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INSTRUKSIES EN INLIGTING Lees die volgende noukeurig deur voordat die vrae beantwoord word: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
Beantwoord AL die vrae.
Skryf AL die antwoorde in die ANTWOORDEBOEK.
Begin ELKE vraag se antwoord boaan 'n NUWE bladsy.
Nommer die antwoorde presies soos die vrae genommer is. Indien antwoorde nie volgens die instruksies van elke vraag aangebied word nie, sal kandidate punte verloor. ALLE tekeninge moet met potlood gemaak word en die byskrifte met ink.
Teken diagramme en vloeidiagramme slegs indien dit vereis word. Die diagramme in die vraestel is nie noodwendig volgens skaal geteken nie. Die gebruik van grafiekpapier is NIE toelaatbaar NIE. Nie-programmeerbare sakrekenaars, gradeboë en passers mag gebruik word. Skryf netjies en leesbaar.
INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION Read the following carefully before answering the questions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
Answer ALL the questions.
Write ALL the answers in the ANSWER BOOK.
Start the answer to EACH question at the top of a NEW page. Number the answers exactly as the questions are numbered. If answers are not presented according to the instructions for each question, candidates will lose marks. ALL drawings should be done in pencil and labelled in ink.
Draw diagrams and flow charts only when requested to do so. The diagrams in the question paper may not necessarily be drawn to scale. The use of graph paper is NOT permitted. Non-programmable calculators, protractors and compasses may be used. Write neatly and legibly.
SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 Various possible answers are provided for each question. Indicate the correct
answer by writing only the letter (A – D) next to the relevant question number.
1.1.1 Which ONE of the following factors does NOT play a direct role in
geotropism?
A
B C D
Gravity Water Auxin Cell elongation
1.1.2 Regular removal of the tips of a plant causes it to become thicker
because ...
A
B C D
it allows the plant to develop a shape that is suitable for reproduction. the plant gets more light and air. the fruit yield of damaged plants is higher. apical dominance is eliminated.
1.1.3 Study the diagram below showing areas in the tip of a stem.
2 3 4
Tip of stem of fresh young seedling
Light
1
The auxin concentration will be ... A
B C D
higher at 3 than at 2. higher at 2 than at 3. the same at 2 and 3. the same at 1 and 4.
1.1.8 Blare van sommige xerofiete sal waarskynlik … A
B C D
ongeveer dieselfde aantal stomata op beide oppervlakke hê. stomata slegs op die onderste oppervlak hê. stomata slegs op die boonste oppervlak hê. meer stomata op die boonste oppervlak as op die onderste oppervlak hê.
1.1.8 Leaves of some xerophytes are likely to have … A
B C D
approximately the same number of stomata on both surfaces. stomata on the lower surface only. stomata on the upper surface only. more stomata on the upper surface than the lower surface.
1.2 Gee die korrekte biologiese term vir elk van die volgende beskrywings. Skryf
slegs die term langs die toepaslike vraagnommer neer.
1.2.1
1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 1.2.6 1.2.7 1.2.8
'n Chemiese stof wat groei en ontwikkeling by plante reguleer Die chemiese stof in plante wat vir die rypwording van vrugte verantwoordelik is Vinnige asemhaling met 'n oop mond wat deur soogdiere gebruik word om van oortollige liggaamshitte ontslae te raak Die handhawing van 'n konstante interne omgewing in die liggaam van 'n dier Die mikroskopiese gaping tussen twee opeenvolgende neurone Die laag van die oog wat voedingstowwe aan die selle van die oog verskaf Die oppervlak waarteen die stapes/stiebeuel druk uitoefen in die oor Strukture wat sydelingse beweging van water in die xileemvate moontlik maak
(8)
1.3 Dui aan of elk van die stellings in KOLOM I op slegs A, slegs B, beide A en
B of geen van die items in KOLOM II van toepassing is. Skryf slegs A, slegs B, beide A en B of geen langs die toepaslike vraagnommer.
KOLOM I KOLOM II
1.3.1 Bevat voedingstowwe en suurstof A B
Serebrospinale vloeistof Bloed
1.3.2
Bestaan uit 'n versameling senu-vesels
A B
Grysstof Witstof
1.3.3
Het grysstof aan die binnekant A B
Serebrum Serebellum
1.3.4
Bande van Caspary teenwoordig A B
Perisikel Endodermis
1.3.5
'n Oplossing met dieselfde konsentrasie as 'n ander oplossing waarmee dit vergelyk word
1.2 Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions. Write
only the term next to the relevant question number.
1.2.1
1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 1.2.6 1.2.7 1.2.8
A chemical substance that regulates growth and development in plants The chemical substance in plants that is responsible for the ripening of fruit Rapid breathing with an open mouth used to get rid of excess body heat by mammals The maintenance of a constant internal environment in the body of an animal The microscopic gap between two consecutive neurons The layer of the eye that supplies nutrients to the cells of the eye The surface on which the stapes/stirrup exerts pressure in the ear Structures that enable lateral movement of water in xylem vessels
(8)
1.3 Indicate whether each of the statements in COLUMN I applies to A only, B
only, both A and B or none of the items in COLUMN II. Write A only, B only, both A and B or none next to the relevant question number.
COLUMN I COLUMN II
1.3.1 Contains nutrients and oxygen A B
Cerebrospinal fluid Blood
1.3.2
Made up of a collection of nerve fibres
A B
Grey matter White matter
1.3.3
Has grey matter on the inside A B
Cerebrum Cerebellum
1.3.4
Casparian strips present A B
Pericycle Endodermis
1.3.5
A solution with the same concentration as another solution with which it is compared
1.4 Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
Glass tube
Apparatus used in an investigation in the study of water relationships in plants
Water rises in glass tube Water
Rubber tubing
Cut-off stem of pot plant Soil
1.4.1 Name the phenomenon that caused water to move into the glass
tube above the cut-off stem. (1)
1.4.2 Besides the phenomenon mentioned in QUESTION 1.4.1,
name TWO other processes responsible for the upward movement of water in a plant.
(2)
1.4.3 Name the tissue that is responsible for the upward transport of
water in a plant. (1)
1.4.4 The process shown in the investigation above sometimes allows
water droplets to exude (come out) from the edges of the leaves.
(a) (b) (c)
Name the process whereby water droplets are lost from the leaves. Name the openings at the edges of the leaves through which water droplets come out. State TWO environmental factors that favour/cause the process in QUESTION 1.4.4(a) to occur.
1.4.5 'n Ander leerder het dieselfde apparaat as die een in die diagram
hierbo opgestel. Die leerder het opgelet dat geen water na 'n paar uur in die glasbuis verskyn het nie. Gee TWEE moontlike verduidelikings vir hierdie observasie.
(4) (12)
1.5 Die onderstaande diagram verteenwoordig 'n dwarssnit deur die proksimale
kronkelbuis (A) en 'n enkele epiteelsel (B) van dieselfde nierbuisie in 'n menslike nefron. Bestudeer die diagram en beantwoord die vrae wat volg.
1.5.1
BA
3
Dwarssnit van proksimale kronkelbuis en 'n enkele epiteelsel
1
In watter deel van die nier sal jy die proksimale kronkelbuis aantref?
(1)
1.5.2 Identifiseer bloedvat 1. (1) 1.5.3 Verduidelik TWEE waarneembare aanpassings in sel B wat dit in
staat stel om sy funksie doeltreffend uit te voer. (4) (6)
AFDELING B VRAAG 2 2.1 Beantwoord die volgende vrae oor senukoördinasie: 2.1.1 Noem DRIE tipes sensasies wat deur die sensoriese area van die
serebrum waargeneem word. (3)
2.1.2 Hoewel die been 'n groot deel van die liggaam is, is slegs 'n klein
gedeelte van die serebrum sensitief vir stimuli wat daarvandaan ontvang word in vergelyking met ander dele in die liggaam. Verduidelik waarom dit die geval is.
(2)
2.1.3 'n Vlieg nader jou oog en jy sluit onmiddellik jou oë. Noem die tipe
reaksie wat plaasgevind het. (1)
2.1.4 Onderskei tussen die reaksie wat jy by VRAAG 2.1.3 genoem het
en 'n refleksboog. (5)
2.1.5 Noem EEN plek in die liggaam waarheen die brein impulse sal
stuur indien die bloed ...
(a)
(b) (c)
te veel water bevat. 'n hoë druk het. te veel koolstofdioksied bevat.
(1) (1) (1) (14)
2.2 Beantwoord die volgende vrae oor die menslike oor: 2.2.1 Verduidelik wat die effek by die mens in die volgende gevalle sal
wees:
(a)
(b) Orgaan van Corti is beskadig Buis van Eustachius is geblokkeer
(3) (4)
2.2.2 'n Seun ry fiets teen 'n hoë spoed om 'n skerp draai in die pad.
Beskryf die rol wat die seun se ore speel om te voorkom dat hy van die fiets afval wanneer hy om die draai gaan.
(8)
2.2.3 Maak 'n skets van die binne-oor van 'n mens en benoem die dele
wat hieronder genoem word: halfsirkelvormige kanaal; ampulla; sakkulus; utrikulus; koglea
3.1.3 'n Eksperiment op drie groepe rotte met dieselfde massa en
ouderdom is uitgevoer om die effek van 'n sekresie van 'n klier in rotte met dieselfde funksie as klier B in die diagram te ondersoek. Die drie groepe is soos volg behandel: Groep 1: Is 'n normale dieet plus die sekresie van die klier waarna hierbo verwys word, gevoer Groep 2: Is slegs 'n normale dieet gevoer Groep 3: Is 'n normale dieet plus drinkwater wat 'n inhibitor van klier B-sekresie bevat, gevoer
(a)
(b) (c)
Watter groep rotte (1, 2 of 3) sal die grootste toename in massa toon as al drie groepe dieselfde hoeveelheid en tipe voedsel gevoer word? Verduidelik jou antwoord op VRAAG 3.1.3(a). Daar was verskille in die voorkoms en gedrag van die rotte in hulle rustoestand. Groep 1-rotte het uitgestrek gelê met pienk ore en voete. Daarteenoor het Groep 3-rotte in 'n balletjie opgekrul gelê en hulle ore en voete was baie bleek. Verduidelik die voorkoms en gedrag van die rotte in Groep 1.
(1) (4) (4) (17)
3.2 Bestudeer die onderstaande tabel wat die menslike liggaam se reaksie op
veranderinge in die interne liggaamstemperatuur toon en beantwoord die vrae wat volg.
Letter Liggaamstemperatuur Liggaam se reaksie A 38,0 °C Koors en sweet B 37,2 °C Normale funksionering C 35,0 °C Bewing D 32,0 °C Verlies van gevoel E 30,0 °C Koma
F 25,0 °C Gewisse dood
3.2.1 Noem die termoreguleringsentrum in die menslike liggaam. (1) 3.2.2 Kies uit die tabel die letter (A tot F) wat elk van die volgende die
beste beskryf:
(a)
Die liggaam se reaksie wat tot 'n daling in liggaams-temperatuur lei
Die liggaam se reaksie wat tot 'n styging in liggaams-temperatuur lei
3.1.3 An experiment on three groups of rats of the same mass and age
was carried out to investigate the effect of a secretion from a gland in rats with the same function as gland B in the diagram. The three groups were treated as follows: Group 1: Fed a normal diet plus the secretion from the gland referred to above Group 2: Fed a normal diet only Group 3: Fed a normal diet plus drinking water that contained an inhibitor of gland B secretion
(a)
(b) (c)
Which group of rats (1, 2 or 3) will show the highest increase in mass if all three groups were fed the same amount and type of food? Explain your answer to QUESTION 3.1.3(a). There were differences in the appearance and behaviour of the rats at rest. Group 1 rats lay stretched out and had pink ears and feet. In contrast Group 3 rats lay curled up into a ball and their ears and feet were very pale. Explain the appearance and behaviour of the rats in Group 1.
(1) (4) (4) (17)
3.2 Study the table below showing the human body's response to changes in its
internal body temperature and answer the questions that follow.
Letter Internal body
temperature Body's response
A 38,0 °C Fever and sweating B 37,2 °C Normal functioning C 35,0 °C Shivering D 32,0 °C Loss of feeling E 30,0 °C Coma F 25,0 °C Certain death
3.2.1 Name the thermoregulation centre in the human body. (1) 3.2.2 Choose from the table the letter (A to F) that best describes each
of the following:
(a)
(b)
Body's response that leads to a decrease in body temperature Body's response that leads to an increase in body temperature
3.2.3 Explain how each of the responses named in QUESTIONS 3.2.2(a)
and 3.2.2(b) helps to bring about the desired body temperature change.
(6)
3.2.4 Explain why a temperature of 25,0 °C will lead to death. (3)
(12) 3.3 Many old people rest more, have poor blood circulation and are underweight,
all of which make them very vulnerable to hypothermia (body temperature much lower than normal) during the cold season.
Explain how each of the following contributes to hypothermia in old people: 3.3.1 Resting more (2) 3.3.2 Poor blood circulation (2) 3.3.3 Being underweight (2)
VRAAG 4 4.1 Die beblaarde takkies van twee plante, Plant 1 en Plant 2, is in 'n ondersoek
oor waterverlies gebruik. Een plant se blare het 'n dik kutikula en 'n harige epidermis gehad, terwyl die ander plant se blare 'n dun kutikula en geen hare op die epidermis gehad het nie. Die verandering in die massa van die beblaarde takkies van elke plant is oor 'n tydperk gemeet. Die persentasie massaverlies van die plante is gebruik as 'n aanduiding van die hoeveelheid water wat verloor is. Die resultate van die ondersoek word in die tabel hieronder getoon:
% massaverlies per eenheidsoppervlakte
Tyd van die dag Plant 1 Plant 2
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
0,0
5,5
7,5
8,5
9,0
0,0
13,5
15,5
18,0
20,0
4.1.1 4.1.2
Teken TWEE lyngrafieke op dieselfde assestelsel om die resultate van die ondersoek voor te stel. Verduidelik waarom die grootste persentasie massaverlies in albei plante tussen 11:00 en 12:00 plaasgevind het.
(13) (2)
4.1.3 Watter een van die twee plante het blare met 'n dikker kutikula en
'n harige epidermis gehad? (1)
4.1.4 Gee 'n rede vir jou antwoord op VRAAG 4.1.3.
(2) (18)
4.2 Beantwoord die volgende vrae wat verband hou met die vervoer van water in
plante.
4.2.1 Verduidelik waarom:
(a) (b)
Xileemvate dik, sterk wande het Die buitenste oppervlak van 'n wortelhaar soos 'n buisie uitsteek
(2) (2)
4.2.2 Gee TWEE moontlike verklarings waarom die meeste potplante
wat binnenshuis gehou word, doodgaan as hulle te veel water kry. (4)
4.2.3 Beskryf kortliks hoe mense wat met lang vakansies (vir ongeveer 'n
maand) gaan, kan voorkom dat hulle binnenshuise plante in hulle afwesigheid weens 'n gebrek aan water doodgaan as daar niemand is wat na die plante omsien nie.
QUESTION 4 4.1 The leafy shoots of two plants, Plant 1 and Plant 2, were used to carry out an
investigation into water loss. One plant had leaves with a thick cuticle and hairy epidermis, while the other plant had leaves with a thin cuticle and no hairs on the epidermis. The change in mass of the leafy shoots of each plant was measured over a period of time. The percentage loss of mass of the plants was used as an indication of the amount of water lost. The results of the investigation are shown in the table below:
% loss of mass per unit area
Time of day Plant 1 Plant 2
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
0,0
5,5
7,5
8,5
9,0
0,0
13,5
15,5
18,0
20,0
4.1.1 4.1.2
Draw TWO line graphs on the same system of axes to represent the results of the investigation. Explain why the greatest percentage loss of mass in both plants took place between 11:00 and 12:00.
(13) (2)
4.1.3 Which of the two plants had leaves with a thicker cuticle and hairy
epidermis? (1)
4.1.4 Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 4.1.3.
(2) (18)
4.2 Answer the following questions relating to the transport of water in plants. 4.2.1 Explain why:
(a) (b)
Xylem vessels have thick, strong walls The outer surface of a root hair extends like a tube
(2) (2)
4.2.2 Provide TWO possible explanations as to why most pot plants kept
indoors die if they are over-watered. (4)
4.2.3 Briefly describe how people who take long holidays (for
approximately a month) can prevent their indoor plants from dying from a lack of water while they are away with no one to take care of them.
4.3 Bestudeer die onderstaande diagram en beantwoord die vrae wat volg.
Chloroplas
B
Kern
Epidermis-selle van blaaroppervlak
A
4.3.1
4.3.2
Identifiseer die strukture A en B gemerk. Een teorie beweer dat die ruimte wat B gemerk is, groter word as gevolg van kalium-ione (K+) wat die chloroplast-bevattende selle binnedring.
(2)
(a) (b)
Noem die proses waarvolgens kalium-ione die chloroplast-bevattende selle binnedring wat in die bostaande diagram getoon word. Beskryf hoe die beweging van kalium-ione op hierdie wyse tot 'n toename in die grootte van B lei.
4.3 Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
Chloroplast
BA
Nucleus
Epidermal cells of leaf surface
4.3.1
4.3.2
Identify the structures labelled A and B. One theory suggests that the space labelled B becomes larger as a result of more potassium ions (K+) entering the chloroplast-containing cells.
(2)
(a) (b)
Name the process by which potassium ions move into the chloroplast-containing cells shown in the diagram above. Describe how the movement of potassium ions in this way results in an increase in the size of B.
AFDELING C VRAAG 5 5.1 Die onderstaande tabel toon die verskille in die gemiddelde daaglikse
hoeveelheid water en natrium in die glomerulêre filtraat en die urine:
Glomerulêre filtraat Urine Water 180,0 liter 1,5 liter
Natrium 550,0 gram 5,0 gram
5.1.1 Watter persentasie van water word geherabsorbeer? Toon jou bewerking.
(3)
5.1.2 Verduidelik hoe die hoeveelheid geherabsorbeerde water
gereguleer word wanneer vloeistowwe vir 'n rukkie nie ingeneem word nie.
(7)
5.1.3 Verduidelik die groot verskil in die hoeveelheid natrium in die
filtraat en die urine. (2)
5.1.4 Verduidelik waarom daar in 'n gesonde persoon geen proteïene in
die urine aangetref word nie. (2)
5.1.5 Sal die druk van die vloeistof in die nefron hoër wees in die
proksimale kronkelbuis of in die distale kronkelbuis? (1)
5.1.6 Verduidelik jou antwoord op VRAAG 5.1.5. (2)
(17) 5.2 Gedurende metabolisme word afvalstowwe in die menslike liggaam gevorm.
Dit is noodsaaklik dat hierdie afvalstowwe uit die liggaam uitgeskei word aangesien hulle giftig is. Verduidelik die rol van die nier in uitskeiding deur die rol van die nefron in urinevorming te beskryf.
Inhoud:Sintese:
LET WEL: GEEN punte sal toegeken word vir antwoorde in die vorm van diagramme of vloeidiagramme nie.
SECTION C QUESTION 5 5.1 The table below shows the differences in the average daily amount of water
and sodium in the glomerular filtrate and the urine:
Glomerular filtrate Urine
Water 180,0 litres00 1,5 litres Sodium 550,0 grams 5,0 grams
5.1.1 What percentage of the water was re-absorbed? Show your
working. (3)
5.1.2 Explain how the amount of water re-absorbed is regulated when
liquids are not taken in for a while. (7)
5.1.3 Account for the large difference in the amount of sodium in the
filtrate and the urine. (2)
5.1.4 Explain why no proteins are found in the urine of a healthy person. (2) 5.1.5 Will the pressure of the fluid in the nephron be higher in the
proximal convoluted tubule or in the distal convoluted tubule? (1)
5.1.6 Explain your answer to QUESTION 5.1.5. (2)
(17) 5.2 During metabolism waste products are formed in the human body. It is
important that these waste products be excreted from the body since they are toxic. Explain the role of the kidney in excretion by describing the role of the nephron in urine formation.
Content:Synthesis:
NOTE: NO marks will be awarded for answers in the form of diagrams or flow charts.