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University of New HavenUniversity of New HavenID 218 Interior Systems, Materials and CodesID 218 Interior Systems, Materials and Codesby: Denis R. Ouimette AIA, OAQ, NCARBby: Denis R. Ouimette AIA, OAQ, NCARB

Lecture 004:Lecture 004:Chapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame ConstructionChapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame ConstructionReview Chapter 3Review Chapter 3Questions 1- 7 on page 112Questions 1- 7 on page 112

Reading assignment:Reading assignment:““Fundamentals of Building Construction”Fundamentals of Building Construction”Chapter 5Chapter 5Wood Light Frame ConstructionWood Light Frame ConstructionQuestion: 1 – 7 page 197Question: 1 – 7 page 197

ID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesChapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:Chapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:

In this chapter, you will learn:In this chapter, you will learn: The historical background of today’s heavy timber The historical background of today’s heavy timber

buildingsbuildings Typical details of Mill constructionTypical details of Mill construction Why Mill construction is relatively resistant to fireWhy Mill construction is relatively resistant to fire Typical details of contemporary heavy timber Typical details of contemporary heavy timber

buildingsbuildings Where to splice beams so as to minimize beam sizesWhere to splice beams so as to minimize beam sizes

ID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesChapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:Chapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:

1. Shown below is the floor plan of a two-story furniture factory in Idaho. The exterior wall is made of 12" thick (300 mm) concrete blocks. Draw a framing plan for the upper floor of this building, using a construction of timber decking supported on laminated wood beams, girders, and columns. Indicate approximate sizes of all members.

Many solutions are feasible. See Figures 4.7 through 4.15 of the text for example framing information helpful to completing this assignment.

The following table, derived from the Preliminary Design guidelines on page 135 of the text, can be used to check proposed spans and sizes.

ID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesChapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:Chapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:

Wood roof decking (d = l/40): 2” deep: 6’-8” maximum span3”: 10’-0” 4”: 13’-4” 6”: 20’-0” 8”: 26’-8”Wood floor decking (d=l/30): 2” deep: 5’-0” maximum span3”: 7’-6” 4”: 10’-0” 6”: 15’-0” 8”: 20’-0”

Solid wood beams (d=l/15) 4” span: 5’-0” maximum span8”: 10’-0” 12”: 15’-0” 16”: 20’-0” 20”: 25’-0”24”: 30’-0” Widths: 1/3 – 1/2 of depth

Solid Wood Girders Add 6” to the depths for wood beams,above.

Glu-laminated beams (d=l/20) 8” depth: 13’-4” maximum span16”: 26’-8” 24”: 40’-0” 32”: 53’-4” 40”: 66’-8”48”: 80’-0” 56”: 93’-4” Widths: 1/3 – 1/4 depth

ID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesChapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:Chapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:

Glu-laminated girders Add 6” to the depths of glu-laminated beams, above.

Wood columns 8” sq. column: 6000 SF maximum area8”: 1000 SF 10”: 2000 SF12” 3000 SF 14”: 4000 SFExtra credit may be given to students who recognize that the columns supporting the second floor must alsosupport the roof. Therefore, when estimating column size, the tributary area measured in plan should be doubled to account for both the floor and roof loads.

ID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesChapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:Chapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:

ID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesChapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:Chapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:

2. To the left, construct a detail of the intersection of a typical beam or girder with the exterior wall. To the right, draw a detail of the intersection of this same member with an interior column. Show the decking and finish flooring in both drawings.

ID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesChapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:Chapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:

2. To the left, construct a detail of the intersection of a typical beam or girder with the exterior wall. To the right, draw a detail of the intersection of this same member with an interior column. Show the decking and finish flooring in both drawings.

ID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesChapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:Chapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:

Review Questions:

1. Why does Heavy Timber construction receive relatively favorable treatment from building codes and insurance companies?

ID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesChapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:Chapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:

Review Questions:

1. Why does Heavy Timber construction receive relatively favorable treatment from building codes and insurance companies?

Heavy timber framing receives relatively favorable fire ratings because large timbers catch fire and burn relatively slowly compared to wood light frame construction, and do not lose strength as quickly as unprotected steel members during a fire. After a fire that is not too severe, it is often possible to sand the char off a heavy timber beam or column, and allow it to continue in use.

ID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesChapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:Chapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:

Review Questions:

2. What are the important factors in detailing the junction of a wood beam with a masonry loadbearing wall? Draw several ways of making this joint?

ID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesChapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:Chapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:

Review Questions:

2. What are the important factors in detailing the junction of a wood beam with a masonry loadbearing wall? Draw several ways of making this joint?

Where a wood beam joins a masonry wall, it must be protected against decay from moisture that may be present in the masonry, it must be anchored to the masonry so it cannot pull away, and it must be fastened in such a way that it can rotate out of the wall without damaging the wall if the beam should burn through during a fire.

ID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesChapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:Chapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:

Review Questions:

3. Draw from memory one or two typical details for the intersection of a wood column with a floor of a building of Heavy Timber construction.

ID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesChapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:Chapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:

Review Questions:

3. Draw from memory one or two typical details for the intersection of a wood column with a floor of a building of Heavy Timber construction.

[The important thing to look for in each of these details is a provision for preventing the column line from settling as the beams shrink.]

ID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesChapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:Chapter 4, Heavy Timber Frame Construction:

Chapter 4 Web Links  www.aitc-glulam.orgAmerican Institute of Timber Constructionwww.cwc.ca/products/glulamCanadian Wood Councilwww.tfguild.orgTimber Framers Guild

University of New HavenUniversity of New HavenID 218 Interior Systems, Materials and CodesID 218 Interior Systems, Materials and Codesby: Denis R. Ouimette AIA, OAQ, NCARBby: Denis R. Ouimette AIA, OAQ, NCARB

To do for next class:To do for next class:

Reading assignment:Reading assignment:““Fundamentals of Building Construction” Fundamentals of Building Construction” Chapter 5Chapter 5Wood Light Frame ConstructionWood Light Frame ConstructionQuestion: 1 – 7 page 197Question: 1 – 7 page 197