and nether millstone.

> 227. Betwixt and between.

> 228. Beware of a silent dog and still water.

> 229. Bind the sack before it be full.

> 230. Birds of a feather flock together.

> 231. Blind men can judge no colours.

> 232. Blood is thicker than water.

> 233. Borrowed garments never fit well.

> 234. Brevity is the soul of wit.

> 235. Burn not your house to rid it of the mouse.

> 236. Business before pleasure.

> 237. By doing nothing we learn to do ill.

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> 238. By hook or by crook.

> 239. By the street of 'by-and-bye' one arrives at the house of 'Never&#39.

> 240. Calamity is man's true touchstone.

> 241. Care killed the cat.

> 242. Catch the bear before you sell his skin.

> 243. Caution is the parent of safety.

> 244. Charity begins at home.

> 245. Cheapest is the dearest.

> 246. Cheek brings success.

> 247. Children and fools must not play with edged tools.

> 248. Children are poor men's riches.

> 249. Choose an author as you choose a friend.

> 250. Christmas comes but once a year, (but when it comes it brings good

cheer).

> 251. Circumstances alter cases.

> 252. Claw me, and I will claw thee.

> 253. Cleanliness is next to godliness.

> 254. Company in distress makes trouble less.

> 255. Confession is the first step to repentance.

> 256. Counsel is no command.

> 257. Creditors have better memories than debtors.

> 258. Cross the stream where it is shallowest.

> 259. Crows do not pick crow's eyes.

> 260. Curiosity killed a cat.

> 261. Curses like chickens come home to roost.

> 262. Custom is a second nature.

> 263. Custom is the plague of wise men and the idol of fools.

> 264. Cut your coat according to your cloth.

> 265. Death is the grand leveller.

> 266. Death pays all debts.

> 267. Death when it comes will have no denial.

> 268. Debt is the worst poverty.

> 269. Deeds, not words.

> 270. Delays are dangerous.

> 271. Desperate diseases must have desperate remedies.

> 272. Diligence is the mother of success (good luck).

> 273. Diseases are the interests of pleasures.

> 274. Divide and rule.

> 275. Do as you would be done by.

> 276. Dog does not eat dog.

> 277. Dog eats dog.

> 278. Dogs that put up many hares kill none.

> 279. Doing is better than saying.

> 280. Don't count your chickens before they are hatched.

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> 281. Don't cross the bridges before you come to them.

> 282. Don't have thy cloak to make when it begins to rain.

> 283. Don't keep a dog and bark yourself.

> 284. Don't look a gift horse in the mouth.

> 285. Don't put all your eggs in one basket.

> 286. Don't sell the bear's skin before you've caught it.

> 287. Don't trouble until trouble troubles you.

> 288. Don't whistle (halloo) until you are out of the wood.

> 289. Dot your i's and cross your t's.

> 290. Draw not your bow till your arrow is fixed.

> 291. Drive the nail that will go.

> 292. Drunken days have all their tomorrow.

> 293. Drunkenness reveals what soberness conceals.

> 294. Dumb dogs are dangerous.

> 295. Each bird loves to hear he sings.

> 296. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.

> 297. Easier said than done.

> 298. East or West home is best.

> 299. Easy come, easy goes.

> 300. Eat at pleasure, drink with measure.

> 301. Empty vessels make the greatest (the most) sound.

> 302. Enough is as good as a feast.

> 303. Envy shoots at others and wounds herself.

> 304. Even reckoning makes long friends.

> 305. Every ass loves to hear he brays.

> 306. Every barber knows that.

> 307. Every bean has its black.

> 308. Every bird likes its own nest.

> 309. Every bullet has its billet.

> 310. Every country has its customs.

> 311. Every dark cloud has a silver lining.

> 312. Every day is not Sunday.

> 313. Every dog has his day.

> 314. Every dog is a lion at home.

> 315. Every dog is valiant at his own door.

> 316. Every Jack has his Jill.

> 317. Every man has a fool in his sleeve.

> 318. Every man has his faults.

> 319. Every man has his hobby-horse.

> 320. Every man is the architect of his own fortunes.

> 321. Every man to his taste.

> 322. Every miller draws water to his own mill.

> 323. Every mother thinks her own gosling a swan.

> 324. Every one's faults are not written in their foreheads.

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> 325. Every tub must stand on its own bottom.

> 326. Every white has its black, and every sweet it’s sour.

> 327. Every why has a wherefore.

> 328. Everybody's business is nobody's business.

> 329. Everything comes to him who waits.

> 330. Everything is good in its season.

> 331. Evil communications corrupt good manners.

> 332. Experience is the mother of wisdom.

> 333. Experience keeps a dear school, but fools learn in no other.

> 334. Experience keeps no school, she teaches her pupils singly.

> 335. Extremes meet.

> 336. Facts are stubborn things.

> 337. Faint heart never won fair lady.

> 338. Fair without, foul (false) within.

> 339. Fair words break no bones.

> 340. False friends are worse than open enemies.

> 341. Familiarity breeds contempt.

> 342. Far from eye, far from heart.

> 343. Fasting comes after feasting.

> 344. Faults are thick where love is thin.

> 345. Feast today and fast tomorrow.

> 346. Fine feathers make fine birds.

> 347. Fine words butter no parsnips.

> 348. First catch your hair.

> 349. First come, first served.

> 350. First deserve and then desire.

> 351. First think, and then speak.

> 352. Fish and company stink in three days.

> 353. Fish begins to stink at the head.

> 354. Follow the river and you'll get to the sea.

> 355. Fool's haste is no speed.

> 356. Fools and madmen speak the truth.

> 357. Fools grow without watering.

> 358. Fools may sometimes speak to the purpose.

> 359. Fools never know when they are well.

> 360. Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.

> 361. For the love of the game.

> 362. Forbearance is no acquaintance.

> 363. Forbidden fruit is sweet.

> 364. Forewarned is forearmed.

> 365. Fortune favours the brave (the bold).

> 366. Fortune is easily found, but hard to be kept.

> 367. Four eyes see more (better) than two.

> 368. Friends are thieves of time.

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> 369. From bad to worse.

> 370. From pillar to post.

> 371. Gentility without ability is worse than plain beggary.

> 372. Get a name to rise early, and you may lie all day.

> 373. Gifts from enemies are dangerous.

> 374. Give a fool rope enough, and he will hang himself.

> 375. Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice.

> 376. Give him an inch and he'll take an ell.

> 377. Give never the wolf the wether to keep.

> 378. Gluttony kills more men than the sword.

> 379. Go to bed with the lamb and rise with the lark.

> 380. Good clothes open all doors.

> 381. Good counsel does no harm.

> 382. Good health is above wealth.

> 383. Good masters make good servants.

> 384. Good words and no deeds.

> 385. Good words without deeds are rushes and reeds.

> 386. Gossiping and lying go hand in hand.

> 387. Grasp all, lose all.

> 388. Great barkers are no biters.

> 389. Great boast, small roast.

> 390. See

> 391. Great spenders are bad lenders.

> 392. Great talkers are great liars.

> 393. Great talkers are little doers.

> 394. Greedy folk have long arms.

> 395. Habit cures habit.

> 396. Half a loaf is better than no bread.

> 397. "Hamlet" without the Prince of Denmark.

> 398. Handsome is that handsome does.

> 399. Happiness takes no account of time.

> 400. Happy is he that is happy in his children.

>

> 401. Hard words break no bones.

> 402. Hares may pull dead lions by the beard.

> 403. Harm watch, harm catch.

> 404. Haste makes waste.

> 405. Hasty climbers have sudden falls.

> 406. Hate not at the first harm.

> 407. Hatred is blind, as well as loves.

> 408. Hawks will not pick hawks' eyes.

> 409. He begins to die that quits his desires.

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> 410. He cannot speak well that cannot hold his tongue.

> 411. He carries fire in one hand and water in the other.

> 412. He dances well to whom fortune pipes.

> 413. He gives twice who gives in a trice.

> 414. He goes long barefoot that waits for dead man's shoes.

> 415. He is a fool that forgets himself.

> 416. He is a good friend that speaks well of us behind our backs.

> 417. He is happy that thinks himself so.

> 418. He is lifeless that is faultless.

> 419. He is not fit to command others that cannot command him.

> 420. He is not laughed at that laughs at himself first.

> 421. He is not poor that has little, but he that desires much.

> 422. He jests at scars that never felt a wound.

> 423. He knows best what good is that has endured evil.

> 424. He knows how many beans make five.

> 425. He knows much who knows how to hold his tongue.

> 426. He laughs best who laughs last.

> 427. He lives long that lives well.

> 428. He must need swim that is held up by the chin.

> 429. He should have a long spoon that sups with the devil.

> 430. He smells best that smells of nothing.

> 431. He that comes first to the hill may sit where he will.

> 432. He that commits a fault thinks everyone speaks of it.

> 433. He that does you and ibid turn will never forgive you.

> 434. He that fears every bush must never go a-birding.

> 435. He that fears you present will hate you absent.

> 436. He that goes a borrowing goes a sorrowing.

> 437. He that goes barefoot must not plant thorns.

> 438. He that has a full purse never wanted a friend.

> 439. He that has a great nose thinks everybody is speaking of it.

> 440. He that has an ill name is half hanged.

> 441. He that has no children knows not what love is.

> 442. He that has His head needs no hat.

> 443. He that has no money needs no purse.

> 444. He that is born to be hanged shall never be drowned.

> 445. He that is full of himself is very empty.

> 446. He that is ill to himself will be good to nobody.

> 447. He that is warm thinks all so.

> 448. He that knows nothing doubts nothing.

> 449. He that lies down with dogs must rise up with fleas.

> 450. He that lives with cripples learns to limp.

> 451. He that mischief hatches, mischief catches.

> 452. He that never climbed never fell.

> 453. He that once deceives is ever suspected.

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> 454. He that promises too much means nothing.

> 455. He that respects not is not respected.

> 456. He that seeks trouble never misses.

> 457. He that serves everybody is paid by nobody.

> 458. He that serves God for money will serve the devil for better wages.

> 459. He that spares the bad injures the good.

> 460. He that talks much errs much.

> 461. He that talks much lies much.

> 462. He that will eat the kernel must crack the nut.

> 463. He that will not when he may, when he wills he shall have nay.

> 464. He that will steal an egg will steal an ox.

> 465. He that will thrive must rise at five.

> 466. He that would eat the fruit must climb the tree.

> 467. He that would have eggs must endure the cackling of hens.

> 468. He who is born a fool is never cured.

> 469. He who hesitates is lost.

> 470. He who likes borrowing dislikes paying.

> 471. He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.

> 472. He who pleased everybody died before he was born.

> 473. He, who says what he likes, shall hear what he doesn't like.

> 474. He who would catch fish must not mind getting wet.

> 475. He who would eat the nut must first crack the shell.

> 476. He who would search for pearls must dive below.

> 477. He will never set the Thames on fire.

> 478. He works best who knows his trade.

> 479. Head cook and bottle-washer.

> 480. Health is not valued till sickness comes.

> 481. His money burns a hole in his pocket.

> 482. Honesty is the best policy.

> 483. Honey is not for the ass's mouth.

> 484. Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.

> 485. Honour and profit lie not in one sack.

> 486. Honours change manners.

> 487. Hope is a good breakfast, but a bad supper.

> 488. Hope is the poor man's bread.

> 489. Hunger breaks stone walls.

> 490. Hunger finds no fault with cookery.

> 491. Hunger is the best sauce.

> 492. Hungry bellies have no ears.

> 493. Idle folks lack no excuses.

> 494. Idleness is the mother of all evil.

> 495. Idleness rusts the mind.

> 496. If an ass (donkey) brays at you, don't bray at him.

> 497. If ifs and as were pots and pans...

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> 498. If my aunt had been a man, she'd have been my uncle.

> 499. If the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch.

> 500. If the sky falls, we shall catch larks.

> 501. If there were no clouds, we should not enjoy the sun.

> 502. If things were to be done twice all would be wise.

> 503. If we can't as we would, we must do as we can.

> 504. If wishes were horses, beggars might ride.

> 505. If you agree to carry the calf, they'll make you carry the cow.

> 506. If you cannot bite, never show your teeth.

> 507. If you cannot have the best, make the best of what you have.

> 508. If you dance you must pay the fiddler.

> 509. If you laugh before breakfast you'll cry before supper.

> 510. If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.

> 511. If you sell the cow, you sell her milk too.

> 512. If you throw mud enough, some of it will stick.

> 513. If you try to please all you will please none.

> 514. If you want a thing well done, do it yourself.

> 515. Ill-gotten gains never prosper.

> 516. Ill-gotten, ill-spent.

> 517. In every beginning think of the end.

> 518. In for a penny, in for a pound.

> 519. In the country of the blind one-eyed man is a king.

> 520. In the end things will mend.

> 521. In the evening one may praise the day.

> 522. Iron hand (fist) in a velvet glove.

> 523. It is a good horse that never stumbles.

> 524. It is a long lane that has no turning.

> 525. It is a poor mouse that has only one hole.

> 526. It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest.

> 527. It is an ill wind that blows nobody good.

> 528. It is a silly fish that is caught twice with the same bait.

> 529. It is easy to swim if another holds up your chin (head).

> 530. It is enough to make a cat laugh.

> 531. It is good fishing in troubled waters.

> 532. It is never too late to learn.

> 533. It is no use crying over spilt milk.

> 534. It is the first step that costs.

> 535. It never rains but it pours.

> 536. It's as broad as it's long.

> 537. It's no use pumping a dry well.

> 538. Its one thing to flourish and another to fight.

> 539. It takes all sorts to make a world.

> 540. Jackdaw in peacock's feathers.

> 541. Jest with an ass and he will flap you in the face with his tail.

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> 542. Judge not of men and things at first sight.

> 543. Just as the twig is bent, the tree is inclined.

> 544. Keep a thing seven years and you will find a use for it.

> 545. Keep your mouth shut and your ears open.

> 546. Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.

> 547. Last, but not least.

> 548. Laws catch flies, but let hornets go free.

> 549. Learn to creep before you leap.

> 550. Learn to say before you sing.

> 551. Learn wisdom by the follies of others.

> 552. Least said, soonest mended.

> 553. Leaves without figs.

> 554. Let bygones be bygones.

> 555. Let every man praise the bridge he goes over.

> 556. Let sleeping dogs lie.

> 557. Let well (enough) alone.

> 558. Liars need good memories.

> 559. Lies have short legs.

> 560. Life is but a span.

> 561. Life is not a bed of roses.

> 562. Life is not all cakes and ale (beer and skittles).

> 563. Like a cat on hot bricks.

> 564. Like a needle in a haystack.

> 565. Like begets like.

> 566. Like cures like.

> 567. Like father, like son.

> 568. Like draws to like.

> 569. Like master, like man.

> 570. Like mother, like daughter.

> 571. Like parents, like children.

> 572. Like priest, like people.

> 573. Like teacher, like pupil.

> 574. Little chips light great fires.

> 575. Little knowledge is a dangerous thing.

> 576. Little pigeons can carry great messages.

> 577. Little pitchers have long ears.

> 578. Little strokes fell great oaks.

> 579. Little thieves are hanged, but great ones escape.

> 580. Little things amuse little minds.

> 581. Live and learn.

> 582. Live and let live.

> 583. Live not to eat, but eat to live.

> 584. Long absent, soon forgotten.

> 585. Look before you leap.

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> 586. Look before you leap, but having leapt never look back.

> 587. Lookers-on see more than players.

> 588. Lord (God, Heaven) helps those (them) who help themselves.

> 589. Lost time is never found again.

> 590. Love cannot be forced.

> 591. Love in a cottage.

> 592. Love is blind, as well as hatred.

> 593. Love me, love my dog.

> 594. Love will creep where it may not go.

> 595. Make haste slowly.

> 596. Make hay while the sun shines.

> 597. Make or mar.

> 598. Man proposes but God disposes.

> 599. Many a fine dish has nothing on it.

> 600. Many a good cow has a bad calf.

> 601. Many a good father has but a bad son.

> 602. Many a little makes a mickle.

> 603. Many a true word is spoken in jest.

> 604. Many hands make light work.

> 605. Many men, many minds.

> 606. Many words hurt more than swords.

> 607. Many words will not fill a bushel.

> 608. Marriages are made in heaven.

> 609. Measure for measure.

> 610. Measure thrice and cut once.

> 611. Men may meet but mountains never.

> 612. Mend or end (end or mend).

> 613. Might goes before right.

> 614. Misfortunes never come alone (singly).

> 615. Misfortunes tell us what fortune is.

> 616. Money begets money.

> 617. Money has no smell.

> 618. Money is a good servant but a bad master.

> 619. Money often unmakes the men who make it.

> 620. Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain.

> 621. More haste, less speed.

> 622. Much ado about nothing.

> 623. Much will have more.

> 624. Muck and money go together.

> 625. Murder will out.

> 626. My house is my castle.

> 627. Name not a rope in his house that was hanged.

> 628. Necessity is the mother of invention.

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> 629. Necessity knows no law.

> 630. Neck or nothing.

> 631. Need makes the old wife trot.

> 632. Needs must when the devil drives.

> 633. Neither fish nor flesh.

> 634. Neither here nor there.

> 635. Neither rhyme nor reason.

> 636. Never cackle till your egg is laid.

> 637. Never cast dirt into that fountain of which you have sometime drunk.

> 638. Never do things by halves.

> 639. Never fry a fish till it's caught.

> 640. Never offer to teach fish to swim.

> 641. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do (can be done) today.

> 642. Never quit certainty for hope.

> 643. Never too much of a good thing.

> 644. Never try to prove what nobody doubts.

> 645. Never write what you dare not sign.

> 646. New brooms sweep clean.

> 647. New lords, new laws.

> 648. Nightingales will not sing in a cage.

> 649. No flying from fate.

> 650. No garden without its weeds.

> 651. No great loss without some small gain.

> 652. No herb will cure love.

> 653. No joy without alloy.

> 654. No living man all things can.

> 655. No longer pipe, no longer dance.

> 656. No man is wise at all times.

> 657. No man loves his fetters, be they made of gold.

> 658. No news (is) good news.

> 659. No pains, no gains.

> 660. No song, no supper.

> 661. No sweet without (some) sweat.

> 662. No wisdom like silence.

> 663. None but the brave deserve the fair.

> 664. None so blind as those who won't see.

> 665. None so deaf as those that won't hear.

> 666. Nothing comes out of the sack but what was in it.

> 667. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.

> 668. Nothing must be done hastily but killing of fleas.

> 669. Nothing so bad, as not to be good for something.

> 670. Nothing succeeds like success.

> 671. Nothing venture, nothing have.

> 672. Oaks may fall when reeds stand the storm.

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> 673. Of two evils choose the least.

> 674. Old birds are not caught with chaff.

> 675. Old friends and old wine are best.

> 676. On Shank's mare.

> 677. Once bitten, twice shy.

> 678. Once is no rule (custom).

> 679. One beats the bush, and another catches the bird.

> 680. One chick keeps a hen busy.

> 681. One drop of poison infects the whole tun of wine.

> 682. One fire drives out another.

> 683. One good turn deserves another.

> 684. One law for the rich and another for the poor.

> 685. One lie makes many.

> 686. One link broken, the whole chain is broken.

> 687. One man, no man.

> 688. One man's meat is another man's poison.

> 689. One scabby sheep will mar a whole flock.

> 690. One swallow does not make a summer.

> 691. One today is worth two tomorrow.

> 692. Open not your door when the devil knocks.

> 693. Opinions differ.

> 694. Opportunity makes the thief.

> 695. Out of sight, out of mind.

> 696. Out of the frying-pan into the fire.

> 697. Packed like herrings.

> 698. Patience is a plaster for all sores.

> 699. Penny-wise and pound-foolish.

> 700. Pleasure has a sting in its tail.

> 701. Plenty is no plague.

> 702. Politeness costs little (nothing), but yields much.

> 703. Poverty is no sin.

> 704. Poverty is not a shame, but the being ashamed of it is.

> 705. Practice what you preach.

> 706. Praise is not pudding.

> 707. Pride goes before a fall.

> 708. Procrastination is the thief of time.

> 709. Promise is debt.

> 710. Promise little, but do much.

> 711. Prosperity makes friends and adversity tries them.

> 712. Put not your hand between the bark and the tree.

> 713. Rain at seven, fine at eleven.

> 714. Rats desert a sinking ship.

> 715. Repentance is good, but innocence is better.

> 716. Respect yourself, or no one else will respect you.

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> 717. Roll my log and I will roll yours.

> 718. Rome was not built in a day.

> 719. Salt water and absence wash away love.

> 720. Saying and doing are two things.

> 721. Score twice before you cut once.

> 722. Scornful dogs will eat dirty puddings.

> 723. Scratch my back and I'll scratch yours.

> 724. Self-done is soon done.

> 725. Self-done is well done.

> 726. Self is a bad counsellor.

> 727. Self-praise is no recommendation.

> 728. Set a beggar on horseback and he'll ride to the devil.

> 729. Set a thief to catch a thief.

> 730. Shallow streams make most din.

> 731. Short debts (accounts) make long friends.

> 732. Silence gives consent.

> 733. Since Adam was a boy.

> 734. Sink or swim!

> 735. Six of one and half a dozen of the other.

> 736. Slow and steady wins the race.

> 737. Slow but sure.

> 738. Small rain lays great dust.

> 739. So many countries, so many customs.

> 740. So many men, so many minds.

> 741. Soft fire makes sweet malt.

> 742. Something is rotten in the state of Denmark.

> 743. Soon learnt, soon forgotten.

> 744. Soon ripe, soon rotten.

> 745. Speak (talk) of the devil and he will appear (is sure to appear).

> 746. Speech is silver but silence is gold.

> 747. Standers-by see more than gamesters.

> 748. Still waters run deep.

> 749. Stolen pleasures are sweetest.

> 750. Stretch your arm no further than your sleeve will reach.

> 751. Stretch your legs according to the coverlet.

> 752. Strike while the iron is hot.

> 753. Stuff today and starve tomorrow.

> 754. Success is never blamed.

> 755. Such carpenters, such chips.

> 756. Sweep before your own door.

> 757. Take care of the pence and the pounds will take care of themselves.

> 758. Take us as you find us.

> 759. Tarred with the same brush.

> 760. Tastes differ.

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> 761. Tell that to the marines.

> 762. That cock won't fight.

> 763. That which one least anticipates soonest comes to pass.

> 764. That's a horse of another colour.

> 765. That's where the shoe pinches!

> 766. The beggar may sing before the thief (before a footpad).

> 767. The best fish smell when they are three days old.

> 768. The best fish swim near the bottom.

> 769. The best is oftentimes the enemy of the good.

> 770. The busiest man finds the most leisure.

> 771. The camel going to seek horns lost his ears.

> 772. The cap fits.

> 773. The cask savours of the first fill.

> 774. The cat shuts its eyes when stealing cream.

> 775. The cat would eat fish and would not wet her paws.

> 776. The chain is no stronger than its weakest link.

> 777. The cobbler should stick to his last.

> 778. The cobbler's wife is the worst shod.

> 779. The darkest hour is that before the dawn.

> 780. The darkest place is under the candlestick.

> 781. The devil is not so black as he is painted.

> 782. The devil knows many things because he is old.

> 783. The devil lurks behind the cross.

> 784. The devil rebuking sin.

> 785. The dogs bark, but the caravan goes on.

> 786. The Dutch have taken Holland!

> 787. The early bird catches the worm.

> 788. The end crowns the work.

> 789. The end justifies the means.

> 790. The evils we bring on ourselves are hardest to bear.

> 791. The exception proves the rule.

> 792. The face is the index of the mind.

> 793. The falling out of lovers is the renewing of love.

> 794. The fat is in the fire.

> 795. The first blow is half the battle.

> 796. The furthest way about is the nearest way home.

> 797. The game is not worth the candle.

> 798. The heart that once truly loves never forgets.

> 799. The higher the ape goes, the more he shows his tail.

> 800. The last drop makes the cup run over.

> 801. The last straw breaks the camel's back.

> 802. The leopard cannot change its spots.

> 803. The longest day has an end.

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> 804. The mill cannot grind with the water that is past.

> 805. The moon does not heed the barking of dogs.

> 806. The more haste, the less speed.

> 807. The more the merrier.

> 808. The morning sun never lasts a day.

> 809. The mountain has brought forth a mouse.

> 810. The nearer the bone, the sweeter the flesh.

> 811. The pitcher goes often to the well but is broken at last.

> 812. The pot calls the kettle black.

> 813. The proof of the pudding is in the eating.

> 814. The receiver is as bad as the thief.

> 815. The remedy is worse than the disease.

> 816. The rotten apple injures its neighbours.

> 817. The scalded dog fears cold water.

> 818. The tailor makes the man.

> 819. The tongue of idle persons is never idle.

> 820. The voice of one man is the voice of no one.

> 821. The way (the road) to hell is paved with good intentions.

> 822. The wind cannot be caught in a net.

> 823. The work shows the workman.

> 824. There are lees to every wine.

> 825. There are more ways to the wood than one.

> 826. There is a place for everything, and everything in its place.

> 827. There is more than one way to kill a cat.

> 828. There is no fire without smoke.

> 829. There is no place like home.

> 830. There is no rose without a thorn.

> 831. There is no rule without an exception.

> 832. There is no smoke without fire.

> 833. There's many a slip 'tween (== between) the cup and the lip.

> 834. There's no use crying over spilt milk.

> 835. They are hand and glove.

> 836. They must hunger in winter that will not work in summer.

> 837. Things past cannot be recalled.

> 838. Think today and speak tomorrow.

> 839. Those who live in glass houses should not throw stones.

> 840. Time and tide wait for no man.

> 841. Time cures all things.

> 842. Time is money.

> 843. Time is the great healer.

> 844. Time works wonders.

> 845. To add fuel (oil) to the fire (flames).

> 846. To angle with a silver hook.

> 847. To be born with a silver spoon in one's mouth.

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> 848. To be head over ears in debt.

> 849. To be in one's birthday suit.

> 850. To be up to the ears in love.

> 851. To be wise behind the hand.

> 852. To beat about the bush.

> 853. To beat the air.

> 854. To bring grist to somebody's mill.

> 855. To build a fire under oneself.

> 856. To buy a pig in a poke.

> 857. To call a spade a spade.

> 858. To call off the dogs.

> 859. To carry coals to Newcastle.

> 860. To cast pearls before swine.

> 861. To cast prudence to the winds.

> 862. To come away none the wiser.

> 863. To come off cheap.

> 864. To come off with a whole skin.

> 865. To come off with flying colours.

> 866. To come out dry.

> 867. To come out with clean hands.

> 868. To cook a hare before catching him.

869. To cry with one eye and laugh with the other.

> 870. To cut one's throat with a feather.

> 871. To draw (pull) in one's horns.

> 872. To drop a bucket into an empty well.

> 873. To draw water in a sieve.

> 874. To eat the calf in the cow's belly.

> 875. To err is human.

> 876. To fiddle while Rome is burning.

> 877. To fight with one's own shadow.

> 878. To find a mare's nest.

> 879. To fish in troubled waters.

> 880. To fit like a glove.

> 881. To flog a dead horse.

> 882. To get out of bed on the wrong side.

> 883. To give a lark to catch a kite.

> 884. To go for wool and come home shorn.

> 885. To go through fire and water (through thick and thin).

> 886. To have a finger in the pie.

> 887. To have rats in the attic.

> 888. To hit the nail on the head.

> 889. To kick against the pricks.

> 890. To kill two birds with one stone.

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> 891. To know everything is to know nothing.

> 892. To know on which side one's bread is buttered.

> 893. To know what's what.

> 894. To lay by for a rainy day.

> 895. To live from hand to mouth.

> 896. To lock the stable-door after the horse is stolen.

> 897. To look for a needle in a haystack.

> 898. To love somebody (something) as the devil loves holy water.

> 899. To make a mountain out of a molehill.

> 900. To make both ends meet.

> 901. To make the cup run over.

> 902. To make (to turn) the air blue.

> 903. To measure another man's foot by one's own last.

> 904. To measure other people's corn by one's own bushel.

> 905. To pay one back in one's own coin.

> 906. To plough the sand.

> 907. To pour water into a sieve.

> 908. To pull the chestnuts out of the fire for somebody.

> 909. To pull the devil by the tail.

> 910. To put a spoke in somebody's wheel.

> 911. To put off till Doomsday.

> 912. To put (set) the cart before the horse.

> 913. To rob one's belly to cover one's back.

> 914. To roll in money.

> 915. To run with the hare and hunt with the hounds.

> 916. To save one's bacon.

> 917. To send (carry) owls to Athens.

> 918. To set the wolf to keep the sheep.

> 919. To stick to somebody like a leech.

> 920. To strain at a gnat and swallow a camel.

> 921. To take counsel of one's pillow.

> 922. To take the bull by the horns.

> 923. To teach the dog to bark.

> 924. To tell tales out of school.

> 925. To throw a stone in one's own garden.

> 926. To throw dust in somebody's eyes.

> 927. To throw straws against the wind.

> 928. To treat somebody with a dose of his own medicine.

> 929. To use a steam-hammer to crack nuts.

> 930. To wash one's dirty linen in public.

> 931. To wear one's heart upon one's sleeve.

> 932. To weep over an onion.

> 933. To work with the left hand.

> 934. Tomorrow come never.

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> 935. Too many cooks spoil the broth.

> 936. Too much knowledge makes the head bald.

> 937. Too much of a good thing is good for nothing.

> 938. Too much water drowned the miller.

> 939. Too swift arrives as tardy as too slow.

> 940. True blue will never stain.

> 941. True coral needs no painter's brush.

> 942. Truth comes out of the mouths of babes and sucklings.

> 943. Truth is stranger than fiction.

> 944. Truth lies at the bottom of a well.

> 945. Two blacks do not make a white.

> 946. Two heads are better than one.

> 947. Two is company, but three is none.

> 948. Velvet paws hide sharp claws.

> 949. Virtue is its own reward.

> 950. Wait for the cat to jump.

> 951. Walls have ears.

> 952. Wash your dirty linen at home.

> 953. Waste not, want not.

> 954. We know not what is good until we have lost it.

> 955. We never know the value of water till the well is dry.

> 956. We shall see what we shall see.

> 957. We soon believe what we desire.

> 958. Wealth is nothing without health.

> 959. Well begun is half done.

> 960. What can't be cured must be endured.

> 961. What is bred in the bone will not go out of the flesh.

> 962. What is done by night appears by day.

> 963. What is done cannot be undone.

> 964. What is got over the devil's back is spent under his belly.

> 965. What is lost is lost.

> 966. What is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.

> 967. What is worth doing at alt is worth doing well.

> 968. What must be, must be.

> 969. What the heart thinks the tongue speaks.

> 970. What we do willingly is easy.

> 971. When angry, count a hundred.

> 972. When at Rome, do as the Romans do.

> 973. When children stand quiet, they have done some harm.

> 974. When flatterers meet, the devil goes to dinner.

> 975. When guns speak it is too late to argue.

> 976. When pigs fly.

> 977. When Queen Anne was alive.

> 978. When the cat is away, the mice will play.

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> 979. When the devil is blind.

> 980. When the fox preaches, take care of your geese.

> 981. When the pinch comes, you remember the old shoe.

> 982. When three know it, all know it.

> 983. When wine is in wit is out.

> 984. Where there's a will, there's a way.

> 985. While the grass grows the horse starves.

> 986. While there is life there is hope.

> 987. Who breaks, pays.

> 988. Who has never tasted bitter, knows not what is sweet.

> 989. Who keeps company with the wolf, will learn to howl.

> 990. Wise after the event.

> 991. With time and patience the leaf of the mulberry becomes satin.

> 992. Words pay no debts.

> 993. You can take a horse to the water but you cannot make him drink.

> 994. You cannot eat your cake and have it.

> 995. You cannot flay the same ox twice.

> 996. You cannot judge a tree by it bark.

> 997. You cannot teach old dogs new tricks.

> 998. You cannot wash charcoal white.

> 999. You made your bed, now lie in it.

> 1000. Zeal without knowledge is a runaway horse.

Extracted from other group of sss-global

16 100 Incredible Parts of Human Body

C.Madhusudana Rao

[email protected]

100 INCREDIBLE PARTS OF HUMAN BODY

1. Information as the Encyclopedia Britannica. Or any other encyclopedia for

that matter. Scientists have yet to settle on a definitive amount, but the storage

capacity of the brain in electronic terms is thought to be between 3 or even

1,000 terabytes. The National Archives of Britain, containing over 900 years of

history, only takes up 70 terabytes, making your brain’s memory power pretty

darn impressive.

2. Your brain uses 20% of the oxygen that enters your blood stream. The brain


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only makes up about 2% of our body mass, yet consumes more oxygen than

any other organ in the body, making it extremely susceptible to

damage related to oxygen deprivation. So breathe deep to keep your brain

happy and swimming in oxygenated cells

.

3. The brain is much more active at night than during the day. Logically, you

would think that all the moving around, complicated calculations and tasks and

general interaction we do on a daily basis during our working hours would take

a lot more brain power than, say, lying in bed. Turns out, the opposite is true.

When you turn off your brain turns on. Scientists don’t yet know why this is but

you can thank the hard work of your brain while you sleep for all those pleasant

dreams.

4. Scientists say the higher your I.Q. the more you dream. While this may be true,

don’t take it as a sign you’re mentally lacking if you can’t recall your dreams.

Most of us don’t remember many of our dreams and the average length of most

dreams is only 2-3 seconds–barely long enough to register.

5. Neurons continue to grow throughout human life. For years scientists and

doctors thought that brain and neural tissue couldn’t grow or regenerate. While

it doesn’t act in the same manner as tissues in many other parts of the body,

neurons can and do grow throughout your life, adding a whole new dimension

to the study of the brain and the illnesses that affect it.

6. Information travels at different speeds within different types of neurons. Not all

neurons are the same. There are a few different types within the body and

transmission along these different kinds can be as slow as 0.5 meters/sec or as

fast as 120 meters/sec.

7. The brain itself cannot feel pain. While the brain might be the pain center

when you cut your finger or burn yourself, the brain itself does not have pain

receptors and cannot feel pain. That doesn’t mean your head can’t hurt. The

brain is surrounded by loads of tissues, nerves and blood vessels that are plenty

receptive to pain and can give you a pounding headache.

8. 80% of the brain is water. Your brain isn’t the firm, gray mass you’ve seen on

TV. Living brain tissue is a squishy, pink and jelly-like organ thanks to the loads of

blood and high water content of the tissue. So the next time you’re feeling

dehydrated get a drink to keep your brain hydrated.

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Hair and Nails

While they’re not a living part of your body, most

people spend a good amount of time caring for their

hair and nails. The next time you’re heading in for a

haircut or manicure, think of these facts.

1. Facial hair grows faster than any other hair on the

body. If you’ve ever had a covering of stubble on

your face as you’re clocking out at 5 o’clock you’re

probably pretty familiar with this. In fact, if the

average man never shaved his beard it would grow

to over 30 feet during his lifetime, longer than a killer whale.

2. Every day the average person loses 60-100 strands of hair. Unless you’re

already bald, chances are good that you’re shedding pretty heavily on a daily

basis. Your hair loss will vary in accordance with the season, pregnancy, illness,

diet and age.

3. Women’s hair is about half the diameter of men’s hair. While it might sound

strange, it shouldn’t come as too much of a surprise that men’s hair should be

coarser than that of women. Hair diameter also varies on average between

races; making hair plugs on some men look especially obvious.

4. One human hair can support 3.5 ounces. That’s about the weight of two full

size candy bars, and with hundreds of thousands of hairs on the human head,

makes the tale of Rapunzel much more plausible.

5. The fastest growing nail is on the middle finger. And the nail on the middle

finger of your dominant hand will grow the fastest of all. Why is not entirely

known, but nail growth is related to the length of the finger, with the longest

fingers growing nails the fastest and shortest the slowest.

6. There are as many hairs per square inch on your body as a

chimpanzee. Humans are not quite the naked apes that we’re made out to be.

We have lots of hair, but on most of us it’s not obvious as a majority of the hairs

are too fine or light to be seen.

7. Blondes have more hair. They’re said to have more fun, and they definitely

have more hair. Hair color determines how dense the hair on your head is. The

average human has 100,000 hair follicles, each of which is capable of

producing 20 individual hairs during a person’s lifetime. Blondes average

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146,000 follicles while people with black hair tend to have about 110,000 follicles.

Those with brown hair fit the average with 100,000 follicles

and redheads have the least dense hair, with about 86,000 follicles.

8. Fingernails grow nearly 4 times faster than toenails. If you notice that you’re

trimming your fingernails much more frequently than your toenails you’re not just

imagining it. The nails that get the most exposure and are used most frequently

grow the fastest. On average, nails on both the toes and fingers grow about

one-tenth of an inch each month.

9. The lifespan of a human hair is 3 to 7 years on average. While you quite a few

hairs each day, your hairs actually have a pretty long life providing they aren’t

subject to any trauma. Your hairs will likely get to see several different haircuts,

styles, and even possibly decades before they fall out on their own.

10. You must lose over 50% of your scalp hairs before it is apparent to

anyone. You lose hundreds of hairs a day but you’ll have to lose a lot more

before you or anyone else will notice. Half of the hairs on your pretty little

head will have to disappear before your impending baldness will become

obvious to all those around you.

11. Human hair is virtually indestructible. Aside from its flammability, human hair

decays at such a slow rate that it is practically non-disintegrative. If you’ve ever

wondered how your how clogs up your pipes so quick consider this: hair cannot

be destroyed by cold, change of climate, water, or other natural forces and it is

resistant to many kinds of acids and corrosive chemicals.

Internal Organs

Though we may not give them much thought unless they’re bothering us, our

internal organs are what allow us to go on eating, breathing and walking

around. Here are some things to consider the next time you hear your stomach

growl.

1. The largest internal organ is the small intestine. Despite being called the

smaller of the two intestines, your small intestine is actually four times as long as

the average adult is tall. If it weren’t looped back and forth upon itself it

wouldn’t fit inside the abdominal cavity.

2. The human heart creates enough pressure to squirt blood 30 feet. No wonder

you can feel your heartbeat so easily. Pumping blood through your body quickly

and efficiently takes quite a bit of pressure resulting in the strong contractions of

the heart and the thick walls of the ventricles which push blood to the body.

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3. The acid in your stomach is strong enough to dissolve razorblades. While you

certainly shouldn’t test the fortitude of your stomach by eating a razorblade or

any other metal object for that matter, the acids that digest the food you eat

aren’t to be taken lightly. Hydrochloric acid, the type found in your stomach, is

not only good at dissolving the pizza you had for dinner but can also eat

through many types of metal

4. The human body is estimated to have 60,000 miles of blood vessels. To put

that in perspective, the distance around the earth is about 25,000 miles, making

the distance your blood vessels could travel if laid end to end more than two

times around the earth.

5. You get a new stomach lining every three to four days. The mucus-like cells

lining the walls of the stomach would soon dissolve due to the strong digestive

acids in your stomach if they weren’t constantly replaced. Those with ulcers

know how painful it can be when stomach acid takes its toll on the lining of your

stomach.

6. The surface area of a human lung is equal to a tennis court. In order to more

efficiently oxygenate the blood, the lungs are filled with thousands of branching

bronchi and tiny, grape-like alveoli. These are filled with microscopic capillaries

which oxygen and carbon dioxide. The large amount of surface area makes it

easier for this exchange to take place, and makes sure you stay properly

oxygenated at all times.

7. Women’s hearts beat faster than men’s.

The main reason for this is simply that on

average women tend to be smaller than

men and have less mass to pump blood to.

But women’s and men’s hearts can

actually act quite differently, especially

when experiencing trauma like a heart

attack, and many treatments that work for

men must be adjusted or changed entirely to work for women.

8. Scientists have counted over 500 different liver functions. You may not think

much about your liver except after a long night of drinking, but the liver is one of

the body’s hardest working, largest and busiest organs. Some of the functions

your liver performs are: production of bile, decomposition of red blood cells,

plasma protein synthesis, and detoxification.

9. The aorta is nearly the diameter of a garden hose. The average adult heart is

about the size of two fists, making the size of the aorta quite impressive. The

artery needs to be as large as it is the main supplier of rich, oxygenated blood to

the rest of the body.

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10. Your left lung is smaller than your right lung to make room for your heart. For

most people, if they were asked to draw a picture of what the lungs look like

they would draw both looking roughly the same size. While the lungs are fairly

similar in size, the human heart, though located fairly centrally, is tilted slightly to

the left making it take up more room on that side of the body and crowding out

that poor left lung

.11. You could remove a large part of your internal organs and survive. The

human body may appear fragile but it’s possible to survive even with the

removal of the stomach, the spleen, 75 percent of the liver, 80 percent of the

intestines, one kidney, one lung, and virtually every organ from the pelvic and

groin area. You might not feel too great, but the missing organs wouldn’t kill you.

12. The adrenal glands change size throughout life. The adrenal glands, lying

right above the kidneys, are responsible for releasing stress hormones like cortisol

and adrenaline. In the seventh month of a fetus’ development, the glands are

roughly the same size as the kidneys. At birth, the glands have shrunk slightly and

will continue to do so throughout life. In fact, by the time a person reaches

old age, the glands are so small they can hardly be seen.

Bodily Functions

We may not always like to talk about them, but everyone has to deal with

bodily functions on a daily basis. These are a few facts about the

involuntary and sometimes unpleasant actions of our bodies.

1. Sneezes regularly exceed 100 mph. There’s a good reason why you can’t

keep your eyes open when you sneeze–that sneeze is rocketing out of your

body at close to 100 mph. This is, of course, a good reason to cover your mouth

when you sneeze.

2. Coughs clock in at about 60 mph. Viruses and colds get spread around the

office and the classroom quickly during cold and flu season. With 60 mph

coughs spraying germs far and wide, it’s no wonder.

3. Women blink twice as many times as men do. That’s a lot of blinking every

day. The average person, man or woman, blinks about 13 times a minute.

4. A full bladder is roughly the size of a soft ball. No wonder you have to run to

bathroom when you feel the call of the wild. The average bladder holds about

400-800 cc of fluid but most people will feel the urge to go long before that at

250 to 300 cc.

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5. Approximately 75% of human waste is made of water. While we might

typically think that urine is the liquid part of human waste products, the truth is

that what we consider solid waste is actually mostly water as well. You should be

thankful that most waste is fairly water-filled, as drier harder stools are what

cause constipation and are much harder and sometimes painful to pass.

6. Feet have 500,000 sweat glands and can produce more than a pint of sweat

a day. With that kind of sweat-producing power it’s no wonder that your gym

shoes have a stench that can peel paint. Additionally, men usually have much

more active sweat glands than women.

7. During your lifetime, you will produce enough saliva to fill two swimming

pools. Saliva plays an important part in beginning the digestive process and

keeping the mouth lubricated, and your mouth produces quite a bit of it on a

daily basis.

8. The average person expels flatulence 14 times each day. Even if you’d like to

think you’re too dignified to pass gas, the reality is that almost everyone will at

least a few times a day. Digestion causes the body to release gases which can

be painful if trapped in the abdomen and not released.

9. Earwax production is necessary for good ear health. While many people find

earwax to be disgusting, it’s actually a very important part of your ear’s defense

system. It protects the delicate inner ear from bacteria, fungus, dirt and even

insects. It also cleans and lubricates the ear canal.

Sex and Reproduction

As taboo as it may be in some places, sex is an important part of human

life as a facet of relationships and the means to reproduce. Here are a

few things you might not have known.

1. On any given day, sexual intercourse takes place 120 million times on

earth. Humans are a quickly proliferating species, and with about 4% of the

world’s population having sex on any given day, it’s no wonder that birth rates

continue to increase in many places all over the world.

2. The largest cell in the human body is the female egg and the smallest is the

male sperm. While you can’t see skin cells or muscle cells, the ovum is typically

large enough to be seen with the naked eye with a diameter of about a

millimeter. The sperm cell, on the other hand, is tiny, consisting of

little more than nucleus.

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3. The three things pregnant women dream most of during their first trimester are

frogs, worms and potted plants. Pregnancy hormones can cause mood swings,

cravings and many other unexpected changes. Oddly enough, hormones can

often affect the types of dreams women have and their vividness. The most

common are these three types, but many women also dream of water, giving

birth or even have violent or sexually charged dreams.

4. Your teeth start growing 6 months before you are born. While few babies are

born with teeth in place, the teeth that will eventually push through the gums of

young children are formed long before the child even leaves the womb. At 9 to

12 weeks the fetus starts to form the teeth buds that will turn into baby teeth.

5. Babies are always born with blue eyes. The color of your eyes depends on the

genes you get from your parents, but at birth most babies appear to have blue

eyes. The reason behind this is the pigment melanin. The melanin in a newborn’s

eyes often needs time after birth to be fully deposited or to be darkened by

exposure to ultraviolet light, later revealing the baby’s true eye color.

6. Babies are, pound for pound, stronger than an

ox. While a baby certainly couldn’t pull a

covered wagon at its present size, if the child

were the size of an oxen it just might very well be

able to. Babies have especially strong and

powerful legs for such tiny creatures, so watch out

for those kicks.

7. One out of every 2,000 newborn infants has a

tooth when they are born. Nursing mothers may cringe at this fact. Sometimes

the tooth is a regular baby tooth that has already erupted and sometimes it is

an extra tooth that

will fall out before the other set of choppers comes in.

8. A fetus acquires fingerprints at the age of three months. When only a small

fraction of the way through its development, a fetus will have already

developed one of the most unique human traits: fingerprints. At only 6-13 weeks

of development, the whorls of what will be fingerprints have already developed.

Oddly enough, those fingerprints will not change throughout the person’s life

and will be one of the last things to disappear after death.

9. Every human spent about half an hour as a single cell. All life has to begin

somewhere, and even the largest humans spent a short part of their lives as a

single celled organism when sperm and egg cells first combine. Shortly

afterward, the cells begin rapidly dividing and begin forming the components of

a tiny embryo.

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10. Most men have erections every hour to hour and a

half during sleep. Most people’s bodies and minds are

much more active when they’re sleeping

than they think. The combination of blood circulation

and testosterone

production can cause erections during sleep and

they’re often a normal

and necessary part of REM sleep.

Senses

The primary means by which we interact with the world around us is through

our senses. Here are some interesting facts about these five sensory

abilities.

1. After eating too much, your hearing is less sharp. If you’re heading to a

concert or a musical after a big meal you may be yourself a disservice. Try

eating a smaller meal if you need to keep your hearing pitch perfect.

2. About one third of the human race has 20-20 vision. Glasses and contact

wearers are hardly alone in a world where two thirds of the population have less

than perfect vision. The amount of people with perfect vision decreases further

as they age.

3. If saliva cannot dissolve something, you cannot taste it. In order for foods, or

anything else, to have a taste, chemicals from the substance must be dissolved

by saliva. If you don’t believe it, try drying off your tongue before tasting

something.

4. Women are born better smellers than men and remain better smellers over

life. Studies have shown that women are more able to correctly pinpoint just

what a smell is. Women were better able to identify citrus, vanilla, cinnamon

and coffee smells. While women are overall better smellers, there is an

unfortunate 2% of the population with no sense of smell at all.

5. Your nose can remember 50,000 different scents. While a bloodhound’s nose

may be a million times more sensitive than a human’s, that doesn’t mean that

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the human sense of smell is useless. Humans can identify a wide variety of scents

and many are strongly tied to memories.

6. Even small noises cause the pupils of the eyes to dilate. It is believed that this is

why surgeons, watchmakers and others who perform delicate manual

operations are so bothered by uninvited noise. The sound causes their pupils to

change focus and blur their vision, making it harder to do their job well.

7. Everyone has a unique smell, except for identical twins. Newborns are able to

recognize the smell of their mothers and many of us can pinpoint the smell of

our significant others and those we are close to. Part of that smell is determined

by genetics, but it’s also largely due to environment, diet and personal hygiene

products that create a unique chemistry for each person.

Aging and Death

From the very young to the very old, aging is a necessary and unavoidable

part of life. Learn about the process with these interesting, if somewhat strange

facts.

1. The ashes of a cremated person average about 9 pounds. A big part of what

gives the human body weight is the water trapped in our cells. Once cremated,

that water and a majority of our tissues are destroyed, leaving little behind.

2. Nails and hair do not continue to grow after we die. They do appear longer

when we die, however, as the skin dehydrates and pulls back from the nail beds

and scalp.

3. By the age of 60, most people will have lost about half their taste

buds. Perhaps you shouldn’t trust your grandma’s cooking as much as you do.

Older individuals tend to lose their ability to taste, and many find that they need

much more intense flavoring in order to be able to fully

appreciate a dish

.

4. Your eyes are always the same size from birth but your nose and ears never

stop growing. When babies look up at you with those big eyes, they’re the same

size that they’ll be carrying around in their bodies for the rest of their lives.

Their ears and nose, however, will grow throughout their lives and research has

shown that growth peaks in seven year cycles.

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5. By 60 years of age, 60-percent of men and 40-percent of women will snore. If

you’ve ever been kept awake by a snoring loved one you know the sound can

be deafening. Normal snores average around 60 decibels, the noise level of

normal speech; intense snores can reach more than 80 decibels, the

approximate level caused by a jackhammer breaking up concrete.

6. A baby’s head is one-quarter of its total length, but by age 25 will only be

one-eighth of its total length. As it turns out, our adorably oversized baby heads

won’t change size as drastically as the rest of our body. The legs and torso will

lengthen, but the head won’t get much longer.

Disease and Injury

Most of us will get injured or sick at some point in our lives. Here are

some facts on how the human body reacts to the stresses and dangers from the

outside world.

1. Monday is the day of the week when the risk of heart attack is greatest. Yet

another reason to loathe Mondays! Aten year study in Scotland found

that 20% more people die of heart attacks on Mondays than any other day

of the week. Researchers theorize that it’s a combination of too much

fun over the weekend with the stress of going back to work that causes

the increase.

2. Humans can make do longer without food than sleep. While you might feel

better prepared to stay up all night partying than to give up eating, that feeling

will be relatively short lived. Provided there is water, the average human could

survive a month to two months without food depending on their body fat and

other factors. Sleep deprived people, however, start experiencing radical

personality and psychological changes after only a few sleepless days. The

longest recorded time anyone has ever gone without sleep is 11 days, at the

end of which the experimenter was awake, but stumbled over words,

hallucinated and frequently forgot what he was doing.

3. A simple, moderately severe sunburn damages the blood vessels

extensively. How extensively? Studies have shown that it can take four to fifteen

months for them to return to their normal condition. Consider that the next

time you’re feeling too lazy to apply sunscreen before heading outside.

4. Over 90% of diseases are caused or complicated by stress. That high stress job

you have could be doing more than just wearing you down each day. It could

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also be increasing your chances of having a variety of serious medical

conditions like depression, high blood pressure and heart disease.

5. A human head remains conscious for about 15 to 20 seconds after it is been

decapitated. While it might be gross to think about, the blood in the head may

be enough to keep someone alive and conscious for a few seconds after the

head has been separated from the body, though reports as to the accuracy of

this are widely varying.

Muscles and Bones

Muscles and Bones provide the framework for our bodies and allow us to jump,

run or just lie on the couch. Here are a few facts to ponder the next

time you’re lying around.

1. It takes 17 muscles to smile and 43 to frown. Unless you’re trying to give your

face a bit of a workout, smiling is a much easier option for most of us. Anyone

who’s ever scowled, squinted or frowned for a long period of time knows how it

tires out the face which doesn’t do a thing to improve your mood.

2. Babies are born with 300 bones, but by adulthood the number is reduced to

206. The reason for this is that many of the bones of children are composed of

smaller component bones that are not yet fused like those in the skull. This makes

it easier for the baby to pass through the birth canal. The bones harden and fuse

as the children grow.

3. We are about 1 cm taller in the morning than in the evening. The cartilage

between our bones gets compressed by standing, sitting and other daily

activities as the day goes on, making us just a little shorter at the end of the day

than at the beginning.

4. The strongest muscle in the human body is the tongue. While you may not be

able to bench press much with your tongue, it is in fact the strongest muscle in

your body in proportion to its size. If you think about it, every time you eat,

swallow or talk you use your tongue, ensuring it gets quite a workout throughout

the day.

5. The hardest bone in the human body is the jawbone. The next time someone

suggests you take it on the chin, you might be well advised to take their advice

as the jawbone is one of the most durable and hard to break bones in the body.

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6. You use 200 muscles to take one step. Depending on how you divide up

muscle groups, just to take a single step you use somewhere in the

neighborhood of 200 muscles. That’s a lot of work for the muscles considering

most of us take about 10,000 steps a day.

7. The tooth is the only part of the human body that can’t repair itself. If you’ve

ever chipped a tooth you know just how sadly true this one is. The outer layer of

the tooth is enamel which is not a living tissue. Since it’s not alive, it can’t repair

itself, leaving your dentist to do the work instead.

8. It takes twice as long to lose new muscle if you stop working out than it did to

gain it. Lazy people out there shouldn’t use this as motivation to not work out,

however. It’s relatively easy to build new muscle tissue and get your muscles in

shape, so if anything, this fact should be motivation to get off the couch and

get moving.

9. Bone is stronger than some steel. This doesn’t mean your bones can’t break of

course, as they are much less dense than steel. Bone has been found to have a

tensile strength of 20,000 psi while steel is much higher at 70,000 psi. Steel is

much heavier than bone, however, and pound for pound bone is the stronger

material.

10. The feet account for one quarter of all the human body’s bones. You may

not give your feet much thought but they are home to more bones than any

other part of your body. How many? Of the two hundred or so bones in the

body, the feet contain a whopping 52 of them.

Microscopic Level

Much of what takes place in our bodies happens at a level that we simply

can’t see with the naked eye. These facts will show you that sometimes

that might be for the best.

1. About 32 million bacteria call every inch of your skin home. Germaphobes

don’t need to worry however, as a majority of these are entirely harmless and

some are even helpful in maintaining a healthy body.

2. Humans shed and regrow outer skin cells about every 27 days. Skin protects

your delicate internal organs from the elements and as such, dries and flakes off

completely about once a month so that it can maintain its strength. Chances

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are that last month’s skin is still hanging around your house in the form of the dust

on your bookshelf or under the couch.

3. Three hundred million cells die in the human body every minute. While that

sounds like a lot, it’s really just a small fraction of the cells that are in the human

body. Estimates have placed the total number of cells in the body at 10-50

trillion so you can afford to lose a few hundred million without a hitch.

4. Humans shed about 600,000 particles of skin every hour. You may not think

much about losing skin if yours isn’t dry or flaky or peeling from sunburn, but your

skin is constantly renewing itself and shedding dead cells.

5. Every day an adult body produces 300 billion new cells. Your body not only

needs energy to keep your organs up and running but also to constantly repair

and build new cells to form the building blocks of your body itself.

6. Every tongue print is unique. If you’re planning on committing a crime, don’t

think you’ll get away with leaving a tongue print behind. Each tongue is

different and yours could be unique enough to finger you as the culprit.

7. Your body has enough iron in it to make a nail 3 inches long. Anyone who has

ever tasted blood knows that it has a slightly metallic taste. This is due to the high

levels of iron in the blood. If you were to take all of this iron out of the body,

you’d have enough to make a small nail and very severe anemia.

8. The most common blood type in the world is Type O. Blood banks find it

valuable as it can be given to those with both type A and B blood. The rarest

blood type, A-H or Bombay blood due to the location of its discovery, has been

found in less than hundred people since it was discovered.

9. Human lips have a reddish color because of the great concentration of tiny

capillaries just below the skin. The blood in these capillaries is normally highly

oxygenated and therefore quite red. This explains why the lips appear pale

when a person is anemic or has lost a great deal of blood. It also explains why

the lips turn blue in very cold weather. Cold causes the capillaries to

constrict, and the blood loses oxygen and changes to a darker color.

Miscellaneous

Here are a few things you might not have known about all different parts of your

anatomy.

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1. The colder the room you sleep in, the better the chances are that you’ll have

a bad dream. It isn’t entirely clear to scientists why this is the case, but if you are

opposed to having nightmares you might want to keep yourself a little

toastier at night.

2. Tears and mucus contain an enzyme (lysozyme) that breaks down the cell

wall of many bacteria. This is to your advantage, as the mucus that lines your

nose and throat, as well as the tears that wet your eyes are helping to prevent

bacteria from infecting those areas and making you sick

.3. Your body gives off enough heat in 30 minutes to bring half a gallon of water

to a boil. If you’ve seen the Matrix you are aware of the energy potentially

generated by the human body. Our bodies expend a large amount of calories

keeping us at a steady 98.6 degrees, enough to boil water or even cook pasta.

4. Your ears secrete more earwax when you are afraid than when you

aren’t. The chemicals and hormones released when you are afraid could be

having unseen effects on your body in the form of earwax. Studies have

suggested that fear causes the ears to produce more of the sticky substance,

though the reasons are not yet clear.

5. It is not possible to tickle yourself. Even the most ticklish among us do not have

the ability to tickle ourselves. The reason behind this is that your brain predicts

the tickle from

information it already has, like how your fingers are moving. Because it knows

and can feel where the tickle is coming from, your brain doesn’t

respond in the same way as it would if someone else was doing the

tickling.

6. The width of your arm span stretched out is the length of your whole

body. While not exact down to the last millimeter, your arm span is a pretty

good estimator of your height.

7. Humans are the only animals to produce emotional tears. In the animal world,

humans are the biggest crybabies, being the only animals that cry because

they’ve had a bad day, lost a loved one, or just doesn’t feel good.

8. Right-handed people live, on average, nine years longer than left-handed

people do. This doesn’t have a genetic basis, but is largely due to the fact that

a

majority of the machines and tools we use on a daily basis are designed for

those who are right handed, making them somewhat dangerous for lefties to

use and resulting in thousands of accidents and deaths each year.

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9. Women burn fat more slowly than men, by a rate of about 50 calories a

day. Most men have a much easier time burning fat than women. Women,

because of their reproductive role, generally require a higher basic body fat

proportion than men, and as a result their bodies don’t get rid of excess fat at

the same rate as men.

10. Koalas and primates are the only animals with unique fingerprints. Humans,

apes and koalas are unique in the animal kingdom due to the tiny prints on the

fingers of their hands. Studies on primates have suggested that even cloned

individuals have unique fingerprints.

11. The indentation in the middle of the area between the nose and the upper

lip has a name. It is called the philtrum. Scientists have yet to figure out what

purpose this indentation serves, though the ancient Greeks thought it to be one

of the most erogenous places on the body.

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