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Controlling DoD Organization... NavalOrdnance Systems Command, Washington, DC.

AUTHORITYUSNOL ltr, 29 Aug 1974; USNOL ltr, 29 Aug1974

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ARMED SERV TES TECHNICAL INFORMATION AGENCYiIUTGTON HALL STATIONAiRLINGTON 12, VIRGINIA

jDOWO~GMlfED AT 3 )A.'R fl'RVazs:DF.C.7ASSIflED AFrzR 1.2 YAMS

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"UCLASSIFIED

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.ri:'ed Services Technical Iform* on Igency

ýz CUý.'ET ScER7ICE C, qKNJOTT ElUILDING, DAYTO41, 2, OHIO

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.4 ?TAVORiD REPORT ins~

r

A T~~1~T o T1~ !T~E 'ASC01 OiN T AIN 0 LAST

Ft).1- C.J X.LOSIVES

-IJ

- .7

Ott SECU"Y INFORMATION

WORD91 Report 2r53.i •:" - ' :: . . ." ";

Ti-- EFc'CT OF S. _Vr,.iL CASE ON T 'rm AIR BLASTFROM HIGH EXPLOSIVES

I P�repared by:

E. M. Fisher

Approved by: C. J. AronsonDeputy Chief,Explosion Effects Division

ABSTRACT: The formila developed by U. Fano of the BallisticResearch Laboratories hae been revised by new theoreticaland experimental considerations so an t- give more reasoln-able predictions of the air blast from ,teel cased charges.

By the use of the 5rme experimental data which was avail-I able to Fano plus new data on bare chargci, it has been foundthat tho ratios nf the effective bare charge weights of thecased charges to the actual charge weight3 as calc4lated bythe original Fano formula were about two-thirds as large asthe proper experimental values.

Of the three revised formulae developed for finding barecharge eq!!,vA.lent weight, W', the ezpression which fits ex-perimental data best Is

, W'. I +U I M

W'W

where in the ratio of the bare charge equivalent weightto the actual charge weight and M is the ease to chargeSweight ratio; M' is equal to r for all weapons with a-metal

1 weiWht to charge weight ratio lose than one. For all valuesjof grater than one use MI equal to one.

All the expressions devaloped correlate with positive im.-ii pulse. To obtain results that correlate with peak pressurethe right side of the above rormula is multiplied by 1.19.

Explosives Research DepartmentSU.S. NAVAL ORDNANCE LABORATORYWhite Oak, Maryland

4 CONPIMNTIALSECURITY INFORMATION I

7 ,,:

--9 --- :,S'.-: • !, '0 '"

*. .. -rI . -

S NAVORD itaport 2753 19 Februar-I 1953

j j p until recently a formula derived shorl1 after the warby U. Fano of ihe liAlistic Rea:arch Laboratori4S to pre-di-t the effect of the bomb case on air blast has been

a epted. tiperiments conducted at the Falltsti e

Laboratories *nd this Laborato"-y have, within the pactyear, raitd the question as to th1 A.ib!lt y of forFano formula s a means of prodicting bia't effeota forcased charSes from data measured un bare charges. Since

most cploi.lvos comparison work hos been done on barecharges, the implications of the failure of tVis for.mulaaTre extremwly important. "

The work discribed in this report, although not oatop.eted,

pres4ents rivised equations based on both experimental andtheoretical con~idarition= which enable a moro oaonable

Srodlotionz of air blait pav~amteterz from steel casod weapons.L I This worrk was performed urdor NOL task Re2c-2°l. •

The euthor wishes to acknowledSu the work of Yartha J.?Mngeton aind Roy W. Huff for their holp In analysis andeompatations.

EUIARD L. WOODYARDCaptain, USNComman.nder

By direction

I£ .

CONFIDMTI'ALSECURITY IIfORMATION *

I

-. m

-- -SECURITY INFORNIATIONH V CONFI"DENTIAL

NAVORD Re.,ort 2753

IL j pageIntroduction . 4

II Derivatio;1 0.i , PAo*Formula and CoMrpar*Io onof Rles"Ib3 with Epiiet. . .. . . . ~i

il Derivation cf Ne nula ComparisonZof Resu.tc withE.iperinent ... ..

IVu .C.......u... "7

I !• i IILLUVi'RATIONS

: J, j• PiFgure 1. Cotmparison or Equations for Finding theEffective Bare Charge Weight of Steel

SCased Weapons .... .. . . . 11Figure 2. Peak Preaszrn3 vs Reduced R.adial Distance

for Cast viT in Far Mulch PReion. . . 12Figure 1. Peak P reoure vs Reduced Radial Distance

4 Prfor Cant TNhT in Far ;,.-ch Region. * 13*i - 4. Peak Freaaure va Reduced Radial Distance

for Cast TNT in Par M.ach R-eion. . . .1Figure 5. Pea~k rressure v* n-duced fladial. Distance

I,'Lor Cast TNT in Far '.'!ah Rcgion. * 15Figre . Rduced P031tive IL-puloe vs Re~uce4I flLTa.dial Disatnce far Cast VTInT i For

4 11 lIch Region................... . . 16 'Figue T.Red=Ae Positive Ivfpulse vs Reduced1. 1 Radial Distance for Cast TIM In FarF ~ach Region . . .. . . .4.4.17

Pigurv 8. Reduced Pooiti.ve Impulse vs ReducedRadial Distance for Cast TNT in Far

_, _ M,'ch Region .. ... .. 18

4 1Fitu. 9. Reduced Positive Impulse vs ReducedRadial Di5tance for Cast TNT In ForV.A,,. Region .. .. ..... 19 !

Table I Peak Pressure Data from Steel CasedbTNTWeapons *.. " . .*9

Table 11 Positive Impulse Data from SteelCased TNT Weapons .. . . . 10

• CONT IDINTIAL,,ECVRI 'Y INPORMATION

i. .1......C N, I • W •IAL• •-•

0 6 0 .. ... . 9 .,, . ...... . .,

***tO¶*r * - -

* ~ fl~1 MAT~O~

NAVOFRD Ropert 2753

M1 Z. F7!CT OF M~i STMIL CIM 01; TE~E AIR BLASTI FAPOI HIGH EX'LOJrIES

I 1. ~iwt,;O~1 . IRTHODUM.rIOM

orcti o oot",t rnseon them~ to :', hi. audn~hzidlirg of tbha e--plosi%:e chz~r;-3 caa n cnsl eir. M~avlorI ~a:,.i vz7 Z~otr fraý intaftl t±i'i dz:~i ~ o.Still hoc.w-imr casca m aed --̀ ,.zn it ia r~cojw-.r7' th.,Lt tJM

* ~hm t)v2u-s tor. no L'ater hv~E !vy .rA uitmri4 the case is%A~da, th~s.) 010o oIZ4ý %'." :apon preducets air blast. The

awiunt of this air' bleat ahould b3 I-.%o~n for the o ua'iuut4nof the value of tha wd;aoon Lai or.-4-,)rison vtiti ch~ of dir-

*rerent dmeAn P-d in t!-.' of a w-aoe'?73 a ua* I Iag~iit a srp.*Oiflo tar7,t.

4 ~~2. it is the purpose of this "port to rev'ise the v±1

43 vilopjL Feuo In ref-crne (a) on " ~hbi:% iof rw .ex-

3. ~.~ E~.ULTS WITH~~*41V0Fn oml hsbtndvlp4 4 h zminoamI-, of th xlsion rodc ac aOtekYoi n

SECUITYINFORMATION

40 01 0 *

CO TDoEhNTIAL fNAvoaZ Report 2753

where E is the total k5nitic enery Per unit w"ight " "C is the weight -3f chmrV or weizhit of gases prior

to rupture of c-aseM is the -ScihM' of metal oites per twit 1ongth of

c~lfl~±~lc~end cha~riaV i the vcloc±y of fryx.Onts at tinee of rupture.

16 It in asaeid that the didtributtifl of ths veioeities oZ the

&P.s M lDC-15 at th: tiz;a of runtur- is not uniform, beingzero in the .,r t'nd V at the =tal - san interface. ThA4

i in j'roat Or Lhe /•1 C712) jZ uctd to tske this aoeu;tion

into ccount. Solvirig •.t.ioT (1) for, Zand substituting

fr-.ýnt Velocity cdk~u :%> V, 0ur'ney found that E was about80t of the total detoiLjt 5 .on t king the ratio of

the kinetic ena-" of tha I ts j 2 to the total klnetia

enery, o tin (1), -ano oo•ltei. tne fr.ction of the totalSee"Ykinctia outnen,,jrW Goia,3 Into thu fra,;~e~nt3 to be

(2)C

The fraction of the kinetic ens-rgy belonging to the sismo

after the case has burat is thus

Sl 1I-- - - (3)

This was ,.ult:L.2ed, by 1.8 to account for the fraction ofthe total detonation cnerry bal.rninS to the gasea and caseas kirtatic ennr•y at the tim-a of rupture of the case. The

20% of the total ener" remniri. in 'Cbi' SAses 31 potantialenergy plus th3 P-mount of kinet3;. ener-: ý-u, I alning in thegenses at the time of rupture la ýrobab.Ly rioctly spent in '.he

:o:eution uf the blast.

4. The equivalent bare oharge weight, W1, relative to tho

amount of explosive, W, in the cased chargu was &iVen as

w0 .8 )9 +-

C

The above equation herein referred to as Pano's formula was •

checked roughly in reference (a) by showing that when the

distanceu from all typ•es of bombs are. reduced by the oube

2CONFIDENTIAL

"SECURITY INFORMATION- •

S-"l_ - .. . ."-

40P•

Cry ?YZI'TIALNAVQ3;. )Vti...rt n753 .

* ~root of W1, their equivn'.ent bare chtrsa wieight, the dataf~l. p~-oi::23ly on a aiirglecuv for peak prnsourc.The : W13 !7rund to b4 tru-3 for pcLt~ p1. data

when tj-j ro:!it!.va iz V~o1aluc al well ad thO diIA-Wilce

tl-- r-ruc'd by ~hs auti -root of1'ilaor~ne tvlith the

th ineativ: -.Ct.:t of 0fl3 ca~o N1th reapoct to an~other1but fai1cd to nbhcw hoei W' o--'2Parxd Ath actual bare ahargeita. T%ý vf:,ý-tiv* bare char~r~ tweiýhtn prodicttd by this

svqt:'nt17 ex~orimantally datermir-ed values.

th.a of:4e~uve b~r ch~r: replac-eit 'zelue, W1, Tab~lesIand I1, vUMS~ I~e by nohd deiacribad in detail in

rafý-Jvnn(a) . R.tiotly thioza involved thi acaling up ofethi e~ frce nir bare char~e3 data for oaat TNT given

b-y Kirlrood andc fL-.in!ley in refcr-ence (4) as coarraot,-d forPvv grc lctno by experimients! data obtained in the far p4

F-3chi re--icn rfi~renoa (e). From a atudZ1- of the BRL cased

c3 t~a iritio of "he ivei~ht of a char.-;ei in fret. air to theI.htof a chnrge fired rnebr a reelcatinia surftce that will

r'ivt thi~r air blast affeit (pt~.k preasre or po3csitive2pl~ t a iven d1mti'nce. * 4

fo.3l nd ';he experin3nta1 work applying the scaling lawscan st:*n i tha fol"x table:

1W 0.8 1W I

71- Experimental(Peno roznaula) work and Scal-Ii ______ I ___________

4 n;, Laws ____

I1&-11 1.09 peak Pressure1xb 0.9k Positive InpuQlseI ~ Purpose * 0.58 09

Bombs 0._________ Positive Impulce 0

The Fano equation (4) Is plotted in yig1. *;-

.3 SECURITY INFORWiTIQN

NAVORLReort 2753tI

7.in the Nevn1 Ordnance brOy~IO-UAOtn'experlmonft, r-efer~ncO c) jis calu.acc( to bo 0.31

for ponit~ve IinpuIse and 1.C)3 tor 0.91 prr'rS hchIe'Loae to Ceju1. of ,3,AO ojii8ijhe6~10.1~~

* p~ p-~Ju~-..ad CZ1C1 rd~ola M1~, (iota, g,%)olo ¶~bl.ed

I en~d II. rThls dm t--nc',Bto 611c"' the :;teel cn"eý-Lrc

for i{zc-1 is not fa~r dirii.rient froms TN~T lod- ivapons8.

OF RZSUlJs WITH ZXE111tN

S. An equation was dev.eloped for - eo'v1ting In close

sare;etwitn expa ri~i.'nt by tie ~ei"rzl aust1.p-

* ttn thst nearly all tha eas aolecules 8 the tiT-ý of rup-

ture of the cr..e travel In a cylindrical shall wi-tt% a11vel.o'-Ity 7 eq~ual to the 1-r !r/"Ilt V&ý:-OcitzT. Mile ~d aQG.P-

tion vaj T.At into e'quatn tho kinetic enargy equati.on

atthe tima or rupture becesoa

X .2 MV+.8 5

whic yi-ýlde a W bar chrg yexpeivaente toratak cng

waed7,h ratta 1.of:~r!S

0.50

II +

V_ _ .2

*.- M ea n.

...

p p p p p p

ikquition (6) in plotted on~ Fig. 1.

*9. it h&~s b~en not-iibien to re-naculate, S. in eq~uation (5)by Lvi.~o of' th i "r .it fr.t--.rn;t~ t Ion d,.ta in-

~ W1.3city, V ! 678 VS/o0.Ii C

C:'n;'-GO to ci-00 Riti, ,T n 38

* ~ ~ 3ýoi-lw, a .Prjlue for E, total k1*rvtic emr:y ofIi ho ~'~~ nts :.rAd exp1oalon producta at th~e t14.2 of rutura,Ut ~j9 :59 1tOr'VJ ;ýr -r.'3 or 53 por cent :X the tot-,IJ 2jtsn--. :: -1- If t:1i-3 0?tc of 53 Pr- cant 13 uvo In aqu~-

W 0.4 + 0.53 (7)

of ouation (7)) with Scnl.i--nta Ln ultei

* Purpo~tj 1 .8 0.93 ? (1o3U

___~ +1

ArmoU 067eipna Wo053rek ~~

Equntluat(7)n M) anttscaling Law1

1UO- 0,81 0.9 Pi! (1- M')-

Piercing_ 0.07

0 1 rCOWTVIPENTALUAVORD Repo'rt 2753

Ol' is equal to 1 for ell weeteons with a metal weight-to

I ch!-re 'welght ratio leas than ore. For all values Of

'tt ti3n one uue M' equal to one. For example, M'

Sis equnl to 0.23 for light CM.ed wean•;os 3and o-,e for ivemi

ai-. or piercins weons. ?'ultiply equation (8) by 1.19 to

ottain for peak pres3ure. This in eas*ence Implies that

the percenta•ie of de•tcnatlon er.vgy ccnvort,!d Into kinptic

4 ener=y is .iý-ectly proportional to the percentaga of r.ctal

Sw t-u. to a hcavin an • ratio or one or Srdator,

The tzble below 3ho'1,s the 8grraement or aquu'ýion (8) with

SCthe valoes obt3lned from e:,cri,#Pnt and the scaling laws. P

* .~, ~.Exporimzntal Work( I " ~ and Scalniig Laws

' It ll•1.09 Peak pressu~reCtized

';03 ,S 0.9O Positive I:,nilse0.95 0.91 Pilk FresaJ'te

0.$0 0.80 ?o!,ltive I;'pulseArmor 0.46 0.53 Paink Peseure

I pl.ercing,crFs 0.38 0.45 ?illtive rMpulee

S Equation (3) 13 plotted on Fig. 1 ohowing the difference be-t tween it and the Feno cutation.

II. Pigur,'a 2, 3, 4, and 5 are plots of pe3k presaure vsreduoed iaodial diatrnce In t:hich the bomb data tabulated in

Tnble I l.a co-par-d with bore charge data. The source ofthis bomre charge Onta is mentioned earlier in thin report.The bomb data has been zcled by using the cube root of theeffectiv-t bare charge weizht as calculatcd from the fourequations diacunsed in thin report. As can be seen from the

I Srnphs the bomb peak preas.4re data scales poorly for allequations exce,,t eq,.ation (8) am modified by the factor 1.19for peak pressure. Figures 6, 7. 8, and 9 arv pluto or re-

duced positive Impulao ve reduced radial distanc.e In whichthe bomb data tabulated in Table II are compared with experi-

mental bare charge data. The bomb data has been scaled by use

of the cube rvot of the effective bare charge weight as ccl-culmted by the four equations discussed In this report. The " pbomb positive lmpulae data scales well for all -quationa ex-cept the Fan eq*AtIon, Fig. 6 as san be neen fr-w the graph&.

CONFrIENTIALS3CURITY INFORMATION

4 p.••o•

CONFIDENTIALNAVORD aeport 2753

rf, COtUT,USION3

12. It is concluded thnt thn Cormulae developed fvom Vi.neticren,:r e to bt,,btions at the t!n-e of rupture correlate best

¶ wish i)o0uitivo i';guloe date. Thertfore to predict poaitive im-Vuln4 r.;•ult th- new formulae devell'ed in this report can be

a ujcd without modification. The ayperizantal data indicate thatto prliuict peak prea3ure results the formulae uhould be multi-plied by the factor 1.19.

13. The teble below nhc'•;o the form.nulze to U-e that be!t agreewith ox; rLvgnl work ard ooallng law results for predicting

Case Type *Li1ht Case *General Purpose Svrni Armor_____ Pier, 1-ng1

Positive Impuls p .n ,

S: Peak ;:cszura W17~ # l.#W

S" Refers to the ehar~e to total weipht ratio in the rtglons ofthe present type weapons described by light eeoc, general pur-l i pose and semi arm.or pitraing. - 08

ui' F, I ip -' ~

1,i7

"CONPIDENTIALSECURITY IDWORMATIOW

,-- 0 0 - S•--'- 0."

NkVoiu FRoyort Z753

- I jj~O~Orf Air Uvi U. FarO,

11 d Gux'za.y, LXL Re~port -103.

Ce)imrvon -"portt 2-74 Air Bla-- c 1of 3* otJ~ 1 rk. wqrQjq Stc~a. Caz1(a jjc..ýL j~a rstu, by

-P ij::o~a3.ccýria an~d I r~t~v',r Giýzoa; A10)vrt it. Cjirov.k.

(d) V*10n4IuAi L fzave Cur'roo for Cuist T2NT; 1xjrkQ1O4 &M

()NAVCAD Riý*ort 21n3 - Ezp-!rln3utmI Shook Wave nf~to

9 3. 1I ?ihr Co..-nta

SEMT INOIOTO

.44C0O4FIDENLIAL

* . NAVORD Report 2753

TABLE 1

PF~k Pressure Data From Steel Caaed TINT Weapons

4 Peak Weight Bare ChargeWeapon 2ressure Distance of TNT Weight TNT W'Dtscription (PsI I (rt) c/l WWe71U.)Q ±U ILO MLC 50M 2.9 3 U.oz U:)Q tj,3uu ZQ.S

4,000 1b LC Bomb 3.15 300 0.82 3362 40 1.02!4,o0 li•e Bomb 6.23 211 0.82 3362 -.2,5 1.27* 4,000 lb LC Bomb 3.09 Z=0 0.82 3362 3230 0.06IC 6 Depth Charge 16.39 6 O0 M.?! 300 47 TA9• ' 1K 6 Depth Charge 6.23 90 0.77 300 331 1.iO

mK 6 Depth Charge 3.10 130 0.77 300 271 0.90#imean 1 .09

2,000 lb OP Bomb 2.04 204.8 o.64 1117 0.842,000 lb GP Bomb 2.27 -42.8 0.64 1117 A5 f.802,000 lb a? Bomb 3.97 165.o o.64 1117 869 0.78

S1,000 lb G? nomb 2.99 163.8 0.65 558 523 0.94500 lb OP Bomb 3.05 129.7 0.65 267 265 0.99I '500 lb O? Bomb 1. 82 167.3 o.65 26T 151 0.5T500 lb OP Boub 12. 9.7 0.65 267 312 1.17

00lGPBm 5.7 9.3 0.65 267 ",0 1 .11

100 lb n? Bonb 3.23 76.3 0.65 55 5 1.07100 lb a? Bomb - 2.02 97.9 0.65 55 43.7 0.79Mean 0.91

2,000 lb SAP Bomb 2.18 166.2 0.36 556 262 O.A71,000 lb SAP -3omb 2.22 136.5 038 320 148 0.46

500 lb SAP Bomb 2.55 108.:4 0.38 161 105 0.65Mean 0.53

I Note: All weapons fired slightly above groud to avoidoratering.

C/, .'arge to weight ratio of cylinrioal section of weapon.WO is calculated by scaling up bare charge data.Peak Pressure values are averages of a nt,ýtber of trials.

I9 MMtIDEMTAL I• ~~SECUR ITY iNFORMATION

II

4

C . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . .. . . . . , ,,0

' i

CoNpiDE4TIALNAVOPD Report 2753

£ 1 TABLIZ 1poait.$ve irapulse Data FrQ.'a Ste*, Cased TNT Weapons

I pO~i~.Ve 1e~isht pare Char~gei positive w eigh t ETHe Wh'e

weapon rmpulse D'.Itance o f T t" e7h TTW

Weaon ~'~ -) --

10,00,0 lb LW BoM T 73.2 3 0.32 7050 60 0.9244,000 lb W) Bomb 55.1 30 . 83 2 3362 3-60 0.12

4,(00 lb LO -omb 1O. 151.3 0. 3362 3176e)S4,C00 lb IX on 62.. r00 0.2282 j362 3180 0.95

SIB 119.7 149 .8 0:82 3,62 3835it C Blab a.9 60.0 0.77 300 262 0.87?MiC 6 Mptb Ch e 23.6* 129.6 0.77 300 213 0.71

g,0 l0 Ib G? liomb -2.66 2 04.8 0o 6 4 1117 0.6 9

2,(0CO Ib OG ,utb g6.o5 79.5 0,64 1117 L68 0.76i 2,,)00 lb G? Dorb 59.62 120.0 0.64 1117 0.11

1,000 1b OP !omb 28.2 165.b 0.65 558 39* 0.115:000 lb O? m-.b 51'29.7 0.65 2G7 232.

500 lb OP?130mb 1"5.02 59.7 65 2bT 26% 0.99500 lb OP LC --b 9,20.50 129.7 o.65 267 168 o.63

4 ' IOO Ib 0? Bomb 16.05 76.% o,65 55 52.5 0.801 bMan .6 B.

"2,000 Ib SAP Bomb 20.12 163.2 0,36 556 •, 0,412,30 lb SAP B0umb 11.93 297,2 .%56 n 0.45

" i Mote: All weepons tired s•ht11 ebove 9rOund to avoid craterinf;.HoelAl weap-•e'on rwed~h rsli o ol •~ dilection or weapon.

CA(W ct~ar to weight ratio of cyllnr4~iOsl ecif twao'I i is calcultted by s5ain, up barc eharge data.

positive LqpqLlss Is an average of & mmaber of trIals.

COerPFDFWrIAt,

4 ~SICMUITY INC1RNATION

......................................................

4 •••q

COI14FIDENTIAL .

NAVORD REPORT 2753

rIG. ICOMPAPISON OF EQUATIONS FORl FINDING THE EFFECTIVE

BARE. CH1ARGE WEIGHT OF A STEEL CASED WEAPON

I,'1 2-~

4 I+_

I. i iý .AN /

0.

V.0.2

4 II_

'CkY it ji T

I- ICHARGE WEIGHT2j.L. ~ 1T"'MTTAL WEIGHT S

4MOcr~ MEVAL WEIGT

SEMAURTY INFORMATIO14 CONFIQcENTIAL

CONFIDENTIALNAVORD REPORT ZT53

FIG. 2PEAK PRESSURE VS REDUCED RADiAL DISTANCE

FOR CAST TNT IN FAR MACH REGION

:7 .... W'FOR STEEL CASED WFAPONS

1 i:>DETERMINED BY FANO EQUATION

x SA+P BOMBSIO~± - - XP BARE CHG.OATA

I I . _____ REFLECTION GOEFFICIENT ul

7-- 7

. . . . . ............. .....

44 ... .... .

u i :::

* . ~i.JL ~.....~ ... LI5 6 7 8-9 10a ~301 40 50

REDUCED RADIAL DISTANCE R/W (FT/LBO)

SECURITY 2.

INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL

ii CONFIDENTIALNAVORD REPORT 2753

FIG. 3 A1

PEAK PRESSURE VS REDUCED RADIAL DISTANCEFOR CAST TNT IN FAR MACH REGION

20 ~' W1 FOR STEEL CASED

I ~WEAPONS DETERMINEDI - FROM THE FOLLOW114G

LL EQUATION'wax.

w m

ftt .1 7*' '1.IN OFICE~ix . . .. .. ..

Itn

7 a9120 30 01)050

FI.

4 ~PEAK PRESSURE VS REDUCED RADIAL DISTANCEFOR CAST TNT IN FAR MACH REGION

I 2 c-TW'FOR STEEL CASED

A WEAPONS LOETERAINEDBY' TME FyiLLOWING4 11 . EQUATION'III -:0.47+ M

0 L.C. 8CM8

-I+ G.P. BOMOq-L ~X S.A.P. 90101

~... IEX P. BARE CHARGE DATA

0.6t

S6 7689 1020 3 40 0REDUCED RRaDIAL DISTANCE R/W'l/3 (FT/gIto3J

2ECURITY 14INFORMATION GONFIOEN'rAL

CONFIDENTIAL X4 NAVORO REPORT 2753

FIG. 5PEAK PRESSURE VS REDUCED0 RADIAL DISTANCE

4FOR CAST TNT IN FAR MACH REGION

20.ii Wl FOR STEEL CASED

WEAPONS DETERMINEO

fQJATiON'

1 0 L.C. BOMS

I~ 1 .A.F? BOMB3'I I ~ ~ 7j+G.F BOMIX BARE CHARGE DATA

1'1-.- -7.--. -7ý'

11I LzI

2.............

5 6 78a910 2 0 '/130 1340 50

REDUCEDO RADIAL DISTANCE Rtw' 3(FT/lb 3

SECURITY 1INFORMATION CONFI')ENTIAL

4

FEOUCED POSITIVE IMPULSE V$ REDUJCED RAD:AýL DISTANCEFOR CASFT T.NT I.N1A MACH REGION

.177-7 7-. 90.YFOR STEEL CASED WEAPONSL OETERMINED ZýOM FANO

I:EQUATIO.N 'oZ .

0 -L(; BOMS

w.;. +-GP 80MB

).........EXP. BARE C-;!='G DATA

REFLEcrioN ZZ)=EFF!CIENT*1.8

4

SEURT 1

, ;0RMTA~wwow,%& CV'.-I0ENTIAL

* . .. -

0*

I ~NAVOiRD REPORT 2753

FIG. 7

REDUCED POSITIVE !MPULSE VS REDUCED RADIAL

DISTANCE FOR CAST. TN"T !N FAR MACH REGION

A7 K1 o FOR sTEEL CASEDI TI 77 WEAPONS DETER-MNED

SY THE .OLO0N

iI I UZ I+ ± '

~EXP- D3ARE CHARGE DATA

-I

LI z ._ ..... ....4

6789 0 2 30 40 10

REDUCED RADIAL DISTNcc R/wl ý13 FT/IlLY5

SECURITY7

INFORMATION*

FwgL--~jý- .. %

11 NAVORD REPORT 2?53

FIG. 8REDUCED POSJTIVE i..,tPULSE VS REDUCED RAMiAL DISTAN~CE

FOR CAST TNT IN FAR MACH REGION

F! ~DETERMINEo rROM FOLLOW'10 I(;

. LCG'BOMB

X SAP Some

II REFLECTION COEFFICIENr,..e

-7

0.1 -

II-T

IREDUCED RADIAL DISTAHCE RjWII#3FT/,133)I SECURITYINFORM ATIO0N

SE~ j T !IFORMATI ON~RT 253

FIG. 9REOUCE:0 rO$'"-71E 1:0PULSE vqs REDOUCED IHADIAL DISTANCE

1'() CAST ToTIN FAR~ MACH REGION.:v7 J- F7':ThW'FOR STEEL CASM. WEAPONS3

1- 1 DETEMINED FR~OM FOLLOWING

I 1~~~EQUATIOttIMA-~

*77-

* Ii

u ?-J 4 .- Ii

k±44REDCE RAIA __TN- fW /6.

SECILRI1INFRMAIO

r-

I NFORMATION1 N.A.,,On Report t:753

SDISuTRIBUTION

• . AD Copies'-•Chip?,e -urea or Ordnancee (Rego) 5

1. Chief, Bureau of Aeronautics 2

SChie~f,, ,eau Of Medicine and Surzpry

SJ.Chief, Bureau cf Shipts 2

,Ch%•f, burdnu of yards and Docks 2

- ;"Chief of Nava! Research 2

"C"hief of Ordnance, Department of the Army,SWashington, D.C. 2

I Ccmanding General, Air Materiel Cornand, Wright4 Patterson Field, Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 2

I comnunder, Na'val Ordnance Teat Station, Inyokern,California Post Office - China Lake, California 3

S, Director, Balliatic Research Laboratories, Aberdeen. .Proving Ground, Maryland

DireCtor, Naval Researclh Laboratory, W*eh.tn, iJC. 2

Chiof, r.• om-ee Special Weapons Project, r,- 1B684The Pentagfon, Washington, D.C. 2

[1 ~App--:ed Physics Laboratory, Johns Foplcir~s Univecl'sty -1 Zilver Spring, Maryland via iNM Silver Spring, Md. 1

Dr. E. F. Cox, Sandia Corporation, Sandia Base,Albuquerque, New Mexico, via I.N, Los Angelea, Cal. 1

Mr. S. Raynor, Assistant Chairman, Armour Research' I Foundation, Illinois Institute of Technology,

Chicago lo, Ill., via INM, Chicago, Illinois IDr. S. J. Fraenkel, ArmOur Research Foundation,

Teehnolcgy Center, Chicago 16, Illinois, via IHM,'I Chicago, Illinois 1

Dr. E. B. Doll, Stanford Research Institute, Stanford,Californla, via Arned Forces Special Wenpona Project,Po Box 2610, Pentagon Building, W&Oeington, DC I

SECURITY INFORMATION

-. m

P/

NAV0RD U47r "2753

DISTRIBUTION

FranU A. Parker, Director, PFroect Squil, PrirnietoiUniveralty. Princeton, New Jersey, via INM, ?kw.k,N. J. L

aoffice Chief of Ordnance, ORDTQ, Pentagon Bldg.,ATTN: B. Drimmer

Comndr Naa Provim'A-'ýCo~mmander. Naval p . .-•,rirund, Dahlgren, Virginia

S-- A-. .... .7... ---.. .. . tltICLaboratory. P.O. Box 1663,Lon Al3moe, New Mexico, via IIM, Los Aneeles, Cal. L

* Univeraity of tenver, via INM, Room 701, Ruder Bldg.St. Louis, Missouri

Commandmng Officer, Naval Mine Depot, Yorktown, VlrS nla.AITTN: J. Manlcy, R. and D. Diviaion 1

Cnmmanding Officer, Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, N.J. I

Cormandiln General, Air Material Armament Test. .Eglin Air Force Base. -•4 ::Z

hercules Ri.periment Station, Wilmlnton, DelawareAT-1'T: '&r. Roth, via IN1M, Philadelphia, Pa, 1

; British OHMDT for distribmtion, via ADS, BuOrd 5Canadian Joint Staff for distritutljon, AD8 , DUOrd

i 1 .S. Naval Attache, London, England 1

University of Denver, Institute of Induatrial noeearlh(Contract NOrd 11541) Denver 10, Colo. via Aunt.INM, Room 337, New Custom House, Denver, Colo. 1

SI.itltite of Air Weapona Research, Museum of Scienoeanr Indu-try, Chlceago 37, 111. (Air Force 'ontftrat'i33 0A -15o68 I

SECURITV ,.," .T1ON

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