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Compiled with the assistance of the Tiger University Program of the Estonian
Information Technology Foundation
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Introduction to DesignIlya Shmorgun, Valeria Gasik, David Lamas
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Topics
Definition of design
Design strategies
Approaches to design
Role in the development lifecycle
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Design
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What is Design?
A plan or drawing produced to show the
look and function of an object before it is
built
Design is not only how it looks but also
how it works
The art and practice of exploring and
implementing ideas
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Design is about
Making sense of things
Putting bits and pieces together to make
them work in harmony
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Design begins with thequestion What should we
be doing in the first place?
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Strategies
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Types of Design
Strategies
Design as a rational process
Design as an action-centered process
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Design as a Rational
Process
Design is plan-driven
Consists of a sequence of concrete steps
The design object should be optimized for
specific constraints and objectives
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Design as an Action-
Based Process
The design process is driven by creativity
and emotion
The design process is improvised
The design process does not have an
explicit sequence of steps
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Approaches
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Four Approaches to
Design
User-Centered Design
Activity-Centered Design
System-Centered Design
Genius Design
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Approach Overview Users Designer
User-centered designFocus on user needs
and goalsThe guides of design
Translator of userneeds and goals
Activity-centered designFocus on the tasks andactivities that need to
be accomplished
Performers of theactivities
Creates tools foractions
Systems designFocus on the
components of asystem
Set the goals of thesystem
Makes sure all the partsof the system in place
Genius designSkill and wisdom of
designers used to makeproducts
Source of validationThe source of
inspiration
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Some Common
Assertions These approaches can be used in many differentsituations to create distinct products and services
Most problematic situations can be improved bydeploying at least one of these approaches An individual designer will prefer one approach to
others
The best designers are those who can movebetween approaches, applying the best approachto the problem at hand
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User-Centered Design
Users know best
Designers are not the users
Focus on what the user ultimately wants to
accomplish
Involve users in every stage of the project
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Role in theDevelopment Lifecycle
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What is a Development
Lifecycle?
A project management framework
A structure for developing a software
product
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Common Development
Models
Waterfall model
Agile development
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Agile Development
Based on an iterative and incremental
approach
Requirements and solutions evolve
throughout the project by means of
collaboration between self-organizing,cross-functional teams
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Design in the
Development Cycle
In the Waterfall Model design is just one ofthe activities of the lifecycle
In the Agile Model design is tightly
integrated with the whole lifecycle
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Topics Covered
Definition of design
Design strategies
Approaches to design
Role in the development lifecycle
