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University of New HavenUniversity of New HavenID 218 Interior Systems, Materials and CodesID 218 Interior Systems, Materials and Codesby: Denis R. Ouimette AIA, OAQ, NCARBby: Denis R. Ouimette AIA, OAQ, NCARB

Lecture # 001:Lecture # 001:Chapter 1, Making Building: Chapter 1, Making Building:

Review chapter #1 Review chapter #1 Question 1-5 on page 17Question 1-5 on page 17

Reading assignment:Reading assignment:““Fundamental of Building Construction” Fundamental of Building Construction” Chapter 2, FoundationsChapter 2, FoundationsQuestion: 1 – 8 on page 71Question: 1 – 8 on page 71

ID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesMaking Buildings:Making Buildings:

Designing BuildingsDesigning Buildings Choosing Building Systems: ConstraintsChoosing Building Systems: Constraints

Zoning OrdinancesZoning Ordinances Building CodesBuilding Codes Other Legal ConstraintsOther Legal Constraints

ID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesChapter 1, Making Buildings:Chapter 1, Making Buildings:

In this chapter, you will learn:In this chapter, you will learn: The various professionals who work together to The various professionals who work together to

create buildings, and how they relate to one create buildings, and how they relate to one anotheranother

The legal context within which we buildThe legal context within which we build How building heights and areas are restricted How building heights and areas are restricted

according to the type of construction usedaccording to the type of construction used Why it is important to build sustainableWhy it is important to build sustainable The information resources from which we work The information resources from which we work

when we design buildingswhen we design buildings


Designing BuildingsDesigning Buildings Idea base on need of a family, organization, or an Idea base on need of a family, organization, or an

enterprise.enterprise. Interior Design, Architect, Engineer, help consolidate Interior Design, Architect, Engineer, help consolidate

the owner’s ideas the owner’s ideas The team of designers, working with the owner to The team of designers, working with the owner to

develop the scheme of the buildingdevelop the scheme of the building A general contractor is selectedA general contractor is selected The GC hires subcontractors to carry out the projectThe GC hires subcontractors to carry out the project The drawings and specifications are submitted to the The drawings and specifications are submitted to the

municipal inspector of the build.municipal inspector of the build.


Building Systems: ConstraintsBuilding Systems: Constraints Lands (physical limitations)Lands (physical limitations) Soil (how heavy a building the soil can support)Soil (how heavy a building the soil can support) Materials (spans)Materials (spans) Budget Budget Legal restrictionsLegal restrictions


Zoning OrdinancesZoning Ordinances CoverageCoverage Set back from property linesSet back from property lines Parking space requirementParking space requirement Building size allowedBuilding size allowed Building height allowedBuilding height allowed

Fire zoneFire zone Historical zoneHistorical zone


Building CodesBuilding Codes The intend of the building code is to protect The intend of the building code is to protect

public health and safety, primarily against public health and safety, primarily against building fires.building fires.

Model Building CodesModel Building Codes National Building Code of CanadaNational Building Code of Canada Uniform Building Code “UBC” Uniform Building Code “UBC” (Western and Mid-West)(Western and Mid-West)

National Building Code “BOCA” National Building Code “BOCA” (Eastern and other area)(Eastern and other area)

International Building Code (In the USA)International Building Code (In the USA)


Building Codes: Occupancy GroupsBuilding Codes: Occupancy Groups Groups “A-1” through “A-5” are Assembly Groups “A-1” through “A-5” are Assembly

occupancies.occupancies. Group “B” is Business occupancies.Group “B” is Business occupancies. Group “E” is Educational occupancies.Group “E” is Educational occupancies. Group “F” is Industrial Buildings.Group “F” is Industrial Buildings. Groups “H-1” through “H-5” are High Hazard Groups “H-1” through “H-5” are High Hazard

occupancies.occupancies. Groups “I-1” through “I-4” Institutional occupancies.Groups “I-1” through “I-4” Institutional occupancies. Group “M” is Mercantile occupancies.Group “M” is Mercantile occupancies. Groups “R-1” through “R-4” are Residential Groups “R-1” through “R-4” are Residential

occupanciesoccupancies Group “S-1” includes building for storage of hazardous Group “S-1” includes building for storage of hazardous

materials, and “S-2”, low hazard storagematerials, and “S-2”, low hazard storage Group “U” is Utility buildings.Group “U” is Utility buildings.


1.1 Building Code Restrictions1. An old, unsprinklered warehouse of heavy timber

construction with exterior walls of brick masonry is being considered for conversion to a drama theater in a small West Virginia town. The building is two stories high, 40 by 70 feet in plan, and conforms to the definition of Type IV (HT) Construction. (Theaters are defined as a Group A-1 Occupancy.) A. Will this conversion be permitted?



construction with exterior walls of brick masonry is being considered for conversion to a drama theater in a small West Virginia town. The building is two stories high, 40 by 70 feet in plan, and conforms to the definition of Type IV (HT) Construction. (Theaters are defined as a Group A-1 Occupancy.) A. Will this conversion be permitted?

Refer to Figure 1.1 in the text. Height and area limitations for Group A-1, Construction Type IV are 65 feet, 3 stories in height, and 15,500 sf in building area. The proposed building is within these limits. Yes.



construction with exterior walls of brick masonry is being considered for conversion to a drama theater in a small West Virginia town. The building is two stories high, 40 by 70 feet in plan, and conforms to the definition of Type IV (HT) Construction. (Theaters are defined as a Group A-1 Occupancy.) B. If modifications to exterior bearing walls are

required, what fire resistance rating must be provided for this new work?



construction with exterior walls of brick masonry is being considered for conversion to a drama theater in a small West Virginia town. The building is two stories high, 40 by 70 feet in plan, and conforms to the definition of Type IV (HT) Construction. (Theaters are defined as a Group A-1 Occupancy.) B. If modifications to exterior bearing walls are

required, what fire resistance rating must be provided for this new work?See Figure 1.2 in the text, Bearing walls, Exterior, for Construction Type IV. 2-hour rated


2. A client has asked you to design a clothing store of protected platform frame (Type VA) wood construction. Provide answers for both a sprinklered and unsprinklered building. a. What is the maximum total floor area this

store can have?


2. A client has asked you to design a clothing store of protected platform frame (Type VA) wood construction. Provide answers for both a sprinklered and unsprinklered building. a. What is the maximum total floor area this store

can have?Referring to the Occupancy Group information included in the text, a clothing store is Group M. Area limitations are follows:Maximum area, unsprinklered: 14,000 sf per floorMaximum area, sprinklered: 56,000 sf for a single-story building; 42,000 sf per floor for a building up to 3 stories in height; for a building taller than 3 stories, a combined area of 126,000 sf (3 x 42,000 sf) for all floors.


2. A client has asked you to design a clothing store of protected platform frame (Type VA) wood construction. Provide answers for both a sprinklered and unsprinklered building. b. How tall can this building be?


2. A client has asked you to design a clothing store of protected platform frame (Type VA) wood construction. Provide answers for both a sprinklered and unsprinklered building. b. How tall can this building be?

Maximum height, unsprinklered: 50 feet, 3 storiesMaximum height, sprinklered: 70 feet, 4 stories


2. A client has asked you to design a clothing store of protected platform frame (Type VA) wood construction. Provide answers for both a sprinklered and unsprinklered building. c. What is the required fire resistance rating for

floor construction?


2. A client has asked you to design a clothing store of protected platform frame (Type VA) wood construction. Provide answers for both a sprinklered and unsprinklered building. c. What is the required fire resistance rating for

floor construction?

1-hour rated

3. What is the maximum height for a reinforced concrete office building of Type 1A construction?


3. What is the maximum height for a reinforced concrete office building of Type 1A construction?

Unless Occupancy H-1 or H-2, the maximum height is unlimited in feet and number of stories.


3. What is the maximum height for a reinforced concrete office building of Type 1A construction? a. What is the required fire resistance rating for

a column?


3. What is the maximum height for a reinforced concrete office building of Type 1A construction? a. What is the required fire resistance rating for

a column?3-hour rated, except for columns supporting the roof only, which may be 2- hour rated


3. What is the maximum height for a reinforced concrete office building of Type 1A construction? b. What fire resistance is required for floor

beams in this building? Why do you think answers in a. and b. differ?


3. What is the maximum height for a reinforced concrete office building of Type 1A construction? b. What fire resistance is required for floor

beams in this building? Why do you think answers in a. and b. differ?

2-hour rated. Failure of a column is more likely to cause progressive collapse of the entire structure. Failure of a floor beam should have less severe consequences.


3. What is the maximum height for a reinforced concrete office building of Type 1A construction? c. If a large concert hall is to be constructed

directly abutting the office building, what fire-resistance rating is required for the wall separating these two structures so that they may be treated as separate buildings from a building code standpoint?


3. What is the maximum height for a reinforced concrete office building of Type 1A construction? c. If a large concert hall is to be constructed

directly abutting the office building, what fire-resistance rating is required for the wall separating these two structures so that they may be treated as separate buildings from a building code standpoint?See Figure 1.6 in the text, assuming Occupancy Group A for the concert hall.3-hour rated



4. You have decided to use steel framing (Construction Type I or II) for a new five-story hotel Occupancy R-1) with 41,500 square feet per floor. The building will be fully sprinklered. a. What is the least expensive (lowest fire-rated)

Construction Type you are permitted to use?


4. You have decided to use steel framing (Construction Type I or II) for a new five-story hotel Occupancy R-1) with 41,500 square feet per floor. The building will be fully sprinklered. a. What is the least expensive (lowest fire-rated)

Construction Type you are permitted to use?

Total building area: 5 x 41,500 sf = 207,500 sf

Try Construction Type IIB: Allowable area 16,000 x 3 (for sprinklers) x 3 (for buildings three or more stories in height) = 144,000 sf < 207,500 sf. No good.Try Construction Type IIA: 24,000 x 3 x 3 = 216,000 sf > 207,500 sf. OK.Type IIA


4. You have decided to use steel framing (Construction Type I or II) for a new five-story hotel Occupancy R-1) with 41,500 square feet per floor. The building will be fully sprinklered. b. How tall, in feet and number of stories, may

the building be?


4. You have decided to use steel framing (Construction Type I or II) for a new five-story hotel Occupancy R-1) with 41,500 square feet per floor. The building will be fully sprinklered. b. How tall, in feet and number of stories, may

the building be?With sprinklers the building may be 5 stories and 75 feet in height.


4. You have decided to use steel framing (Construction Type I or II) for a new five-story hotel Occupancy R-1) with 41,500 square feet per floor. The building will be fully sprinklered. c. What level of fire protection will be required

for each of the following elements of this building?


4. You have decided to use steel framing (Construction Type I or II) for a new five-story hotel Occupancy R-1) with 41,500 square feet per floor. The building will be fully sprinklered. c. What level of fire protection will be required

for each of the following elements of this building?

Columns: 1-hour

Floor construction: 1-hourRoof construction: 1-hour

Note that footnote d. in the table allowing reduction in the fire protection with sprinklers is not applicable, since the sprinklers were already applied to height and area increases.


4. You have decided to use steel framing (Construction Type I or II) for a new five-story hotel Occupancy R-1) with 41,500 square feet per floor. The building will be fully sprinklered. d. There is a fifteen-foot wide pedestrian

passage along one edge of the site that the owner would like to develop as a shopping lane. Can large glass display windows, with a fire-resistance rating of zero, be used along this edge of the building? (See Figure 1.2 in the text, Table 602.)


4. You have decided to use steel framing (Construction Type I or II) for a new five-story hotel Occupancy R-1) with 41,500 square feet per floor. The building will be fully sprinklered. d. There is a fifteen-foot wide pedestrian passage

along one edge of the site that the owner would like to develop as a shopping lane. Can large glass display windows, with a fire-resistance rating of zero, be used along this edge of the building? (See Figure 1.2 in the text, Table 602.)

In Table 602, with a fire separation between 10 and 30 feet, Construction Type IIA, and Occupancy Group R, the required fire-resistance rating for openings in the exterior wall is 1-hour. Unrated windows are not permitted.No


5. How tall, in number of stories and in feet above grade, can you build a single-family house (Occupancy R-3) made of wood light frame, unsprinklered, with floor joists and roof rafters left exposed inside (Type VB Construction)?


5. How tall, in number of stories and in feet above grade, can you build a single-family house (Occupancy R-3) made of wood light frame, unsprinklered, with floor joists and roof rafters left exposed inside (Type VB Construction)?

3 stories, 40 feet


Review QuestionsReview Questions 1. Who are the members of the typical team that 1. Who are the members of the typical team that

designs a major building? What are their designs a major building? What are their respective roles?respective roles?


Review QuestionsReview Questions 1. Who are the members of the typical team that designs a 1. Who are the members of the typical team that designs a

major building? What are their respective roles?major building? What are their respective roles?The members of a typical building design team are: a. The architect: Determines the form of the building, coordinates the design team, and takes the major responsibility for specifying and detailing the exterior and interior finishes. b. The structural engineer: Develops with the architect the design of the structural system of the building, and takes the major responsibility for calculating, specifying, and detailing the loadbearing structure, including cladding attachments. c. The Mechanical engineer: Develops with the architect the design of the plumbing, heating, ventilating, and cooling systems of the building, and takes the major responsibility for calculating, detailing, and specifying these systems. d. The electrical engineer: Develops with the architect a design for artificial illumination of the building, and takes the major responsibility for calculating, detailing, and specifying this system, as well as systems of electric power distribution and communications wiring. e. The geotechnical and/or foundation engineer: Analyzes soils conditions, develops with the architect a design for the foundations and substructure of the building, and takes the major responsibility for calculating, detailing, and specifying this system. All these professionals are also involved in inspecting the construction work as it progresses, to be sure the specifications and details are followed, and to deal with questions that arise during construction. On many projects, a Construction Manager (CM), hired by the Owner of the building, is also part of the team. The CM acts to coordinate the entire process of design and construction, and is often responsible for hiring the architect and engineers as well as the contractor and subcontractors.


Review QuestionsReview Questions 2. What are the major constraints under which 2. What are the major constraints under which

the designers of a building must work?the designers of a building must work?


2. A client has asked you to design a clothing store of protected platform frame (Type VA) wood construction. Provide answers for both a sprinklered and unsprinklered building. a. What is the maximum total floor area this store can

have? b. How tall can this building be? c. What is the required fire resistance rating for

floor construction?


Review QuestionsReview Questions 2. What are the major constraints under which 2. What are the major constraints under which

the designers of a building must work?the designers of a building must work?The designers of a building must work

under the existing physical constraints of a building site (size, shape, soil conditions, subsurface water conditions, vegetation, etc.), as well as legal constraints that include zoning ordinances, building codes, access standards, OSHA regulations, and energy efficiency standards. Additional constraints come from building insurance companies, building contractors, labor unions, and the client’s program, taste, and budget.


Review QuestionsReview Questions 3. What types of subjects are covered by zoning 3. What types of subjects are covered by zoning

ordinances? By building codes?ordinances? By building codes?


Review QuestionsReview Questions 3. What types of subjects are covered by zoning 3. What types of subjects are covered by zoning

ordinances? By building codes?ordinances? By building codes?Zoning ordinances control the type of use to which a piece of land may be put, how much of the land may be covered by buildings, how far the buildings must be set back from the property lines, how tall the building may be, how large a total floor area may be constructed on a given piece of land, how many parking spaces must be provided, and other such matters that have to do with the relationship of a building to its site and the community in which it is built. Building codes deal with questions of safety and health by controlling the quality of construction, especially with regard to structural stability and fire resistance, but also including space and light requirements, ventilation, emergency egress, and energy efficiency.


Review QuestionsReview Questions 4. In what units is fire resistance measured? How 4. In what units is fire resistance measured? How

is the fire resistance of a building assembly is the fire resistance of a building assembly determined?determined?


Review QuestionsReview Questions 4. In what units is fire resistance measured? How 4. In what units is fire resistance measured? How

is the fire resistance of a building assembly is the fire resistance of a building assembly determined?determined?Fire resistance of building assemblies is measured in hours of fire endurance. Fire resistance is determined by subjecting a building assembly to a fire endurance test as specified by ASTM E-119.


Review QuestionsReview Questions 5. If you are designing a five-story office building 5. If you are designing a five-story office building

(Occupancy Group B) with 35,000 square feet (Occupancy Group B) with 35,000 square feet per floor, what types of construction will you be per floor, what types of construction will you be permitted to use under the International Building permitted to use under the International Building Code if you do not install sprinklers? How does Code if you do not install sprinklers? How does the situation change if you install sprinklers?the situation change if you install sprinklers?


Review QuestionsReview Questions 5. If you are designing a five-story office building 5. If you are designing a five-story office building

(Occupancy Group B) with 35,000 square feet (Occupancy Group B) with 35,000 square feet per floor, what types of construction will you be per floor, what types of construction will you be permitted to use under the International Building permitted to use under the International Building Code if you do not install sprinklers? How does Code if you do not install sprinklers? How does the situation change if you install sprinklers?the situation change if you install sprinklers?

If this building is not sprinklered, Types IA, IB, IIA, and IV are permitted; Types IIA and IV are probably the most economical. If sprinklers are installed, Types IIB, IIIA, and IIIB are also permitted.

ID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesID 218 Interior System, Materials and CodesMaking Buildings:Making Buildings:Web Sites Relating To SustanainabilityWeb Sites Relating To Sustanainability

Chapter 1 Web Links www.sustainable.doe.gov Center of Excellence for Center of Excellence for

Sustainable Development Sustainable Development www.usabc.org United States Green Building United States Green Building

Council Council solstice.crest.org Renewable Energy Policy Project solstice.crest.org Renewable Energy Policy Project www.epa.gov U.S. Environmental Protection www.epa.gov U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency Agency www.buildinggreen.com Environmental Building www.buildinggreen.com Environmental Building

News News www.crbt.org Center for Resourceful Building www.crbt.org Center for Resourceful Building

Technology Technology www.planning.org/plnginfo/growsmar/gsindex

American Planning Association Smart GrowthAmerican Planning Association Smart Growth www.cagbc.ca Canadian Green Building Council Canadian Green Building Council

http://www.sustainable.doe.gov/



http://www.usabc.org/

http://www.planning.org/plnginfo/growsmar/gsindex

http://www.cagbc.ca/

University of New HavenUniversity of New HavenID 218 Interior Systems, Materials and CodesID 218 Interior Systems, Materials and Codesby: Denis R. Ouimette AIA, OAQ, NCARBby: Denis R. Ouimette AIA, OAQ, NCARB

To do for next class:To do for next class:Reading assignment:Reading assignment:““Fundamental of Building Construction”Fundamental of Building Construction”Chapter 2, FoundationsChapter 2, FoundationsQuestion: 1 – 8 on page 71Question: 1 – 8 on page 71

Bridge Project Due September 9Bridge Project Due September 9

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Documents

building systems

building area

proposed building

building heights

building fires

building code restrictions

codes chapter

utility buildings